Ulwaphulo lwe-radiation kwi-oncology lenye yeendlela eziphambili zokuphatha ii-cancer ezahlukeneyo. Isekelwe kwimisebe ye-ionizing, eyenziwe yi-device ekhethekileyo ene-radioactive source source. Akunceda kuphela ukunciphisa isisu ngokusayizi, kodwa kwakhona ukuphelisa ngokupheleleyo.
Iindidi zonyango lwemitha
Ukunyanga kwamayeza kuninzi kusetyenziswa kwi-oncology, kuba kwenza ukuba kube lula "ukubetha" kwi-tumor. Iiseli ze-Cancer ziyakhathalela imisebe ye-ionizing. Xa i-irradiated, ihlukaniswe ngokunyanisekileyo kwaye iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zenguqu zenzeke kwi-tumor, kwaye izitya ezondlayo zincinci. Ngenxa yoko, uyafa. Kule meko, iiseli eziqhelekileyo aziyi kuqonda i-radiation, ngoko ungazithobeli.
Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zonyango lwe-radiation kwi-oncology:
- Ukude - irradiation eyenziwa kumgama omncinane kwesikhumba.
- Ukuqhagamshelana - ifowuni itho ngqo ngqo kwesikhumba.
- Intracavitary - ifowuni ifakwe ngqo kwiziko elenzakalisiweyo (umz., Isopu, isisu, irectum ).
- I-interstitial - umthombo wemisebe ye-radioactive ifakwa kwi-tumor.
Naluphina uhlobo lolo lwazi lusetyenziswa njengendlela yonyango kuphela okanye ngezinye iindlela (i-chemotherapy okanye ukungenelela kwangenelelo). Ngokuqhelekileyo, unyango lwe-radiation kwi-oncology lisetyenziselwa emva kokuhlinzwa ukubulala ngokupheleleyo iiseli zomhlaza, okanye ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa ukuze unciphise ubukhulu besisu. Ikhosi ye-irradiation inokumiselwa ukuba umhlaza uphinde ubuye emva kwexesha elifutshane okanye elide.
Ngubani ongafanelanga u-radiotherapy?
Uphulo lwe-radiation lunempendulo embi. Ukongezelela, i-epithelium yamathumbu kunye neenkqubo ze-hematopoietic ziyaxhomekeka kwi-irradiation. Kwezinye iimeko, ukubuyiselwa komzimba emva kokuba unyango lwe-radiation kwi-oncology luza kunzima kakhulu okanye ngakumbi, imeko yesigulane iya kuba nzima. Ngako oko, ukutyalwa kweemitha zelanga kungenakwenziwa nge:
- baveze iziganeko zokuxhatshazwa;
- umkhuhlane;
- ukubola kwe-tumor ebulalayo, ehamba negazi okanye i-hemoptysis;
- cachexia;
- Ukuhluma kwe-tumor kwiinqanawa ezinkulu okanye izitho ezingenanto;
- umhlaza omkhulu;
- ezininzi zeemitha;
- ukukhulelwa kwegazi;
- leukopenia ;
- thrombocytopenia.
Ulwaphulo lwe-radiation nalo luphikisana nalabo abanezinye izifo ezinzulu ngaphandle kwesisu:
- i-myocardial infarction;
- ukungakwazi ukuphefumula;
- isifo sesifo sofuba, njl
Iziphumo zonyango lomzimba
Kwixesha elide elisasazwayo i-radiation isigulane sibonakala:
- ukubetha;
- owomileyo;
- ukukhangela kwesikhumba.
Xa evelele entanyeni nasentloko kwiimeko ezininzi, iinwele ziphuma kwizigulane kunye neentlebe ziphazamiseka, ngamanye amaxesha kukho ukukhawuleza emqaleni, intlungu ngokugwinya kunye nelizwi. Imiphumo ye-radiotherapy, eyenza i-irradiates izitho kwi-thoracic cavity, inzima. Izigulane zihlakulela ukukhwehlela oomileyo, ukuphefumula okufutshane kunye nobubele besisu.
Iziphumo zomsakazo kwizitho zangasese zingakhokelela eku:
- ukulahleka kwesisindo;
- kunciphisa ukutya;
- ukuphulwa komjikelo.
Izigulane ezininzi zinamava, ihudo kunye nokuhlanza. Ukunyanga kwamayeza kunye ne-oncology yeentlanzi ezinobumbele zivusa ukuqala
Xa le ndlela yokonyango ihlanganiswe ne-chemotherapy, i-neutropenia iyabonwa - ukuhla okubukhali kumgangatho we-leukocytes. Ulwaphulo lwe-radioactive lungakhupha i-cystitis kwaye luphucule i-cardiotoxicity. Ukususela kwimiphumo yokugqibela, eyona nto iqhelekileyo kukuba:
- i-skin atrophy;
- ukulahlwa kokukhula okanye ukuguquka kwethambo elibi;
- ukutshatyalaliswa kweenqanawa ze-lymph;
- i-asymmetry yamalungu ngamnye omzimba.