Lo mhlaza ukhula kwiesini zomntu ongaphezu kweminyaka engama-50 ubudala, kwaye imbangela yayo eyona nto ibangelwa yimveliso ye-carcinogen. Phakathi kwezinto ezikhuselayo - ukutshaya, ukungcola kwendalo, iimpawu zomsebenzi. Iimpawu zokuqala zomhlaza wemiphunga zisoloko zingabonakali, yingakho isifo sifumaneka kumanqanaba okugqibela. Nangona kunjalo, kunye nokuxilongwa ngokukhawuleza, amathuba okufumana unyango oluhle akhula.
Impawu zokuqala zomdlavuza wamaphaphu
Ngokuqhelekileyo isifo sifumaneka kwiimviwo eziqhelekileyo kunye nokuhlolwa kwe-X-ray. Ngenxa yobuninzi beempawu zesifo, akunakwenzeka ukuxilonga izikhalazo zodwa. Ngaphezu koko, kunzima ukuba isigulane sibone ubukho besifo kuye. Akudingeki ukuba uthembele kuwe xa unesifo se-malaise, kodwa ukutyelela ugqirha lowo, emva kokuvavanya ngokucophelela, uya kukwazi ukwenza isigwebo.
Isizathu sokukhathazeka kunye nonyango yizifo ezilandelayo, eziyimpawu zokuqala zomhlaza wamaphaphu ezenzeka ekuqaleni.
Enye yeempawu eziphambili ezifunekayo ukufumanisa umdlavuza ngumkhuhlane. Kubalulekile ukuyichaza ngokucacileyo ngendlela enokwenzeka ukuze ugqirha uhlalutye ngeenkcukacha. Kwizigaba zokuqala, ukukhwehlela kunomile okanye kumanzi, kwaye ubukhulu bayo abuxhomeki ngexesha lemihla. Emile kunokutshintsha kumanzi kunye nangokwempela.
Kuyingozi ukuba ukukhwehlela ngokukhawuleza kuyeke ngenxa yokucinywa kwe-reflex. Oku kuthethwa ngokuxhatshazwa.
Kubalulekile ukuthobela ingqalelo ebalulekileyo impawu njenge-hemoptysis. Esi sici sisici esahlukileyo se-oncology esiqalile. Ngelo xesha, ubuninzi kunye nombala wegazi eliqhelile lihlukile kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo. Kuxhomekeke kwinqanaba lesifo kunye neempawu zesakhiwo se-tumor. I-Hemoptysis kwezinye iimeko zibonisa ukuphuhliswa kwesifo sofuba .
Esinye isibonakaliso sibonakaliso sisifo esibuhlungu. Ukubonakala kwayo kubonisa ukuqala kokugqithisa kwe-tumor kwi-pleura. Leyo mpawu ingasekho kwizigulane ezininzi, ngenxa yokuba ukuxilongwa kukukhathazeka.
Ngokuqhelekileyo xa kukho ukungcola kwegazi kwi-sputum, izigulane ezininzi ziya kugqirha. Nangona kunjalo, lo mqondiso ungathetha ngesigaba esiphezulu sesifo.
Ukuphuhliswa kwe-oncology kubonakaliswa nje kuphela ngokubonakala komkhuhlane. Esi sifo sihamba kunye nolwahlu olulandelayo lwezifo:
- ukuvuvuka rhoqo kwemiphunga kunye ne-bronchitis, isizathu sokuba kunzima ukuqinisekiswa;
- ukuphefumula ubunzima, ukuphefumula okufutshane , okuvela ekukhuleni kwendawo echaphazelekayo;
- ukwanda kwindlubhiso yomzimba kwiimilinganiselo ezincinci;
- Ububele kwisifuba, apho intlungu igxininisa kwindawo echaphazelekayo kwaye akunakwenzeka ukuyilahla;
- ukuphulwa kwentlawulo yenhliziyo, edla ngokudibana ne-angina.
Ukongeza, kwinqanaba lokuqala, iimpawu zomhlaza wemiphunga zihamba kunye nezi zilandelayo zibonakaliso:
- ubuthathaka kunye nokunyaniseka;
- ukuhla kobunzima;
- uzive ukhathele;
- ukungakhathaleli, ukudandatheka.
Ngokuzimela ukuzama ukuchaza ukuxilongwa akufanele kube. Kungcono ukuchaza imeko yakho kwingcali ngokuchanekileyo ngokunokwenzeka.
Iimpawu zokuphuhliswa kwesigaba sokuqala somhlaza wemiphunga
Esi sifo kwisigaba sokuqala sibonakaliswa yimpawu emnene. Ngoko ke, ixesha elide lidlulayo lingabonakali. Isizathu sokuba uye kugqirha kukukhathala nokukhathala, okukuphela kweenyanga ezininzi.
Kule nqanaba, isisu asikafiki ubukhulu obukhulu, kodwa i-lymph nodes sele ibandakanyeke kwinkqubo yokugula. Kule meko, ezimbini iintlobo ziyahluka:
- I-1B, apho ubungakanani besisu bububanzi be-3 kuya ku-5 cm;
- 1A, apho engadluli kwi-3 cm.