I-Hemoblastoses idibanisa iqela elikhulu lezifo ezibulalayo ze-lymphatic and hematopoietic system. Zibonakaliswe ngokuhlukana okungalawulwayo kunye nokuqokelela kwiimfucu zeeseli ezingapheliyo zamanzi eziphilayo ezilahlekelwe amandla okuzikhethela.
Iintlobo zesifo somhlaza wegazi
Ukuchazwa kweentlobo ze-pathologies zahlula kwiindidi ezi-2:
- i-leukemia (inkqubo);
- lymphomas (kwingingqi).
Umdlavuza wegazi kwabasetyhini uqhelekileyo kwindlela yokuqala, ubizwa nangokuthi i-leukemia okanye iprotheniosis. Ngokwemiqathango yamanje, izifo eziphazamisayo kunye ezingapheliyo ziyaziwa. Kwimeko yokuqala, i-leukemi iza kule fomu elandelayo:
- monoblast;
- lymphoblastic;
- myelomonoblast;
- erythromyeloblast;
- myeloblast;
- engenziwanga;
- megakaryoblastny.
Ifomu engapheliyo yesifo imelwe yi-leukemias:
- myeloma;
- basophilic;
- myelocytic;
- eosinophilic;
- myelomonocytic;
- neutrophilic;
- leyemiaid leukemia;
- Isifo sikaCesari;
- i-thrombocythemia ebalulekileyo;
- monocytic;
- i-polycythemia eyiyo (erythremia);
- i-lymphocytic leukemia ;
- i-histiocytosis X;
- Isifo esinezintlu ezinzima zikaFranlin;
- I-macroglobulinemia yaseprayimari yaseWaldenstrom.
Impawu zokuqala zomhlaza wegazi kwabasetyhini
Ngexesha lokuqhubela phambili kwe-leukemia inani elikhulu le leukocytes elikhulayo liqokelela kwi-biological fluid. Baxilonga umdlavuza wegazi - iimpawu kubasetyhini ngenxa yokudakalisa kwenkqubo yokuzivikela komzimba kunye nokujikeleza. Ukubunjwa kunye neepropati ze-biofluid ziyahluka, ezikhokelela ekuphazamiseni zonke izitho zangaphakathi kwaye zikhupha i-anemia.
Ukuchonga iimpawu zomhlaza wegazi kwinqanaba lokuqala kunzima, umfanekiso wakhe weklinikhi awuxhomekekanga. Izibonakaliso ezibonakalayo zezifo ezinzima zihamba kunye nezinye izifo zesimiso se-hematopoietic. I-symptomatology ephawulekayo, ngokubhekiselele kuyo kulula ukukrokrela i-hemoblastosis, ibonakala kamva, xa i-leukemia iqhubela phambili ngokukhawuleza.
Umdlavuza wegazi - amanqanaba
Oogqirha bahlukanisa izigaba ezine zokuphuhliswa kwesifo. Ngamnye wabo unemiqondiso eyahlukeneyo yeklinikhi. Iimpawu zomdlavuza wegazi kwiimvavanyo zakuqala zinzima ukuhlula, ngoko ke zingakwazi ukubonwa ngeenyanga eziliqela. Ukuba i-leukemia iyaqhubeka kwifomu engapheliyo, ukubonakaliswa kwayo kudla ngokungekho ngokupheleleyo, kwaye ikliniki iya kubhengezwa kakade kwizigaba ezihamba phambili ze-hemoblastosis.
Umdlavuza wegazi - isigaba 1
Ulwahlulo olungalawulekiyo lwe-leukocytes olungenangqiqo luhambelana nokutshabalalisa ngokukhawuleza kwimisebenzi ye-immune system. Ngenxa yokukhuseleka komzimba, isigaba sokuqala somdlavuza wegazi sibonakala ngokunyuka kwintsholongwane kunye nezifo zokuphefumula rhoqo. Ubuthathaka obusoloko buninzi, ukunyuka kwanda, ukulala nokunganakwa kubonwa. Ngeli nqanaba, ngamanye amaxesha umhlaza wesifo segazi - iimpawu kubafazi:
- ukubuyela kwakhona kwe-bronchitis engapheliyo, stomatitis, pharyngitis;
- ukuphefumula okufutshane;
- kwanda ukujuluka, ngakumbi ebusuku;
- nciphisa ukutya.
