Ukuhlakulela iifatata yinkqubo eyaziwayo kubanini abaninzi bama-cottages ehlobo. Kukho iindlela ezininzi zokulima: abanye abahlali basehlobo baqhuba ubuchwepheshe bokungaqhelekanga basebenzisa indawo yokuhlala, isigulane esiphezulu sizama ukukhupha iifatata kunye nembewu.
Ukulungiselela amazambane ekutsalweni
Naliphi na imbewu iya kuhluma ngokukhawuleza kwaye inike isivuno esihle, ukuba ncinane incede. Uncedo oluvela kwihlobo lehlobo luquka ukunqanda izifo nokuzalisa izondlo. Ukukhupha iifatata kwi-dacha kuya kufuna umzamo omkhulu ukwenzela ukuba izilimo eziyizigaxa zikhule zikhulu kwaye isityalo sithokoze ngobungakanani. Ayikho indawo yokugqibela eya kuba kukuhluma kwezinto zokulima.
Kunokuba usebenze iifatata ngaphambi kokufika?
Ukunyangwa kwama-tuber tubers ngaphambi kokutyala kuhloswe ukukhusela izifo nokubonakala kweentlanzi, ukukhula okukhuthazayo kunye nokuchumisa okongezelelweyo kokutya.
- Ukuhluma kwamehlo kuyona nto ibalulekileyo ekulungiseleleni izilimo eziyizigaxa, kunye nokukhuthaza ukukhula kukunceda ukwenza okufanelekileyo. Phakathi kwamagama angenakubalwa kwiipakethi esitolo, ingqalelo kufuneka ihlawulwe kwimveliso "Potitein." Ukongeza ukondla i-tubers nge-zinc kunye ne-manganese, i-agent ye "Micon" iya kunceda, ayiyikunwa ncinane.
- Ngokwesiko, iindawo zasehlotyeni zihlala ziphatha imbewu ngokubhebhetheka nge-copper sulphate, ihlaziye i-teaspoon ye-powder kwibhotile ezintathu. Kufuneka uguze imbewu kwiisombululo, kodwa ungabafaki. Unyango luqhutyelwa iintsuku ezintathu ukuya kwezine ngaphambi kokuphuma.
- Gculisa imbewu kunye nezondlo ziya kunceda "iNitrofoska" kunye ne "Solvent". Umsebenzi uqala ixesha elide ngaphambi kokufika: zonke iintsuku ezilishumi, kufuneka ulungiselele imbewu ngeenkombululo ezintathu.
- Ukulima kwamazambane, "iGugu" lizinzile ngokwayo njengomkhuseli we-Colorado beetle. Okukhuselekileyo ukuvuna isivuno kuya kunceda amalungiselelo amalungiselelo "Ukuhlonipha" kunye ne "Maxim", abahlali abahlala ehlotyeni baye bathabathela kule ndlela ayilona unyaka wokuqala. Ukusuka kwi-crunches elungileyo "amandla", isebenza kakuhle nge-wireworm.
Indlela yokukhulisa izambatho zokutshala?
- Ukuhluma ekukhanyeni. Iipatata zifakwe kwisitye esinye kwiibhokisi zeplastiki okanye zeplastiki, ezithatha phezulu. Konke oku kufakwa ngaphandle kwelanga elithe ngqo, elifihla phezulu kwembewu nge gauze. Inkqubo ithatha malunga nenyanga. Iqondo lokushisa liyehla ukusuka ku-20 ° C ukuya ku-12 ° C, ukwenzela ukuba izigulana zikhuni.
- Iifatata ngaphambi kokutyala zigcina i-sawdust okanye i-peat. Yonke into iya kwenzeka ngokukhawuleza, ngokusetyenziswa kwamandla amancinci. Kwiibhokisi ezifakiwe ifilimu, kuyo kwinqanaba elilodwa lezitshubhu. Konke oku kuthululwa kwi-substrate enomswakama, ukususela ngexesha ukunyusa. Kwiintsuku ezingama-20 kuya kuba namahlumela.
- Indlela edibeneyo inika isiphumo esiphezulu kwaye ivumela ukulungisa iimpazamo. Emva kokuhluma kokukhanya, izilimo eziyi-tubers zithunyelwa kwi-substrate enomanzi ngeveki.
