Izixhobo eziphumelelayo zempembelelo kunye nenkxaso zifuneka kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zoluntu: kwinqanaba likarhulumente, iinkampani kunye nomntu omnye. Ukuququzelela isixhobo esikunceda ukujamelana neenjongo kunye nemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo, ukuphuma kwintlekele kwaye uthumele umntu okanye iqela labantu ukuba benze utshintsho olutsha.
Ukuququzelela - yintoni na?
Inkqubo yokuququzelela iquka ummandla wempembelelo njengengqungquthela yeqela, kunye noluntu. Ukuququzelela kukukhokhnoloji engekho lathiso lwenkxaso kunye noncedo olusebenzisa kwi-arsenal yayo esebenzayo ngokweenzululwazi, izixhobo kunye nobuchule obunceda umntu okanye umqokelelwane ukuba athole isisombululo esiphezulu sokufikelela kwiziphumo zeenjongo ezibekiweyo.
Umququzeleli ngubani?
Ubuntu bomququleli ngokwayo luxhobo esinamandla esinempembelelo. Umququzeleli ungumqeqeshi oqeqeshelwa ngokugqithiseleyo kwezobuchwepheshe bokunxibelelana kunye nokukhokela inkqubo yokuququzelela. I-International Association of Facilitators yasungulwa ngo-1989 kwaye ibandakanya ≈ abantu abayi-1,300 abavela kumazwe angama-63-zonke ezo ziingcali kwizinga eliphezulu, ukuququzelela iingxoxo kunye nentsebenziswano kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo. UTony Mann uyinkokeli ehamba phambili yokulungiselela, unikezela ubuntu bomququzeleli ngezakhono ezilandelayo:
- unokukwazi ukukhokela kunye nokwenza ingxoxo ngendlela efanelekileyo;
- Ukwahlula izicombululo eziyimpumelelo ezibonakalayo, ekuqalekeni, ekuphumeleleni, kodwa ngokufihlakeleyo "iingcambu" zezisombululo;
- uthatha ingozi, akesabi ukushiya ummandla wokhuseleko ukudala iteknoloji entsha kwaye uyilungele imeko efanelekileyo ngoku;
- uyakwazi ukulawula iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zamaqela;
- uhambelana nazo zonke iifom zeengxoxo kunye neentlanganiso;
- idibanisa izixhobo ezahlukeneyo kunye nobuchule ukufumana izisombululo;
- ngokukhawuleza ukuphendula ubunzima obuye bavela phakathi kwabathathi-nxaxheba kwaye baqalisa inkqubo yokulwa;
- uxinzeleleke ;
- ihlale ivulelekile kubantu kunye noshintsho oluthile.
Ukuququzelelwa kukuphi na ukungafani nokumodareyitha?
Kukho imbono eyahlukeneyo kwiinkqubo zokuququzelela nokumodareyitha. Ezinye iingcali zithi ukuququzelelwa kunye nokumodareyitha - inqobo yinkqubo efanayo, ichaza ukuba ukumodareyitha ligama lemvelaphi yaseJamani, ichaza imisebenzi efana nokuququzelela. Ezinye iingcali zokucebisa zibona ezi nkqubo zifana, zixhasana, kodwa ngokwahlukileyo:
- Ukumodareyitha (ukukhusela, ukukhusela) yinknoloji enzima ngakumbi: ukulungiswa kwenzeka kwiifom ecacileyo yengxoxo, ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka kwesinye isihloko.
- Ukuququzelela i-teknoloji eguquguqukayo esebenzisa ukumodareyitha njengenye yezixhobo. Kule nkqubo, izixhobo ezahlukeneyo zokuncedisa zisetyenziselwa ukubonakala (ukubonakala): Abayili bee Lego, iikholeji, imidwebo. Abathathi-nxaxheba bakhululekile ukukhetha izihloko kwaye banokuhambisa kunye nokusebenzisana kwezihloko ezahlukeneyo kwamanye amaqela.
- Ukumodareyitha kunokusetyenziswa njengeteknoloji kwifom yentlanganiso: "ingxoxo yengxaki", intlanganiso nentloko.
- Ukulungelelanisa kufanelekile ukuxazulula iingxaki zongquzulwano, ukwamukela izisombululo ezintsha ezidibeneyo, ngelixa ufaka ubuchwepheshe obutsha.
