Umntwana kwiinyanga ezi-4 sele ubonisa intsingiselo kunye nobuchule bokuqala bokuzimela, kodwa usencike ngokupheleleyo kubantu abadala. Umsebenzi womama wengane eneminyaka emine-esekelwe kwimilinganiselo yeminyaka yobudala, ukudala zonke iimeko ezifanelekileyo zokuphuhlisa ngokupheleleyo umntwana ozithandayo.
Ukuphakama nobukhulu bomntwana kwiinyanga ezi-4
Ngokwezimiselo eziqhelekileyo ezamkelekileyo, ubunzima bomntwana kwiinyanga ezi-4 buhluka kwi-5.7-7.7 kg. Umyinge ophakathi kwiphepha le-6.4 kg. Amakhwenkwe, eli nqanaba liphezulu kwaye li-7-7.8 kg. Ngamantombazana, ubunzima phakathi kwe-6.4-7.3 kg kuthathwa njengamkelekileyo. Amanani angentla angakanani ubunzima bomntwana kwisithuba seenyanga ezi-4 anqabile kakhulu kwaye akaqwalaselanga iimpawu zemimvumba, isisindo sokuzalwa kunye nokuzalwa .
Ukuqonda umlinganiselo wesisindo kumntwana othile ngamnye, kungcono ukusebenzisa ifom: 750 g (umgangatho wesethi nganye ngenyanga) wanda nge-4 (iminyaka yobuqhekeza kwiinyanga) kwaye wongezwa ngobunzima bokuzalwa. Isiphumo asipheli, kuba oogqirha bayavuma ukuphambuka kwimiqathango ebalwe ngaphakathi kwe-15%. Kuyafaneleka ukuqonda ukuba ukuphuhliswa okwenziwe ngabantwana ngeenyanga kuyinto engavamile. Ngokuqhelekileyo abantwana bayakhula kwaye banokufumana inyanga enye ngaphezu kwesigqirha, kwaye kwenye inzuzo - isisindo sinokuthi sincinci.
Ukutya komntwana kwiinyanga ezine
Ukutya komntwana kuyimithombo ebalulekileyo yokuphuhlisa nokukhula kwayo, ngoko kuyafaneleka ukuqwalasela oko umntwana angakwenza kwiinyanga ezine kunye nokuba yeyiphi uhlobo lokutya okumele ukuba. Ukuba ufundisa umntwana ukuba adle ngexesha elifanayo, kuya kunceda ukuphucula ukugaya kunye nokwenza kube lula ukunyamekela. Akunabo bonke abantwana abanokufunda lula ulawulo lomhla . Izifo kunye nezinto zangaphandle zinokubangela ukuphazamiseka kulawulo, kodwa kufuneka uzame ukubuyela kwishedyuli sokulala, ukutya kunye nokuvuka.
Umntwana oneminyaka emine ubudala kufuneka adle zonke iiyure ezingama-3.5-4. Ngomhla, uya kufumana ama-feedings angu-5 kunye nobusuku obu-7 kwikhefu lokulala. Abantwana abancinci, kunye nabantwana abanesidlo esinqabileyo banokutya rhoqo kwaye bavuke ukuba badle ebusuku. Kuyinto evamile kwaye ukhansele ubusuku bokusondeza iibhokhwe ezinjalo kangcono kwiminyaka emva.
Iinyanga ezine - ukuncelisa umntwana
Kwiinyanga ezi-4 ubisi lukanina luhlala kumntwana omncinci kakhulu umveliso ofanelekileyo, luquka zonke izinto ezincedo ekukhuleni nasekuphuhlisweni. Oomama abaneengxaki zokuqhwala, oogqirha bezilwanyana batusa ukuba bazame ukugcina izinga elifunekayo lobisi ubuncinane ukuya kwiinyanga ezintandathu. Kwiinyanga ezi-4, iintsana ziqala ukongeza ukutya okutsha ekudleni, kodwa umsebenzi wabo awuyikutya amaqabunga, kodwa ukuziqhelisela ukutya okutsha. Isiqhelo sobisi ngosuku ngemntwana walesi sixa singumthamo we-900-1200 ml.
