Ukwindla kunye nentwasahlobo - ixesha apho umzimba womntu unyanzelekile kwiintsholongwane zonyaka, ezibandayo, apho uphawu oluqhelekileyo lukhwehlela. Namhlanje, iinkampani zonyango zibonelela ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokukhupha kunye neepilisi. Ngokukhetha okunjalo, umbuzo wemvelo uvela: zeziphi iziyobisi eziza kukhetha?
Iintlobo zokukhwehlela kubantu abadala - ezibangela unyango
Ubume bulumko balungiselela umzimba womntu, ukubonelela umzimba ngeendlela zokukhusela kunye nezitho ezisusa yonke into engcolileyo, iibhaktheriya, iintsholongwane kunye neetekisi. Enye yale ndlela yokukhusela yinto yokukhwehlela - isenzo esichukumisayo somzimba, enenjongo yokukhupha i-mucus eyenziwe ngenxa yokuvuvukala okanye ukungena kwinkqubo yokuphefumula yento yangaphandle.
Kutheni kukho umkhuhlane?
Iprogram yezitho zokuphefumula zomntu zenziwa nge-epithelium ecetywayo, enezinto ezikhuselekileyo ezinxulumene nama-pathogenic agents. Ngokuchasene nemvelaphi yokunciphisa amandla okukhusela, ukuhluleka kwenzeka emzimbeni kunye nezifo eziphilayo ziwela kwi-trachea, zihla ezantsi ngaphaya kweendlela ezinobunzima, kwaye ukuba awuphatheli izifo ezihambisane nokukhwehlela-inqubo yokuvuvukala ingafikelela kwimiphaphu.
I-reflex yomkhuhlane ivela kwi-medulla oblongata. Izizathu zokukhwehlela:
- umsebenzi wokukhusela (umkhuseli);
- Umsebenzi wokuhlanjululwa - ukukhutshwa komthi onqabileyo kwi-sputum, i-mucus, i-pus, uthuli, iindidi zokutya.
Inkqubo yokuphuhliswa kokukhuhlela:
- Ukuphefumula okunzulu ukuhlala imizuzwana 2-3 kuhambelana nokucaphukisa ngokukrakra kweziphetho zeentsholongwane ze-larynx, ngelixa uvale umlomo.
- Ngaloo xesha, izihlunu ze-bronchial zibandakanya kwinkqubo, kwaye ithoni yayo yanda.
- Izisipha zomzimba ziyaqala ukudibanisa ngokukhawuleza ukunqoba ukuxhatshazwa kwe-glottis evaliweyo.
- Ngenxa yesigxina esiphezulu se-intrathoracic, i-vocal cavity ivule kwaye i-exutation ephoqelekileyo kunye nokuhlukana kwe-sputum kwenzeka.
Iintlobo zokukhwehlela
Ukwahlula kokukhwehlela kumelwe ngamacandelo amabini amaninzi:
- ukukhwehlela ;
- ukukhwehlela okumanzi .
Ukukhwehlela (okungavelisiyo) ukukhwehlela kubonakala ngokungabikho kokuhlukana kwe-sputum, kwahlulwe iindidi:
- bhinqa;
- paroxysmal;
- ixesha elide, elikhawulezayo, kunye nokuthambekela kokuvela kwintambama.
Izizathu zokukhwehlela oomileyo:
- uphawu lokuqala i- ARVI , umkhuhlane kunye nezinye izifo zokuphefumula;
- imikhwa emibi (ukutshaya);
- inkxalabo yezifo ezithintekayo.
Ukukhwehlela okumanzi (ukuvelisa) kuhambelana nokuhlukana kwe-sputum:
- i-paroxysmal, kunye nokunyamalala kweempawu emva kokukhwehlela;
- i-viscous, nge-sputum "engabonakaliyo".
Izizathu zokubunjwa kwekhwehlela emanzi:
- sulelo;
- i-asthma ye-bronchial;
- cystic fibrosis;
- pneumonia;
- sinusitis;
- i-bronchitis ephazamisayo;
- isifo sofuba.
Amacwecwe eCough efficiency
Ukuze uphephe ukukhwehlela kwakusebenza kakuhle, kufuneka udibane nomgqirha okanye ingcali ye-ENT. Ukuzixilonga apha akusifunanga, kuba nawuphi na ukukhwehlela awusisi sifo, kodwa uphawu, kwaye ukhetha ukuzikhethela kwamachiza, unokweqa ixesha elixabisekileyo, kwaye isifo ngokwawo sinokubakho. Iipilisi ze-Antitussive zihlulwe zibe:
- amacwecwe avela kumkhuhlane owomileyo;
- amacwecwe avela kumkhuhlane omanzi.
Iipilisi ezisuka kumkhuhlane owomileyo
Ukukhwehlela okumanzi kunobungozi obukhulu, obuphazamisayo, abuyi kukhupha. Ngokuqhelekileyo kubakho ebusuku nasekuseni. Isikhumba asivelisi, ngoko akukho nto yokusetyenziswa. Iimpawu ezimbi, ukuzama ukukhwaza isigulane. Ngeli xesha, kubalulekile ukuthabatha iipilisi, eziza kuphazamiseka kwiziko lokukhwehlela.