- Ukuphalaza sisisombululo kubahlali basehlobo, abangenako ukubandakanya iindlela zokuqala ezintathu zokulungiselela imbewu. I-Attic, ikhefu okanye igumbi elifanayo lihlanganiswe nefilimu kunye nembewu echanekileyo esele ilungiswe ngamalungiselelo phantsi. Ngaphambi kokutyala, yinto efanelekileyo yokuphatha izilimo eziyi-tubers nge- nitrogen fertilizer .
Iindlela zokulima izitato
Kukho ubuchwepheshe obuninzi bokungena kwesi sityalo. Abahlali behlobo basehlotyeni bahlala besisebenzisa ukutshalwa kwezambane zakutshanje, abalimi abanqwenela ukusuka kwindawo yokutshala i-tuber. Zonke iindlela zokutyala iitapile zifunwa, nganye yazo inezinzuzo zayo, ezenza ukuba zithande phakathi kwabalimi. Ukongeza kwintyatyambo yokutyala kwiifatata zomhlaba ezivulekile zingafakwa phantsi kwefilimu okanye utshani.
Iifatata ezikhulayo kwindawo evulekile
Kwiminyaka emininzi iteknoloji yokutyala iitatata ayitshintshi, iyaqhubeka ifanelekileyo kubalimi banamhlanje:
- Iibhedi zilungiselelwe ukusuka ekwindla, ziphawula umsele we-30 cm nganye kwi-45 cm, emva koko kuvuna, i-resis zezityalo zichithwa, i-waste waste ekhitshini emva kwee-saladi, konke oku kulungelelaniswa ngamacembe awa phantsi (kubalulekile ukuba ungayifaki ngokuqinileyo iindawo eziqinileyo);
- Ngentwasahlobo, kwiimithana ezilungiselelwe, umlotha, ungeze umquba kunye ne-superphosphates;
- Izilimo eziyi-tubers zifakwe kwi-8 cm, efafazwe ngomhlaba;
- xa kwiibhedi iziqu zikhula zibe ngu-15 cm, ziqala ukuhamba, inkqubo iyaphindwa kabini;
- Ukunisela kuxhomekeka kakhulu kwiimeko zemozulu: kwihlobo elomileyo liya kudlalwa, ngexesha lokunisela imvula liyancitshiswa kakhulu, kwaye inyanga ngaphambi kokuvuna.
Ukutyala izitato ngaphantsi komsi
Indawo yokuhlala yokhuni iyakususa uluhlu lweemfuno ezifunekayo, ukumba umhlaba (okwaneleyo ukukhululeka ngokuqhelekileyo), yenza lula ukuthambisa ngenxa yokugcina ukugcina umswakama. Nangona kunjalo, ukulima iifatata phantsi komsila kuthatha indawo ekhuselekileyo yokuhlala, ngaphandle koko yonke imizamo iya kuba yinto engenamsebenzi. Ngaphandle koko, akukho bunzima:
- ukwenza kube lula ukulungiswa komhlaba kuya kunceda iibhedi zendawo yokuhlala kunye nekhadibhodi, kuba bonke ukhula luya kuluxhamla phantsi kwalo kwaye lube ngumchumisi;
- Ukulima kwembatata kuqala ukususela ekupheleni kukaMeyi ukuya ekuqaleni kukaJuni: ama-groove angatyekiyo onke ama-40 cm ayenziwe kumhlaba okhululiwe;
- Yongeza umlotha omncinci phambi kokuba iitshubhu zityalwe ukukhusela ukubonakala kwe-slugs;
- Imbewu kuphela ifafazwe ngomhlaba, ke ihlanganiswe ngotshani ngokucwangcisa malunga ne-45 cm;
- ukwenzela ukuba kwintsimi eyomileyo ayinayo i-slugs engafunekiyo, ukwahlula komgca lukhutshwe nge-eggshell echotshoziweyo;
- amanzi kuphela ngexesha elomileyo;
- ngokukhethekileyo kuya kukunceda ukuvuna, kuba ufuna nje ukukrazula i-hay udibanise iifatata ebusweni, akuyi kubakho i-clod yomhlaba.