Ukuphendula umbuzo ukuba zingaphi ixesha lokutya umntwana kwiinyanga ezi-4, oogqirha bezingane bathi umnqweno 5. Ngokwenza njalo, bayancoma ngeli xesha ukuba balele ubusuku bobusuku obunesibhozo. Ezi ngcebiso azifanelekanga oomama, obani ubisi lwebele luveliswa ngokwaneleyo. Ngomlenze obuthakathaka kunqweneleka ukugcina ubusuku besondlo, kwaye isondlo sosuku ngalunye sinokulungiswa ukuya ku-6. Ngelo xesha, umntu kufuneka alawule inzuzo yokunyusa komntwana ukwenzela ukuba aqiniseke ukuba umntwana akalambile kwaye akhula kakuhle.
Umntwana 4 iinyanga - isondlo sokufakelwa
Ukuqonda ukuba umntwana udla kangakanani kwiinyanga ezi-4 ngemini, kufuneka uhlulwe ubunzima bomntwana ngo-6. Ukumisela isiqhelo kwisidlo esisodwa, ukwahlula isantya somhla ngemihla nge-5 (inani lokutya). Ngokomyinge, eli nani liyi 160-180 ml. Iintsana zokufakelwa zihanjiswe ngokukhawuleza kunabantwana ukuya kwintlanu yokutya ngemini kunye nobusuku bobusuku obisixhenxe ngaphandle kokutya. Isidlo sokugqibela sinokuthi sikhulu kunabanye, ukuze umntwana abe nolwane ngokwaneleyo kuze kube sekuseni.
Ukondla umntwana kwiinyanga ezine
Kwiindleko zokuqala , iintsana ezisetyenziswayo zidinga ngaphezu kweintsana, ngoko-ke kwiiveki ezingama-17 ukuya kweye-18 ziyaziswa kwiimveliso ezongezelelweyo zokutya. I-Grudnichkov iphinda ikhuthazwe ukuba yongeze ukutya okutsha, kodwa kungenjalo kwaye ingabi njalo. Iindleko zokuqala zingaba ziinyanga ezi-4 zingaba nekholifulawa, i-broccoli, i-zucchini. Kancinci kamva, yongeza buckwheat okanye oatmeal.
Xa ufaka ukutya okudibeneyo, qaphela le mithetho elandelayo:
- Imveliso nganye ithathwa kwiiveki ezi-1-2.
- Emva kokungeza umntwana ongaqhelekanga kumntwana, ukuphendulwa komntwana kuhlolwe: ukuba kukho ukungabikho komzimba, umkhiqizo uyakhanselwa.
- Ukutya ukutya okuncedisayo kufuneka kube nokuhambelana kwamanzi.
- Ukutya kulandela ukusuka kwipuni.
- Isondlo esongezelelweyo silawulwa kabini ngosuku, ngokuqala nge-1 tsp. kwaye ukwandisa kwisiqingatha sabelo.
- Zonke iimveliso kufuneka ziphekwe kakuhle.
Urhulumente wengane kwiinyanga ezine
Ingane kwiinyanga ezi-4 iqala ukuhamba ngaphezulu kwaye idlala. Usebenza kwaye ufuna ukunakekelwa rhoqo kumntu omdala. Ngendlela efanelekileyo, unako ukufundela umntwana kwi-regimen eya kubakhokelela ekunakekeleni iimvuthu.
Umyalelo weemvumba ezinyangeni ezine ziyakwenza oku:
- 6.00 - 8.00: umntwana uyashukunyiswa, ahlambuluke, aguqulwe, asebenze kunye naye, atywe kwaye athabatheke;
- 8.00 - 10.00: umntu olele ulele;
- 10.00 - 12.00: usana luvuka, luhlanjululwa, ludla kwaye ludlalwa kunye nalo;
- 12.00 - 14.00: ukuhamba nokulala komntwana (kwithuba elivulekileyo);
- 14.00 - 16.00: ukondla kunye nokuphuhlisa imidlalo;
- 16.00 - 18.00: ukuhamba, imidlalo kunye nokulala okufutshane;
- 18.00 - 20.00: umntwana usondliwa, uhamba naye, udlala kwaye uhlamba;
- 20.00 - 21.00: ukulala;
- 21.00 - 23.00: imidlalo ephumayo, ukulungiselela ukulala, ukutya okugqibela;
- 23.00 - 6.00: ubusuku bokulala.
