I-CHD (isifo senhliziyo esiswelekileyo) kubantwana kukungaqhelekanga kwe-anatomical yesakhiwo senhliziyo ngokwawo, iimpahla zayo okanye izixhobo zeseva, eziye zavela kwinqanaba lokuphuhliswa kwe-intrauterine. Ubuninzi bawo buba ngu-0.8% ngokubanzi kunye ne-30% yazo zonke iimeko ezimbi. Iintsilelo zentliziyo kuqala kwizinga lokufa kwabantwana abatsha nabantwana abangaphantsi konyaka omnye. Xa umntwana efika kwiinyanga ezili-12, umphumo wempembelelo ebulalayo iyancipha ibe yi-5%.
I-CHD kwiintsana ezisandul 'ukuzalwa - izizathu
Ngamanye amaxesha imbangela ye-UPN inokuba yinto yokuzalwa ngokwemvelo, kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo ivela ngenxa yeempembelelo zangaphandle kumama nomntwana ngexesha lokukhulelwa, oko kukuthi:
- izifo zentsholongwane, umzekelo, rubella;
- utywala, utywala lomama;
- kwamkela amayeza anamandla;
- nzakala;
- nemiphumo yombane.
Ukongezelela, iingcali zichonge inani lezinto ezinokunyusa umngcipheko womntwana one-CHD:
- ukuba unina womntwana ungaphezu kweminyaka engama-35 ubudala;
- ubukho bezifo ze-endocrine kwelinye lamadoda omtshato;
- usongelo lokukhipha isisu ;
- ukuzalwa kwabantwana abafileyo, ukutshatyalaliswa kokusweleka komama;
- isisu;
- ubukho babantwana okanye izihlobo ezise-UPU.
CHD kubantwana - iimpawu
Iimpawu ze-CHD kumntwana ziyabonakala nakwiveki ye-18 ukuya kwe-18 yokukhulelwa ngexesha le-ultrasound, kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo ukuxilongwa oku kunikwa abantwana emva kokuzalwa. Ngamanye amaxesha ukukhubazeka kwentliziyo kunzima ukufumana ngokukhawuleza, ngoko abazali kufuneka baqaphele ezi zilandelayo:
- i-pallor kunye ne- cyanosis yesikhumba kwisantathu esine-nasolabial , izindlebe, izitho;
- ukugquma kunye nokubanda kweepeni nemilenze;
- oko kuthiwa "intliziyo yentliziyo", ebonakalayo kwi-palpation;
- kuzuza u bunzima;
- uvila lomntwana, ukubonakala kokuphefumula;
- imisindo entliziyweni;
- ukubonakala kweempawu zesifo senhliziyo.
Xa iimpawu ezixhalabileyo zifunyenwe, abantwana baqale bajoliswe kwi-intanethi ye-intanethi, i-electrocardiogram kunye nezinye izifundo ezicacileyo.
Udidi lwe-UPU
Kuze kube yimhla, iintlobo ezingaphezu kwe-100 zeentlobo zeentliziyo zengqondo ezikhulelwe, zodwa, ukuhlula kwazo kunzima ngenxa yokuba zihlala zidibene kunye kwaye, ngokufanelekileyo, imiqondiso yeklinikhi yesifo "ixutywe".
Kwabahlengikazi, i-classification elula kakhulu kunye nolwazi, olusekelwe kwiimpawu zesigcawu esincinci sokujikeleza kunye nobukho be-cyanosis:
- iimpembelelo ezinomthwalo ogqithiseleyo wokujikeleza kwegazi kwisangqa encinci;
- ukuphulwa kwesakhiwo se-septum yezenzo;
- ukuphulwa kwesakhiwo se-septum ye-interventricular;
- iimpembelelo ezibangelwa ngumbutho wesangqa esincinci segazi;
- ukuvulwa kweeductus arteriosus;
- tetrad of Fallot;
- i-stenosis ye-pulmonary artery;
- ukuhlanganiswa kwe-aorta;
- ukuguqulwa kweenqanawa;
- i-stenosis ye-aortic aorta;
- iimpembelelo ngokujikeleza kwepmmonary evamile.
Unyango lwe-CHD kubantwana
Impumelelo yonyango lwe-CHD kubantwana ixhomekeke ekuxhaseni kwayo. Ngoko ke, ukuba i-defect ifunyenwe nakwixesha lokuxilongwa kwangaphambi kokubeleka, umama ozayo uphantsi kolawulo olunzulu lweengcali, uthatha amayeza ukuba axhasane nentliziyo yomntwana. Ukongezelela, kulo mzekelo, cetyisa isigaba se-caesarean ukwenzela ukuphepha ukhuseleko.
Kuza kubekho, kukho iindlela ezimbini zokunyanga kwesi sifo, ukhetho luxhomekeke kulolu hlobo kunye nobukhulu besifo:
- ukungenelela kwe-intravascular ngoncedo lwama-occluders, i-catheters, iibhaluni kunye nezinye izixhobo ezinokulungisa isiphako nokubuyisela ukujikeleza kwegazi ngokuqhelekileyo;
- ukuhlinzwa okuvulekile ukuphelisa i-UPU - kude kube kutshanje, yodwa indlela yokonyango.