Iipilisi ezinomkhuhlane owomileyo:
- izidakamizwa eziqukethe ikhowudi (i-narcotic), isenzo esiphakathi (umphumo ngqo kwiziko lokukhwehlela kwi-medulla oblongata);
- iziyobisi ezithintekayo zengingqi (yangaphakathi).
Izidakamizwa ezineekhowudi ze-Codeine zibhekisela kwizidakamizwa ze-narcotic kwaye zisetyenziswe kakhulu kangako ngenxa yempembelelo yecala lomlutha, zikhishwa kuphela kwi-odokotela. Iipilisi eziqulethwe ngeCodeine:
- Terpinkod;
- Kodelak;
- Codterpine;
- Tedein;
- Caffetin;
- Nurofen kunye.
I-Antitussive i-action ye-peripheral imelwe kwiimakethi yezobisi. Ukukhethwa kwechiza kukugqithiseleyo ugqirha. Iziyobisi ezinobungqina obuqinisekisiweyo:
- I-Libexin - iipilisi ezincinci kodwa ezisebenzayo ngokuchasiza;
- I-Ambroghexal - inkululeko ifike ngomhla wokuqala okanye wesibini;
- I-Bithidion - iipilisi ezintle zokulwa nokukhwehlela, iziphumo ezingekho mfuneko;
- I-Omnitus-inciphisa ukuhlaselwa okunzima kokukhwehlela;
- Isiphumo se-Glaucin - isithintelo kwisithuba sesithuba seyure emva kokulawulwa;
- I-Falimint - isilwanyana sinomphumela wokuphumla kwi-bronchi;
- I-Tusuprex - ayilumlutha.
Amacwecwe avela kumkhuhlane omanzi
Ukuthetha ngokukhwehlela kwamanzi kunqunyanyiswa kunye nokwamkelwa kwamanye ama-codeine kunye ne-antitussive agents. Iibhulethi ezivela kwisikhubekiso samanzi ziqala ukusebenzisa kwisigaba, xa ukukhwehlela kuvelisa. Amachiza okukhwehlela emanzi (expectorant):
- I-Mukaltin - iipilisi ziqulethe isitshixo se-althea, esinezixhobo ezixhamlayo;
- I-Ambroxol isilwanyana esingabizi kakhulu sokukhwehlela kwamanzi;
- I-bromhexine - i-agent ye-pocolytic esebenzayo enefuthe elixhamlayo kwizifo ezixhatshazwayo;
- I-GeloMirtol intete - inciphisa i-muscus ekhangayo kwaye isisuse kwi-bronchi;
- I-Ascoril - ibonisa i-phlegm, inciphisa intlungu kwisifuba.
Amalungiselelo ekhwehlela ahlangeneyo
Izidakamizwa ze-Antitussive zamanyathelo axubekileyo zinemihlaba emininzi encedo:
- ukukhutshwa kwe-reflex reflex;
- ukuhlenga i-sputum;
- ukukhuthazwa kokuxilongwa;
- ukukhulula kokuvutha;
- i-antibacterial and anti-virus.
Iibhilethi zokukhwehlela kunye nesenzo esihlangeneyo:
- I-Stoptussin - iyeka i-reflex yokukhwehlela kwaye inempahla ye-mucolytic;
- I-ATSTS Iipilisi zamanzi ezininzi ezisuka kwintlambo - zineempembelelo ze-pocolytic ne-expectorant, zisetyenziselwa ukukhwehlela nge-sputum e-viscous;
- Amacwecwe avela kumkhuhlane kunye ne-thermopsis - isisombululo esincinci kunye nesendalo esisetyenziselwa ukukhwehlela oomileyo (kuya kuba ngumveliso), kwaye xa imanzi (ikhuthaza ukukhutshwa kwe-sputum);
- I-Kodelak Broncho - i-antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and impectorant effects;
- I-Vix Active - ikhupha kwaye ibonisa imfihlo yobunqunu.
Iipilisi zokukhwehlela ngexesha lokukhulelwa
Ngexesha lokukhulelwa, umfazi unokufumana ukuhla kwe-immunity kwaye abe ngumngcipheko kwiindawo ezibandayo. Ukukhupha ukukhulelwa ngexesha lokukhulelwa kubalulekile, kodwa ungalimazi njani umntwana ozayo. Ugqirha kufuneka akhethe iipilisi ngefuthe elincinci elincinci. Uluhlu lweepilisi zomkhuhlane ongasetyenziswa ngexesha lokukhulelwa:
- UDkt. Thais;
- Travisil;
- Bronchicum;
- Mukaltin;
- I-Bromhexine (II-III i-trimester).
Ungathabatha njani iipilisi zokukhwehlela?
Isixa kunye nexesha lokuqeshwa kufuneka likhethe ugqirha. Imiyalelo emiselweyo yokusetyenziswa iboniswa kwisiza. Amacwecwe avela kukhwehlela athathe ngaphambi okanye emva kokutya, amaxesha amathathu-4 ngosuku, ahlambuluke ngamanzi ahlambulukileyo. Iimali ezongezelelweyo zisetyenziselwa ixesha 1 ngosuku. Inkqubo yokonyango iintsuku ezingama-5 ukuya kwi-7. Kubalulekile ukukhumbuza ukuba ukuzinyango akuphephile kubomi.