Ukuququzelelwa kwezenhlalakahle kunye nokuvinjelwa
Iziganeko ezibini zentlalo, ukuququzelelwa kunye nokuvinjelwa, zingabonwa ngokufanayo kwiqela labantu abafumana kwimeko efanayo kunye neemeko ezibonakala zifana. Inhibition ibonisa ukungonakaliswa komsebenzi womntu ophantsi kolawulo lwabantu abangaphandle, ngokuphambene nokuququzelelwa, xa ubukho bokubabukeli kubangela ukuqhutyelwa komsebenzi phakathi kwamalungu eqela elibandakanyekileyo kwintlobo ethile yezoshishino. Kutheni le nzekayo okanye loo mpawu ivela, uDkt. Myers (isazi sengqondo seMerika) uye wabonisa izizathu ezininzi:
- Iimoya- ezimbi zibangelwa umonakalo wokubambisana , okulungileyo kuqinisa ukuququzelela.
- Ukwesaba ukuvavanya - ukungena kwabantu abangaziwa, okanye abo abanombono ongathandabuzekiyo banokwandisa umonakalo nomsebenzi wabanye abathathi-nxaxheba, kodwa banokukhuphaza ukukhuselwa kwemveliso kwabanye.
- Abameleli besinye isini kubaphulaphuli- abafazi kunye namadoda bangaqala ukwenza iimpazamo kwimisebenzi enzima ukuba kukho ababonayo ngesini esahlukileyo kubaphulaphuli. Kwimeko yokuququzelela, iinkqubo zomsebenzi ziphucula ngokuchasene.
Ukuququzelelwa kwezentlalo kunye nobuvila
Impembelelo yokuququzelelwa kwintsebenzo yokunyuka okuhlangeneyo, ukuba inxalenye yenkxaso yomntu ngamnye inxaxheba iqwalaselwe kwaye ihlolwe ngesizathu esifanayo. Ubuvila bezenhlalakahle yinto yokuqala efundwa nguprofesa waseFransi kwintsimi ye-agroengineering M. Ringelman. Inzululwazi yenze inzame yokuzama ukulwa nempi kunye nokuphakamisa izisindo ezinzima - yafika kwisiphelo: ngaphezulu kweqela labantu, umzamo omncinci usebenza yilungu ngalinye leqela. Kukho ukuphumla nokunciphisa uxanduva kunye nokukhuthaza - umphumo wobuvila.
Iintlobo zokuququzelela
Ukuququzelela njengendlela yokunceda kuyimfuno kumaninzi emisebenzi yabantu kwaye ihlulwe kwiintlobo:
- Ukuququzelelwa kwezenhlalakahle kukubona kunye nokufundisisa imisebenzi yabantu phambi kobukeli bangaphandle.
- Ukuququzelelwa kwengqondo yinkqubo evela kwiindawo ezifana ne-K. Rogers-psychotherapy ejoliswe kubaxhasi kunye neengqondo ezintle. Ukuququzelelwa kwengqondo yinkqubo yenguqu, apho ubuhlobo phakathi kwabantu kunye nehlabathi bubaluleke kakhulu. Izakhono zokuququzelelwa kumsebenzi weengcali zengqondo zikunceda ukugqiba ixesha lokuqalisa inkqubo yenguqu kumntu, ukukhuthaza ukuphuhliswa nokutshintsha umbono womthengi wehlabathi ukuba luncedo ngakumbi.
- I-Ecofascilation yintsebenziswano kunye noqhagamshelwano lomntu kunye nendalo.
- Ukuququzelelwa kwezemidlalo - inkxaso kumaqela okanye abadlali abathile ukuphucula ukusebenza kwabo.
- Ukuququzelelwa kwabafundisi - ukuchazwa kwamakhono omntwana.
IMigaqo yoLungiselelo
Ukuququzelelwa kumsebenzi kunye kunye nomntu siqu kubandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwemigaqo esekelwe kwiinjongo kunye neenjongo. Imithetho jikelele yomququzeleli:
- ukufundisisa inkqubo ngokuchasene nesazisi;
- ukuvuleka nokuthembeka kubantu;
- bonke abathathi-nxaxheba kwinkqubo balingana;
- yonke imbono ibalulekile;
- bonke abantu banengqiqo, kwaye banokusombulula iingxaki.
Iinkqubo zoQeqesho
Izixhobo zokuququzelela zininzi kunye nesicelo sabo kuxhomekeke kubukhulu beqela kunye nokubunjwa kwabathathi-nxaxheba. Izisiseko zobuchule bokuququzelela:
- "Inkqubela yexesha elizayo" - inzuzo yendlela kukuba inceda ukufaka yonke inkampani emsebenzini ukuya kubasebenzi abaqhelekileyo. Yibanjelwe kwifom yeenkomfa zenkampani.
- "Phuma ngaphaya / Phuma" - ubuchule bubonelela ngokukhawuleza kwenkampani, uphuhliso lwezinto ezintsha, inkcubeko. Ukuxhaswa-intetho evulekile yabaphathi kunye nabasebenzi kwiinjongo kunye neenjongo. Ukuphunyezwa kweendlela ezifanelekileyo ekusebenzeni.