Umhlaza wegazi - isigaba 2
Ukusasazwa okusebenzayo kwamalungu omzimba angabalulekanga kubangele ukuqokelela i-leukocytes engaphantsi kweengxube, ukubunjwa kwe-tumor neoplasms. Oku kubangela ukuba iimpawu ezilandelayo zomhlaza wegazi kubafazi:
- ukugqithisa isikhumba;
- Ukwandiswa kwesibindi, i-lymph nodes kunye nepen;
- ukubonakala kwemivimbo kunye nokutyunjwa okuncinci;
- ukugquma kunye nokomisa kwesikhumba;
- ukuvuvukala kunye neentlobo zegazi;
- ukulahleka komzimba;
- ukugula ngokukhawuleza ("ukugula kolwandle").
Umdlavuza wegazi - isigaba 3
Ukuphucula i-hemoblastosis ngokukhawuleza kwenza ukuba umonakalo kuzo zonke iinkqubo zangaphakathi kunye nezitho, ziphule imisebenzi yazo. Kule nqanaba, umdlavuza wegazi ufumaneka ngokulula - iimpawu zesifo kubafazi:
- isicefe
- ukungabi nesidlo, ngamanye amaxesha i-anorexia;
- ukuphuma ngegazi rhoqo (ukusuka emphumpeni, kwizinsini);
- kwanokuphikisa kumnandi kumnandi;
- utshintshe kwintetho;
- ukucima;
- intlungu emlonyeni, amaqumrhu namathambo;
- i-lymph nodes evuvukileyo kwi-groin, entanyeni, phantsi kweempuphu;
- ukunciphisa ubuqhetseba obubonakalayo;
- intloko;
- ukuhlanza;
- umkhuhlane.
Kukho imbonakalo ethile yesini ebonisa umdlavuza wegazi - iimpawu kubasetyhini zingaquka:
- ininzi kunye negazi eliphuma rhoqo;
- elide ngenyanga;
- intlungu engenakubekezeleka ekuqaleni komjikelezo wesini.
Umdlavuza wegazi - isigaba 4
Ekuhambeni kwexesha, izigaba zesifo segazi, izigulane zegulane zinezicubu ezinobungozi, ezinokukhawuleza. Iimpawu ezibonakalayo kwiimpawu ze-ecological help help confirm the cancer of the blood - isigaba sokugqibela sibonakaliswe yimpawu ezilandelayo:
- bushushu;
- ukuphuma kwamanzi kwangaphakathi;
- ukusika, ukungaboni ukucoca, ubuhlungu besisu;
- i-cyanosis yezipikili kunye nemilebe;
- Ubumnyama obumnyama ngaphantsi kwamehlo, kubonakala ngokucacileyo ebusweni obunobomi obufa;
- zixhala;
- iimeko ezinesifo;
- kulala;
- ukudandatheka;
- ukuphefumula xa uphefumula;
- intlungu entliziyweni;
- tachycardia;
- ukucoca rhoqo;
- ukuphulukiswa kakubi kwamanxeba amancinci kunye nemijelo kunye nezinye izibalo.
Umdlavuza wegazi kwabasetyhini - bahlala phi?