Ukuhlakulela iizambatho phantsi kwefilimu
Ifilimu kwishishini lamanje lamanje lilona uncedo oluyimfuneko. Udumo lwayo lukhula minyaka yonke, njengoko kunokwenzeka ukukhulisa izitato ngaphantsi kokukhawuleza kwaye ngaphandle komzamo. Le ndlela ilungele iintlobo zakuqala:
- izilimo eziyizigaxa zikhangele ikhulu, zinokunyamezela iimeko phantsi kwefilimu;
- Sakhetha indawo yokutyala ngokubhekiselele kumzantsi, apho umhlaba ukhawuleza emva kokubanda;
- iifatate zakuqala ezifana ne-loam ekukhanyeni kunye ne-peat bogs, ukuphendula ngokucacileyo ekungeniseni umxube we-30 g we-potassium chloride kunye ne-1 g ye-sulfate yethusi, ihlanjululwe kwisithuba seetitha ezilishumi;
- Ubanzi obubanzi befilimu malunga ne-120-180 cm, xa ukhula izitata zilingana namathathu okutshala, unyuse ukutshala ngo-8 cm;
- Ifilimu isetwe kwisakhelo okanye ibeke ngqo phantsi;
- ulinde u-20 ° C kunye namahlumela okuqala ukuqala umoya wentsuku zonke, ngokukhawuleza ukuba i-thermometer iyatshisa kwaye amahlathi sele afinyelele kuma-25 cm, izimbobo zenziwe ngepateni ephazamisayo kwifilimu;
- Iingubo zokuqala zokugqoka ziwela ngeveki yesithathu emva kokuhluma, uthathe urea kunye ne-ammonium sulphate kwi-dosage ephantsi;
- okwesibini benza i-potassium nitrate kunye ne-potassium sulfate ngaphambi kokuba kuqhume, uhlobo oluthile lwamanzi okanye olomileyo luvumelekile;
- kwixesha lemvula, ukutyilisa akufuneki, ukulinganiswa kwexesha lokumisa lilititha ezingama-50 nganye.
Iindlela zokulima amazambane
Uninzi lwabahlali belihlobo abanethuba lokubeka ibhokisi kwiifestile zabo ngezityalo, balungiselela ngempumelelo ixesha lonyaka kwaye bahluma imbewu yeetamatato, iikomkomini okanye i-eggplants. Kodwa okwenene ukukhulisa izitato ngeendlela zembewu. Ewe, kwaye i-classic tuber version inezinto ezininzi zokuqala. Iimeko zokutyala iitatayi zixhomekeke kakhulu kubukhulu becebo, iinjongo kunye nokuvuna okufunwayo.
Indlela yokukhulisa izitato kwiimbewu?
Iindawo zokuhluma zidinga amaxesha ambalwa, iifatata ezingenasifo ngenxa yezifo, azibonakalwanga kwintlungu engapheliyo, oku kuyindlela efanelekileyo yokufumana izinto zokutyala eziphezulu ngexesha lexesha. Kodwa kunye nokutsalwa okuchanekileyo kweetatate akusinakusindisa kwiinkalo ezithile, kuya kufuneka usebenzise zonke iintlobo zamachiza ukugcina amahlumela angamaqabunga kwaye angabonakaliyo:
- Ukulungiswa kwembewu kubandakanya ukukhuni, ukungena emanzini, okanye ukukhula okukhuthazayo;
- ekupheleni kukaKwindla baqala ukufika kwiibhokisi: umxube wengxenye yomhlaba kunye neengxenye ezine ze-peat uncediswa kunye nezichumisi kunye nokunyanga;
- Imbewu ehlwanyelwe imbewu iyalinywa kwi-5 cm imibhede nganye nge-10 cm kwaye ifafazwe ngesihlabathi (isanti ihlanganiswe kancane ukuze ingahlamba ngexesha lokuthambisa);
- kwimimandla emininzi ifanelekile ukuqhuba iitatati kwiindawo zokugcina izityalo, izithombo ezikhulayo emva kokubonakala kwebhanqa ziqhubeka kwiipatti zepat;
- Ukuphela kukaMeyi kunomtsalane wokutshintshela endaweni evulekile.
