Ingxaki yokunyamezela (OCD) - okokuqala kungenzeka emva kokuba umntwana efikelela kwiminyaka eyi-10. Okokuqala kubonakalisa njengobungqina be- phobia , ukunyaniseka, kwaye umntu uyakwazi ukubona ukungaxakeki kokuxhalabisa kwakhe kwaye ahlangabezane nayo. Kwixesha elizayo, ukuzithiba kulahlekile, imeko iyancipha.
I-Obsessive-compulsive syndrome
Ukukhathazeka okugqithisileyo okanye i-syndrome yi-neurosis eyingozi, ngexesha apho umntu ekhunjulwe ngcamango esichukumisayo okanye ngcamango aze enze izenzo ezinyanzelisayo (ezinyanzelisayo). Ingxaki ingaba yinkampani enye, okanye i-obsessional - imvakalelo, okanye iyanqabana - kunye nokunyanzeliswa kwesithethe. Ibonakalisa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo:
- kuhlwaywa;
- iqhubeka ngonyaka kunyaka;
- engapheliyo engapheliyo.
Ukukhathazeka okugqithisileyo-imbangela
Yonke into inesizathu sayo-kwaye ukuziphatha okunyanzelisayo nge-obsessions akunjalo. Iingcali zezonyango kunye neengqondo zezinto zengqondo zithumele phambili iingcamango ezininzi zokuqala kwesi sifo. Ukukhathazeka okugqithisileyo-izinto ezinokubangela izinto kunye nezizathu:
- ukuphazanyiswa kwe-homeostasis kunye ne- metabolism jikelele;
- izifo zehomoni;
- nemiphumo yesifo esixakeke kakhulu se-craniocebral;
- izifo ezithathelwanayo;
Ezinye izizathu:
- ukukhulisana nokuziphatha okunzulu;
- ubudlelwane obunzima nabantu;
- ukunyanzeliswa kwengcinezelo.
Ukukhathazeka okugqithisileyo-iimpawu - iimpawu
Iimpawu eziphambili zengxaki yokunyanzeliswa yile nto okanye ukuba iimeko eziphazamisayo, iingcinga eziphindaphindayo, iingqungquthela ezingafaniyo. Izimpawu neempawu zesifo:
- imeko yokuxhalaba okungenangqiqo, ehamba phambili engqondweni;
- ukuziphatha okuqhelekileyo - ukunyusa okunyanzelekileyo okujoliswe ekupheliseni ukuxhalaba;
- ukwanda kwenkxalabo kwiindawo ezixakekileyo ukuya kwimeko yokwesaba;
- ukubonakaliswa komzimba: ukwanda kwenani lentliziyo, ukuphefumula ubunzima, ubuhlungu besikhumba, ukukhupha okubandayo.
Ukukhathazeka okugqithisileyo-imizekelo
Bonke abantu bafumana ukukhathala, uxinzelelo, iingcamango eziphazamisayo ezivela, zijikeleza entloko kwithuba elithile, kodwa emva kokuphumla okulungileyo, ukunyuka kwamandla, umntu uyisombulula ingxaki kunye nokuxhalaba njengoko kungenzeki. Ngaphandle koko, yonke into eyenzeka ngokunyanzeliswa okwenyaniso kunye nokunyanzeliswa, zihamba ngokukhawuleza, zifumana amandla kwaye zijonge "ngokusisigxina."
Ukukhathazeka okugqithisileyo-imizekelo ebomini:
- ukwesaba ukungcola kunye ne-microbes - umntu ukwesaba ukuthinta iingcango zomnyango, iinqwelo, izixhobo zokuthutha zikawonkewonke;
- ukwesaba iingozi (ukuphanga, ukubulala, ukudlwengula);
- ukuhlolwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo: ingaba umnyango uvalelwe, igesi, isinyithi, ukukhanya (buya emsebenzini ukhangele kwakhona);
- Inkolelo - umntu akayi kushiya indlu ngaphandle kwesithethe esithile, efunda umthandazo;
- Iingcamango ezinzulu zobuntu ngokwesini - umntu ugweba ukulalana ngenxa yokwesaba ukulimaza iqabane lakhe.
Ukukhathazeka okugqithisileyo okubambiseneyo - iziphumo
Ukukhathazeka okunyanzelekileyo kunokuphazamisa ubomi obungapheliyo bomntu ngamnye imihla, iingcamango nezenzo ezingathandekiyo ziyancipha ubudlelwane kunye nabathandekayo, loo mntu uphelelwe amandla. Phakathi kwabantu abanengxaki yokugula, inxalenye enkulu yabantu abangasebenzi - ngamanye amaxesha bayesaba ukushiya indlu, bayakhubazeka ngenxa yokwesaba kwabo. Ubomi bomntu siqu buphazamisa.
