Ukuhlobisa kwangempela kwintsimi yi-dahlias, ukutshala nokunyamekela iintyatyambo eziqaqambileyo azibangeli naluphi na uxinzelelo olukhethekileyo, kodwa zinezinto eziqhenqileyo. Izilwanyana zilungelelanisa ngokupheleleyo kwiimeko zezulu zelizwe lethu. Baye kwintsapho yeenkwenkwezi, ezibizwa ngokuba zihloniphekileyo kwi-botanist edumileyo evela ePetersburg uJohanna Georgi.
Zibukeka njani i-dahlias?
I-dahlias yaseJamani iyenzi zezityalo ezinobhubhane, ukuphakama kweentlobo ezinamaqondo angama-30 cm, iintlobo ezide zikwazi ukufikelela kwi-2 m. Iibhasikiti zihle kakhulu, ziqulunqwe ngokupheleleyo ngamagqabi, imibala eyahlukeneyo-emhlophe, yonke imibala ye-orange, ipinki, ebomvu, eluhlaza. Ngokuqhelekileyo kunokwenzeka ukubona ii-hybridi ezinemibala emibini kunye ne-motley. Ngokuqhelekileyo kwimimandla evulekile ekhulayo, kodwa inxalenye yomhlaba ekwindla ifa entanyeni yentamo. Dahlias - inkcazo ecacileyo:
- isityalo sinomquba ongezantsi apho kukho iindawo ezisezantsi ezihleliyo;
- iintlobo ziyahluke ngobukhulu kunye nokubunjwa kweentyatyambo ezininzi eziluhlaza. Iifama ezincinci ziba nobubanzi obuyi-10 cm, kwiinqununu ubukhulu bebhayisiki ngaphezu kwe-25 cm.
Dahlias - iintlobo
Ngokutsho kweengxelo ze-rosettes dahlias zahlula ziintlobo ezilandelayo:
- Iintlobo ze-Nymphy terry zikhula zibe ngama-70-130 cm, zinebhasikiti ezingenakulungele ukuma 7-20 cm ngaphesheya, ezifana neentyantyambo zamanzi;
- i-dahlias esezantsi ephantsi ifikelela kwi-45-60 cm ukuphakama, iipaliti zabo ezibulalayo kwiziko kunye nomgca omnye weefetti ze-rosettes eziphantsi kwe-10 cm ububanzi;
- Iintlobo ze-cactus yintsimi ye-90-150 cm ngobukhulu, i-inflorescences ephindwe kabini iqulethe ezibukhali, ezifakwe emagqabini angama-8-25 cm ububanzi;
- i-pumppon dahlias ifikelela kwixabiso elifikelela kwi-90-120 cm, iibhasikiti ze-terry zinobunjwa bebhola 5 cm ububanzi;
- Ientyatyambo ezinjengePion zineepaliti ezibulalayo phakathi kunye nemigca emininzi yecala. Umbala we-corolla - obomvu, obomvu, obomvu;
- Iintlobo ze-Globular zinokuphakama kwama-90-120 cm, iibhasikiti eziluhlaza ezi-8-15 cm zenziwe phezu kwamahlumela;
- Iintlobo zee-collar zi-shrub ukuya kwi-120 cm. Iintyatyambo zazo zivezwe ngumbala ongaqhelekanga. Unomgca wecala lomgca weepalali (obomvu, obomvu, obomvu), phezulu kwabo kukuluhlu olufutshane, olubophekileyo, olubalaseleyo;
- iintlobo ze-anemonic ukuya kwi-90 cm eziphezulu zibe nebomvu, i-violet-yellow, iintyatyambo zethusi kunye nobubanzi be-10 cm. Ibhasikidi iqukethe i-tubular ephakathi kunye neepalali eziliqela.
Indlela yokutshala i-dahlias?
Ukufumana i-dahlias enemibala engadini, xa utshala kwaye ushiya kufuneka ukhethe indawo efanelekileyo. Ukulungiselela umhlaba:
- Umhlaba kwisayithi kufuneka ube ngamanzi angaphephekiyo, apheliswe kakuhle, aphethwe ngamandla okanye angathathi hlangothi;
- ekwindla ngexesha lokumba, isayithi iyancwiswa ngepompo - 3-5 kg nge-1 m 2 ;
- Ngentwasahlobo, ukunakekelwa komhlaba kuqulethwe ngokugqithwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo kunye nomquba kunye nomthi womthi.
Beka iibhobho ezingcono kwi-penumbra ekukhanyeni, apho ixesha lokuqhakazila lenkcubeko liza kuba likhulu. Indawo yokuhlalisa ilungile ukutshintsha unyaka wonke, ungasebenzisi iiwebhusayithi emva kokuhamba. Imeko ebalulekileyo yinqanaba elimodareyithwa. Xa ukutyala kuyinqweneleka ukuxhobisa isitrasi sezitena eziqhekekileyo, udongwe olwandisiweyo. Iibhubhu zeentyatyambo zisetyenziselwa ukubola, ngoko akufanele zifakwe kwiindawo eziphantsi. Ukutshala i-dahlias emhlabeni kusetyenziswa iibrabhu ezilungiselelwe okanye imbewu. Kwimeko yokuqala, kuya kufuneka ujongane nenkqubo yokumba nokugcina iingcambu.
Indlela yokutshala i-dahlias ngezilimo eziyizigaxa?
Indlela yokutshala i-dahlias ngezilimo eziyizigaxa:
- Ngo-Ephreli, iingcambu zilungiselelwe - zihlanjululwe kwiimithombo ezimileyo, zisuse iindawo eziphangiwe, zinqumle iziqendu ngeendawo eziluhlaza.