Ukutyala iitapile ezinezilimo eziyizigaxa
Nangona indlela ye-tuber ithathwa njengeklasikhi, inezixazululo ezinomdla. Iimpawu zezityalo zezambatho zihlala zivela kwiimeko zokukhula kunye namathuba okuhlala ehlobo:
- Ukongeza kwiindlela eziqhelekileyo eziqhelekileyo phantsi komsila okanye ifilimu, ukutshala kwimizila esetyenzisiweyo, xa izilwanyana zingenakutyelwa kwiitraki, kodwa kwiibhedi zizaliswe ngamasilayidi (apho umhlaba uvuselela ngokukhawuleza, akudingeki ukuba ithululelwe kwaye umswakama ogqithiseleyo uhlala ujikeleza emanzini);
- xa kukho iindawo ezimbalwa kwiziko, hlakulela amazambane kwiingxowa okanye kwiibhedi ezincinci;
- Ezinye izakhamuzi zasehlotyeni zakwazi ukuqonda indlela yokukhula kwimihlathi.
Iimfihlelo zezityalo zepatati ezikhulayo
Indlela efanelekileyo yokucwangcisa ishishini iya kuhlala ivelise iziphumo. Kanye kunye nezindlela ezidumileyo zokutyala kunye nokunyamekela amazambane, kulungele ukuzama izinto ezinjalo:
- Isibilini esicacileyo esichukumisayo asivangeli kuphela amehlo aphezulu, kodwa nakwaphakathi naphantsi, kwaye le shrub enamandla kwaye enemveliso kwixesha elizayo;
- Ukutyala kungcono kwicala ukusuka kumntla ukuya kumzantsi;
- ukuba iiveki ezimbini emva kweentyantyambo zokuphuka iziqu zentaba kwindawo ephakamileyo ye-10 cm, izondlo ziya kubuyela kwiingcambu kwaye zisebenze ngenzuzo yesityalo;
- iintlobo zakuqala zingenziwa ukuba zinike isivuno esiphindwe kabini: emva kokumba, iindawo ezincinci kuphela ziqothulwa kwaye ihlathi libuyiselwa kwindawo yalo, lichithe ibhakethi yamanzi emgodini ngaphambi kokuwa, isiqithi siya kunika isityalo sesibini.
Ixesha lokulima izityalo
Okumangalisayo kukuba, kodwa ukutshala kweetayibhile zakuqala phantsi kwefilimu kuqhutyelwa ngamaxesha athile, ewa ekupheleni kukaMatshi nakwimandulo ka-Ephreli. Ngaphantsi kwefilimu yeqabunga, izilimo eziyi-tubers aziyiyo. Ukuba kuyimfuneko yokutyala kwindawo evulekileyo yindlela yeklasi, kuya kufuneka ukuba ulinde umhlaba ukuba ufudumele ufike kwi-8 ° C. Kwimimandla nganye ngumhla wabo. Ukuqaphela ukufika kwexesha elifunwayo kunokuba kwiimeko ezinjalo:
- ukubonakala kwamapheshana kwi-birch tree kunye nokuvulwa komthi we-bird cherry - uphawu olufanelekileyo lomsebenzi wokuqala, nanko kufaka phakathi ukuvulwa kwama-dandelions;
- Kukulungele ukubona ukubikezelwa kwemozulu kwiiveki ezimbini ezizayo kwimithombo emininzi.
Umanyolo weetayibhite xa utyalwe
Inkqubo yeengcambu yenkcubeko ayiphuhlisi kakuhle, ngoko ke, i-tubers kufuneka ifumaneke ngokukhawuleza ngexesha lokufika, ngaloo ndlela unike isiqalo esihle. Ukukhula nokunyamekela amazambane kuya kuncitshiswa kakhulu yi-fertilizer elandelayo iphoswe ngqo emngxeni:
- bathandwa kwaye bahlonishwa ngabahlali abaqalayo basehlotyeni kunye nabanini-mhlaba abanomdla, kuba yindawo yokugcina i-potassium, i-phosphorus kunye ne-manganese, iyakhupha umhlaba;
- ukwenza umhlaba uphefumlelwe kwaye wenze inani elingenakubalwa elinokubaluleka elinokuba luncedo, ukuphosa emgquba womgquba (ngokulinganayo i-half-liter ye-lit);
- isisombululo esilungileyo nesisoloko sisisigxina - ukongezelela ngexesha lokutshala i-humus, inani lilinganayo.