Bangaphi umntwana olele kwiinyanga ezi-4
Umntwana oneminyaka emine ubudala uqala ukuba nomdla kwihlabathi langaphandle, ngoko ixesha lakhe lokuvuka likhula. UKroha ufuna ukuthetha nabantu abadala, bahlole izinto baze bafunde. Ngaloo nto, usencinane kakhulu kwaye ukhawuleza ukhathala. Ukuze abuyele amandla akhe, i-karapuz kufuneka ilele malunga nama-14 ukuya kwi-15 iiyure ngosuku. Kwaye iiyure eziyi-7-8 kufuneka zilale ubusuku. Ixesha eliseleyo lihlukaniswe kwiintsuku eziyi-3-4 zokulala kwiiyure eziyi-1-2. Ixesha lokuvuka kunye nobuthongo bomntwana kwiinyanga ezi-4 lunokuphulwa kwanokutshintshwa kancinci ebomini. Ukuze ugweme oku, kufuneka umntu alandele ulawulo lomhla.
Iintsana ezine iintsuku - zilala ngokubi
Umama ngamnye ufuna umntwana wakhe alale kakuhle aze adle, kodwa abantwana abafanelekanga kulo mbandela. Kukho izizathu ezininzi zokuba abantwana bezinyanga ezine belele kakubi:
- ukungabikho komsebenzi wemihla ngemihla, ukungabikho komkhuba wokulala ngexesha elithile;
- utshintsho kwindlela yokulala ukuze ulale: ukucoca, ukuguqula omnye umntu;
- izimo zangaphandle ezimbi ezifana nesandi, ubushushu okanye ubanda;
- umntu unciphise isidingo sokulala, apho ukulala komhla omnye kufuneka kususwe kwaye ixesha eliphakathi kokulala liye landa;
- ukwandiswa kwenkqubo ye-nervous;
- Iimvakalelo ezibuhlungu umntwana angakwazi ukuzixelela.
Iinyanga ezine zokuphuhlisa umntwana
Ukuphuhliswa kwengane ezinyangeni ezi-4 ayinayo i-jerks kunye nejubane eliphezulu. Ngeli thuba umntwana uyaqhubeka ehambelana nehlabathi elijikelezile. Kuye, njengangaphambili, umntu omdala obaluleke kakhulu ngumama. Uqala ukumqaphela, ukukrazula iipenki zakhe, ukuphendula ukumomotheka kwakhe, ukukopa iimoya zakhe. Ingane inomdla umdla, uyayilinda kwaye uzama ukuthetha. Umntwana ezintandathu kwiinyanga zakhe uthanda into entsha, kodwa akayi kulibaziseka ixesha elide. Ngexesha elifanayo ukuzinza kubaluleke kakhulu kuye: uthanda ukulala kuphela kwisibhedlele sakhe aze alale emva kwesithethe esithile: iingoma okanye ukugula kwesifo.
Yintoni okufanele umntwana akwazi ukuyenza kwiinyanga ezi-4
Ingane yenyanga emine ngengqondo nangokwenyama ifezekisa impumelelo ethile kule minyaka. Qaphela ukuba abantwana bahlakulela ngokweenqanaba, ngoko ningakhathazeki ukuba umntwana unomlinganiselo omncinane. Sinikeza uluhlu lwento eyenziwa ngumntwana kwiinyanga ezi-4:
- umntwana unakho, elele esiswini sakhe, aphakamise intloko kwaye, ehlelwe ezandleni zakhe, pha kamisa inxalenye ye-trunk;
- umntwana usenokubuya emva kokuya esiswini nasemva;
- umntwana ususa iingxube kunye nokuxhoma amathoyizi eselula ;
- umntwana usabela kwizandi zamathoyizi, unomdla kubo;
- ubonisa iimvakalelo zakhe: ukumemeza, ukuhleka, ukucaphukisa, ukucaphukisa, ukukhala;
- Ingane inomdla ekuphenduleni kwintetho yabantu abadala, izandi zokuqala zingafaka kwiibllabha zokuqala;
- Ingane iyabamba iminwe eyinikwe yona kwaye ikhuphuke, ukuba uyayiphonsa ngabaphathi;
- ukuba ixhaswa phantsi kwe mouse, iya kuzama ukuncika emilenzeni ephezulu.