Ukukhathazeka okugqithisileyo-unyango
Indlela yokuphatha ukuphazamiseka kwengxaki ephosakeleyo-kulo mbuzo, i-psychotherapists ihlala isabela loo nto ngaphandle kokuqulunqa isizathu esenza ukuba isifo sifumane ukukhululwa okanye ukunyanga "ngokusisigxina" - akunakwenzeka. Xa zonke iinkalo zengcinezelo zichongiwe, ugqirha uyalela unyango olunzima: unyango lweziyobisi kunye nenkxaso yengqondo yesikhathi eside. Ingxaki yokunyamekela ingxaki yokunyamekela ilawulwa ngempumelelo xa umntu eyeka ukuthembela kwisiphumo esizimeleyo sesifo, ukuphepha iingxaki eziphazamisayo.
Ukukhathazeka okugqithisileyo-unyango ekhaya
Ukuqwalaselwa okanye ukunyanzeliswa kunzima ukuzilungisa-oku kunjalo xa ufuna uncedo kwizodwa. Indoda iyazibhokoxa kwisangqa esichukumisayo ukusuka ekuphukeni ukuya ekuhlulekeni kwaye iqala ukuzizonda ngenxa yobuthathaka obuboniswayo nokungabikho kokuzithiba ngakumbi. Kodwa musa ukuyeka, nangona ukuphahlazeka kwenzeka. Kulo mzekelo wokutya ngokutya, okuqhelekileyo phakathi kwabesetyhini kunye namadoda, kunokwenzeka ukuqwalasela iindlela zokulwa nokuphazamiseka kokuphazamiseka ekhaya.
Ukunyamezela ngokunyanisekileyo - indlela yokulwa yedwa, amanyathelo:
- sebenze ngokucinga- ukuqinisekiswa ;
- ukulahlwa kwemveliso enobungozi - ukutya okucocekileyo, okuphezulu-carbohydrate kufuneka kukhishwe ngokungenabuhlungu ngaphandle kokutya;
- ukuzivocavoca - ukunyanzelisa umzimba kumanyanisa ukunyanzeliswa kwengcinezelo kwaye kwandisa inani lazo i-endorphins;
- Ukugcina idayari yokutya - kufuneka iqule yonke imveliso edliweyo ngosuku - inceda ukuhlaziya nokulungisa ngokuqonda ukuba zininzi kunye nokutya okutya;
- iindlela zokuphefumla kunye nokucamngca - ukulinganisela imeko yengqondo;
- ukulala ngokupheleleyo.
Ukukhathazeka okugqithisileyo-ukunyangwa kwezibhedlele
Ukukhathazeka komntu obunyanzelekileyo-isifo esingafunekiyo sonyango sonyango ngaphandle kokuba sihamba kunye nesimo somntu schizotypic, iimpawu zesimo somntu, kunye nokugqithisa. Ngokuqhelekileyo, unyango lwezonyango luboniswa. Ukukhathazeka okugqithisileyo-iingxaki zokulawula isigulane ziquka:
- Psychotherapy . Indlela yokuqonda-yokuziphatha ikuvumela ukuba uhlalutye iimeko ezenza ukuba uxhalabele kwaye ukhathazeke kwaye ufunde indlela yokulawula urhulumente wakho. Isigulane sibonakala sisisigxina ngokwenene okanye esicatshulwayo, kwaye ngoncedo lomphengululi ufunda ukuphazamisa impendulo, ukwakha umzekelo omtsha wokuziphatha. Ukuba kusekho ukusebenzisana kunye nesichukumiso esichukumisayo, ngokuthe ngempumelelo indlela yokuziphatha entsha ichanekile. Ngokuzimeleyo, kungekho unyango lweziyobisi, ingqondo ye-psychotherapy ayiphumelelanga ngempumelelo ekuphatheni i-OCD.
- Pharmacotherapy . Ukuphazamiseka kokuziphatha okunyamezelayo ukuziphatha kakubi kakhulu kuphazamisa inkqubo yesantya yomntu kunye namayeza ngamanye amaxesha - yodwa inketho yokukhupha loo mqathango. Iziyobisi ezikhethiweyo kunyango lwe-OCD:
- izidakamizwa zoluhlu olubanzi (i-Clomipramine, iLithium, i-Buspirone);
- i-serotonin i-reuptake inhibitors (i-sertraline, i-fluvoxamine, i-fluoxetine).