Ukugxekwa kwe-hemoblastoses kuxhomekeke kwinqanaba lokusabalalisa i-leukocytes engaphantsi, umsebenzi wezokwahlula kunye nokuqokelela kwezicubu. Akukho nto ebangela ukuba iimpawu zeengcingo zegazi kubafazi - zingaphi zihlala kunye nokuxilongwa, zichongiwe kwisigaba sokuqhubela phambili kwe-leukemia, ifomu kunye nobume bekhosi. Ekuqaleni kwamanyathelo okuphuhliswa kwezilwanyana ezinzulu, amathuba okuphulukiswa ngokupheleleyo aphezulu kakhulu, afikelela kuma-100%.
Ukuba isifo sifinyelele kwizigaba ezi-2-3, isigulane sinobudala obuhloniphekileyo okanye isifo esingapheliyo, umlinganiselo weminyaka emihlanu ukususela kwi-24 ukuya kwi-90%. Kwimiqathango engama-4 ye-hemoblastosis yokugula kakubi kuthathwa njengongenakuphulukiswa, kwaye izibikezelo ziyadumaza. Kule meko, unyango lukwandisa impilo kunye nesimo sengqondo.
Umhlaza wegazi - iimpawu kubasetyhini, iimvavanyo
Ukuqinisekisa ukusola kwe-leukemia, i-oncologist yenza uvavanyo lomzimba lwesigulane, iqokelela i-anamnesis, ize ibone iimviwo ezininzi zeebhutri kunye nezixhobo. Ukuxilonga, ukuqwalasela kuphela iimpawu ezibhalwe kuyo umdlavuza wegazi kwabasetyhini, akunakwenzeka. Imiqondiso engentla ingabonisa nezinye izifo ze-hematopoiesis. Ukufumanisa umdlavuza wegazi kwinqanaba lokuqala kunzima kunokuba ufumane i-hemoblastosis kwisigaba sokugqibela sokuqhubela phambili. Ukuqinisekisa isifo esityhilwayo, kuzo zonke izigaba iindlela ezifanayo zisetyenzisiweyo.
Umdlavuza wegazi ufumaneke njani ekuqaleni?
Okokuqala, iingcali zikhokelela isigulane ukuba sinikeze i-biological fluid ngokuhlalutya ngokubanzi. Iimpawu zokuqala zomdlavuza wegazi kubafazi ziyabonwa ukuba:
- izinga leeplatelets liyancipha kakhulu;
- kwi-biological fluid zininzi zeeseli ezingafuthanga;
- i-hemoglobin encinci.
Uvavanyo lwegazi aluyi kunika impendulo epheleleyo, ngoko i-oncologist ikhetha isifundo se-body hemopoietic - ithambo lomongo. Ukwenza oku, enye yezi ndlela zilandelayo zisetyenziswa:
- biopsy;
- ukugqithiswa kwangunaphakade ;
- trepanobiopsy.
Ukuchonga uhlobo luni lomhlaza olwenzekayo, i-immunophenotyping yenziwa. Olu luhlalutyo olukhethekileyo olwenziwe ngeteknoloji ye-cytometry. Ukuze ufumane ulwazi oluphezulu, iifomethi ze-genetic kunye ne-cytogenetic ziqhutywa. Banikezela ukufumanisa okungaqhelekanga kwe-chromosomal ecacisa i-subtype ye-leukemia, iqondo lokutshatyalaliswa kwayo kunye nezinga lokuqhubela phambili. Ukongezelela, iifomological pathologies zitholakala kwiqondo leemodeli.
Ezinye i-oncologists zinika ezinye iinkqubo zokuxilonga ezikunceda ukuba zifumane iisilini ze-tumor kunye nama-neoplasms emzimbeni, ukuvavanya umlinganiselo wonakalo kwiinkqubo zangaphakathi kunye nokukhula kweemastastases:
- uviwo lwe-cerebrospinal fluid;
- i-imagination yamagnetic imaging nge-ejenti eyahlukileyo;
- i-X-ray esifubeni;
- i-tomography yengingqi yesisu kunye nengqondo;
- electroencephalography;
- ukuxilongwa kwe-ultrasound yezitho zangaphakathi;
- dopplerography.