- "I-Brainstorming" - kukho ukuqokelela yonke imibono ngaphandle kokuhlenga "okubi" kwaye "kuhle." Injongo kukufumana "isisombululo", esingaqhelekanga, kodwa isisombululo esisebenzayo.
- "Ukugqitywa kweengcamango" kwindlela ekuncedayo ukucacisa ukucinga kwangaphambili kwimeko. Umququzeleli ubahlula abathathi-nxaxheba ukuba babe "nethemba" kunye "nabangathembeki". "Iingcali" zichaza oko inkampani iya kufumana ukusungula iteknoloji entsha, "iindwendwe" ziqikelela ukulahlekelwa okulahlekileyo.
- "Vula indawo" - ivumela ixesha elifutshane (1.5 - 2 iiyure) ukuqokelela zonke iingcinga kunye nezimvo ezikhoyo. Abasebenzi bayabuzwa imibuzo eninzi ngezihloko. Inkulu kunye neteknoloji yindlela yokubandakanyeka komqeshwa ngamnye kwiinkqubo ezenzeka kwinkampani.
Ukuququzelela kwiPedagogy
Impembelelo yokuququzelela intlalo ibonakala ngokucacileyo kumaziko emfundo. Umqeqeshi-titshala, njengoko umntu ephendula zonke iimfuno zanamhlanje kunye nemibuzo yolwazi - ngoko uK.K Rogers acinga. Inkqubo yokuququzelelwa kwintsebenzo yotitshala iboniswe kule ngongoma elandelayo:
- umoya we-psychological support of the student;
- umdla kumfuno neemfuno zabafundi;
- Inkqubo yemfundo ehlelwe ngobuchule;
- ukuqonda ihlabathi langaphakathi labantwana;
- ukukwazi ukuveza ngokucacileyo amava abo.
Ukuququzelela kwishishini
Inkqubo yentsebenziswano yentlalontle isetyenziswe ngokufanelekileyo ngabaququzeleli ekuqhubeni iintlanganiso, iindibano, iindidi ezijikelezayo kwiinkampani nakwiinkampani. Ukuququzelela kwishishini linemiba emihle:
- ukwandisa ukusebenza kwabasebenzi;
- ukwandiswa kwabasebenzi;
- ukuphuhliswa kwabasebenzi;
- ukudala indawo ephephile yengqondo;
- ukuqaliswa kobuchwepheshe obutsha kwi shishini.
Ukuququzelelwa kwimidlalo
Umgaqo wokuququzelela kwizengqondo zezemidlalo usekelwe kwiimeko apho umdlali okanye iqela liphantsi kweliso lweqela elikhulu labantu. Injongo yomqeqeshi kukuqinisa nokuxhasa zonke iinguqu ezintle eziza kubakhokela abadlali kwiimpawu ezingcono kunye nokunciphisa ingozi yokuvalwa. Ukuququzelela kwizemidlalo kujoliswe ku:
- ukufunda ukufunda umdlali;
- ukuqinisa umoya weqela;
- iinjongo ezongezelelweyo kunye noxanduva lokubangela;
- ukusebenzisana ngempumelelo phakathi komqeqeshi kunye nabadlali.
Ukulungiselela - uncwadi
Ukuququzelela iteknoloji ekufunekayo kwihlabathi lanamhlanje eliqulethe izixhobo ezifanelekileyo zoncedo lweengqondo, ootitshala kunye nabaphathi beenkampani. Iincwadi zokulungiselela:
- Ulwalamano lwentsebenziswano ekuququzeleleni ukufundisa "K.R. Rogers. Ubani umququzeleli ekufundiseni - i-monograph, efanelekileyo ekufundeni ootitshala.
- "Ukuguqula iingxoxo" Fl. Funch . Izindlela ezilula, kodwa eziyimpumelelo yokuguqulwa komntu.
- " Iimodyuli zokusetyenziswa ngokubanzi" Fl. Funch . Le ncwadi ichaza iindlela ezinceda usebenze inkqubo yenguqu ukusuka kumxhasi.
- "Ndingayifaka njani igolide, isebenze namaqela." Ukuququzelelwa ngokwenza "UT . Kaiser . Iindlela ezichazwe kwisikhokelo ziya kunceda umqeqeshi wezoshishino ukuba azise iqela elisezingeni elitsha.
- "Ingqondo yengqondo" D. Myers . Inkcazo yezesayensi, ngendlela efikelelekayo, ichaza iziganeko zentlalo kunye neziganeko: ukulungelelanisa, ukuchasana kunye ne-sloth.