Indlela yokuphuhlisa umntwana ezinyangeni ezine
Inene eneminyaka emine ubudala inomdla wokuqhagamshelana nabantu abadala kwaye ilungele ukudlala imidlalo elula. Ngokusekelwe kwinto ekufuneka abantwana bakwazi ukuyenza kwiinyanga ezine, oogqirha babantwana banikeza izifundo ezinjalo malunga nophuhliso lwekarapuza:
- Ukutsala ingqalelo yomntwana ngokuxhoma ifowuni ephathekayo phezu kwesikhala sakhe.
- Bonisa ukukhangela kunye nokuvuselela i-crumb, ukuze ayithabathe esandleni sakhe.
- Dlala ifihla uze ufune, ukumboza ubuso bakho ngezandla zakho.
- Dlala umdlalo "umdlalo wesine".
- Yenza umbhoxo ophuculweyo.
- Mamela iingoma, ngakumbi xa unina uvuma.
- Thetha nomntwana ngeentetho ezahlukeneyo kunye neemvakalelo.
Amathoyizi kubantwana kwiinyanga ezine
Iimpawu zentsana eneminyaka emine ubudala zimele zibe phantsi kwamandla akhe, zitsalane ngombala kunye nesandi kwaye zikhuselekile. Iingcali zengqondo zinika uluhlu olunjalo lwento umntwana angayenza kwiinyanga ezine:
- I-rattles: kufuneka ihluke ngokusemgangathweni, umbala, izandi, kodwa kulula ukuyifumana entendeni kwaye kulula ukuyifaka;
- Iimidlalo zokuzonwabisa: ii-fowuni, iingoma zomculo, iifowuni, xa ucinezelwe, umntwana unokuva isandi. Iibhobho zifakwa phezu kwebhedi lomntwana kwaye zibandakanyiwe ngexesha lokuvusa.
- Amasethi emidlalo. Ngeenyanga ezi-4, unako ukubeka umgca wokudlala, ukubonisa indlela onokuyidlala ngayo.
- Iincwadi zembatho, ii cubes kunye namathoyizi. Iimpawu ezinjalo zenziwe ngengubo ekhuselekileyo, phakathi kwabo kukho iindlela ezizwakalayo. Iimidlalo ezinjalo zingathathwa emlonyeni.
- Iiplastiki kunye namazinyo e-rubber-cutters.
I-Gymnastics yintsana ezi-4
Ekubeni inkonyana eneminyaka emine ihamba incinane kakhulu, ngoncedo lwe-gymnastics kunokwenzeka ukuvuselela ukukhula kwayo kunye nokuphucula umsebenzi wezitho zangaphakathi. I-Gymnastics iyanceda ngakumbi xa umntwana engaphenduli iinyanga ezine kwaye akayibambeli kakuhle intloko. I-karapuzov kule minyaka yokuzivocavoca okunjalo iyiluncedo:
- Inkwenkwe ibeka phezu kwayo kwaye ibeka iminwe yakhe ezandleni zayo. Emva koko, ludonsa ngenyameko umntwana ngokusingatha phezulu, ukuze aphakamise ikhanda kunye nomzimba ophezulu.
- Kwimeko efanayo, iingalo zomntwana zithathwa ngokunye ngokuhamba kakuhle, njengokungathi ibhokisi.
- Kwimeko efanayo kuya luncedo ukwenza ukuzalana nokuwela kweengcambu kwisifuba.
- Ingane ifakwa kwisisu, imilenze ibanjwe ngesandla esisodwa, okwesibini kufakwe phantsi kwesisu. Ngoko, pha kamisa umntwana emoyeni imizuzwana embalwa.
- Umncinci ubeka kwi-back and alternately, kwaye emva koko uyadonsa imilenze kwisisu.