Ukutshiswa kweekhemikhali kukutshatyalaliswa kwezicubu ngenxa yokuqhagamshelana ne-agent agent-acid, i-alkali, i-kerosene, i-petroli, i-phosphorus, i-bitumen, i-oil ephilileyo, njl. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukutshiswa kweekhemikhali kubonakaliswe emacaleni emilenze, i-trunk, ngokuphindaphindiweyo-ubuso, amehlo, umlomo, umlenze.
Iindidi zokutshisa iikhemikhali
Ngolu hlobo lwe-ejenti yekhemikhali ukwahlula:
- i-acid (burns, nitric, hydrochloric, hydrofluoric nezinye iicidi);
- ukutshiswa kwe-alkaline (i-potassium hydroxide, i-sodium hydroxide, njl);
- ukutshisa i-fluoride (i-hydrofluoric acid);
- phenolic;
- i-phosphoric nabanye.
Ukunakekelwa kokuqala kwonyango kunye nezokwelapha ngenxa yokutshiswa kweekhemikhali kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwe-arhente, ngoko kubalulekile ukwazi kakuhle ukuba yintoni into eyenza umonakalo weethambo.
Amagatya okushisa amakhemikhali
Ngokufana nokutshisa kwe-thermal, ikhemikhali ngokwemfuno yobunzima bomzimba ihlelwa njengolu hlobo lulandelayo.
- I-degree 1 - ihamba kunye nobomvu nokuvuvukala.
- Iidanga ezi-2 - ukuvuvukala okubomvu kwesikhumba, zenziwe iibhanti ezinkulu;
- Iidanga ezi-3 - zonke iindawo zesikhumba zichaphazelekayo;
- Iqondo elingu-4 - ukutshatyalaliswa kufaka amathambo.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuba iimpawu zokutshiswa kweekhemikhali azibonakali ngokuzenzekelayo ngoko nangoko, ngoko ke kunokwenzeka ukuvavanya iqondo lazo kuphela emva kokuncediswa kokuqala. Isiqalo sokuqala sisifo esivuthayo kwindawo apho ikhemikhali ifumane khona, kunye nobomvu obuncinane. Ukuba awuqali ngokukhawuleza, ukutshiswa kuya kuhamba ukusuka kwi-1 ukuya kwi-2 ukuya kwe-3, nokuba i-3, ekubeni le nto iyaqhubeka isenza, ingena ngaphakathi kwiindawo zeethambo.
Uncedo lokutshisa imichiza
Izenzo ezichanekileyo kunye nokutshiswa kweekhemikhali kunciphisa umngcipheko wokulimala komzimba kunye nokwandisa amathuba okuphucula nangokukhawuleza.
- Yeka i michiza. Ukuba loo nto ichithwa kwiingubo, kufuneka isuswe ngokukhawuleza, okanye i-cut cut.
- Gcoba isilonda phantsi kwe-jet epholileyo yamanzi apholileyo 10 - 20 imizuzu, ukuba uncedo lulibazisekile, ixesha lokuhlamba liye landa ukuya kumashumi amathathu ukuya kwimizuzu engama-40.
- Geza isilonda kunye negosa elungelelanisayo.
- Faka isicelo sokugqoka i-gauze yokugqoka (ungasebenzisi ikotoni!).
- Shayela i-ambulensi okanye ukhulule ixhoba kwisikhulu sokutshisa.
Gxuma ngamanzi ayikwazi:
- utshisa kunye ne-lime - ukucima kwayo kuhamba kunye nokukhutshwa komlilo, kunye nezicubu ezichaphazelekayo ziya kufumana ukushisa komzimba; I-lime isuswe esikhumbeni ngendlela eyomileyo, kwaye yatshatyalaliswa;
- ukutshisa kunye ne-organic compounds of aluminium - ukudibanisa namanzi kuphelelwe ngumlilo; I-arhente isuswe esikhumbeni kunye nesisombululo sotywala.
Unyango lwezoshishino
Sula isilonda kunye nesisombululo esingaxhamliyo kwiikhemikhali ezitshisa kuphela emva kokuhlambulula ixesha elide ngamanzi!
- ukutshiswa kwe-alkaline kuthathwa izixazululo ezibuthathaka ze-acids (acetic, boric, lemon);
- ukutshisa i-asidi kusula ngesisombululo se-baking soda;
- Ukutshiswa kwe-phosphoric kudinga ukusetyenziswa kwesigqoko esityiwe nesisombululo se-potassium permanganate okanye i-sulfate ye-copper;
- I-Phenol iyashisa isula nge-ethyl yotywala okanye i-vodka;
- Ukutshisa i-lime kuphathwa ngesisombululo seswekile.
Unyango lwezoshishino
Ukuba ulusu luchaphazeleka yimichiza, kubalulekile ukudibana nodokotela,
Ukuphilisa ukushisa kweekhemikhali elincinci, njenge-thermal, kuncedwa ngamachiza afana nePenolol, i-Vishnevsky amafutha, i-Solcoseryl. Njengoko i-antiseptics isebenzisa iziyobisi ezisekelwe kwinqwelo yesilivere kunye nezobisi ze-iodine. Ukwahlula ngokuchasene ukuba usebenzise ukutshiswa kwilonda ekutshiseni kwamakhemikhali ngokuxhomekeka kwindlela yokupheka kwamanye amazwe kunye namanye amayeza angenawo oyinyumba.