- Izilimo eziyi-tubers zityalwe kwisitya kunye ne-peat okanye umxube wezondlo, ukuze ziphakame 2-3 cm ngaphezu komhlaba, kwaye zigcine iiveki ezimbini kwiqondo lokushisa lika-18 ° C kunye nokukhanya okulungileyo.
- Xa kuvela amaqabunga kubo, iibhubhu ziyakunqunywa, kangangokuthi kwicandelo ngalinye kukho i-ovary eneentamo.
- Baye bahluma ebhokisini kude kube nokudubula kufinyelele kwi-10 cm, ize ityalwe emhlabathini.
- I-Pit ukuze i-dahlias iyadingeka 40x40x40 cm, faka umquba ophumla ngaphantsi.
- I-Lukovychka ifakwe ukuze intamo yengcambu ibinike ngamasentimitha aphezulu kunehlabathi.
- Emva kokutshala, izithombo zixutywa ngamanzi abandayo kwaye zixutywe kunye nocingo lwe-brick yoody.
- Kumabakala aphakamileyo, imingxuma imisiwe kufuphi nemingxuma, ukwenzela ukuba iziqu ezinamaqabunga azange ziphule umoya.
Indlela yokutshala i-dahlias kwimbewu yasentwasahlobo?
Ngokuncedwa kwembewu, unyaka owodwa kunye neentsuku ezimileyo zingakhula. Indlela yokutshala i-dahlias emhlabathini entwasahlobo:
- Izikhuni zePlastiki zisetyenziselwa oku. Imbewu kwimihla yokuqala ka-Epreli isasazeka kwisihlabathi esicwecwe, sifafaze, sihlanjwe, sihlanganiswe ne-cellophane.
- Kwiqondo lokushisa lama-25-17 ° C imbewu ihluma iintsuku eziyi-10, ize iguqulelwe zibe zizimbiza ezihlukeneyo.
- Njengoko umxube we-primer ufanelekile - umthamo omnye wepeat kunye nesanti kunye nomhlaba wamagqabi amabini. Kwiintsuku ezintathu ngaphambi kokukhethwa, umhlaba uphathwa ngesisombululo se-potassium permanganate.
- Emva kokutshintshwa, izithombo zityiliswa njengoko isithwathwa sinyuka, emva kokuba singagxothwa emhlabathini.
Xa ukutshala i-dahlias kwindawo evulekile?
Iintyatyambo zifakwe kwindawo evulekile ekupheleni kukaMeyi okanye ekuqaleni kukaJune, xa i-dahlias sele ikhulile ngokukhuselekileyo-umhlaba ushushu, usongelo lwe-frosts entwasahlobo luye lwadlula. Abanye abalimi bahlehlisa ixesha kwixesha elidlulileyo. Kodwa ke kufuneka ufefe ngokucophelela ii-bulbs okanye izithombo nge-mulch (sawdust, peat) ukusuka kwiqabunga eziphindaphindiweyo ezingabhubhisa. Ukuba uhlwayela isityalo ngokukhawuleza, i-future flowering can reach the hot months of summer and the baskets ziya kutshisa ngokukhawuleza.
Dahlias - ukunakekelwa nokulima
Ukutshala i-garden dahlias, ukutshala kunye nokunyamekela kubhekiselele ukunkcenkceshela okufanelekileyo, indawo yesichumiso, ukususa ukhula. Ukutshaya umhlaba kwenziwa njengokhula lukhula. Ukusuka ekukhuliseni kungakhutshwa, njengoko kukhula lula i-dahlias ukuba udibanisa indawo kunye neentyantyambo. Utyani obomileyo kunye ne-sawdust kuya kunceda ukulwa ne-slugs kwaye ngexesha elifanayo kuya kuvumela umhlaba ukuba ungabomile nakwiintsuku ezishisayo. Ekupheleni kukaSeptemba - ekuqaleni koOktobha, izilimo eziyizigaxa ze-dahlia zifanele zihlulwe. Ukunyamekela iingcambu ebusika:
- Kwiintsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokucima amahlumela anqunywe ehlathini aze agutywe nge-foil, ukwenzela ukuba umswakama ungabanjwa;
- ebusika ushiye i-5-10 cm ye-root on root;
- izilimo eziyi-tubers zibiwe kumgama wama-30 cm, iifoloko zikhupha i-clod yomhlaba, zihlambe ii-bulbs kwaye zibeke ukuba zome;
- iziphoso ezingumatshini kubo zifafazwe ngamalahle;
- kugcina impahla yokutyala kwi-+ 3-5 ° C kwindawo efanelekileyo yomoya kwindawo yesitya esinesihlabathi esomileyo okanye i-sawdust kuze kube yintsasa.
Izimbali zeDahlia - iimpawu zokunisela
Ukunyamekela i-dahlias kubandakanya ukuthambisa okunomusa 1-2 ngeeveki (ngaphandle kokuba kungekho mvula). Kodwa awukwazi ukuvumela ukunyuka kwesinyulu kwi-bulb yesityalo, ngaphandle koko kuya kubangela ukubola. Amanzi afanele abe njalo ukuze amanzi agubungele umhlaba kumanzi angama-30 cm - okwaneleyo ukwenzela ukuba iintyatyambo zifumane umthamo ochanekileyo wobuncwane bokuphila. Ngobushushu obushushu ukuze kugcinwe umswakama kuya kunceda ukuphakama kwinqaba. Ngaphambi kokutshiza okulandelayo umhlaba kunye ne-mulch kwi-stem kufuneka kucatshulwe, emva kokuhlanjululwa - kwakhona ukufefa isityalo.
Indlela yokondla i-dahlias?
Ngethuba lokutyilisa kulungele ukwenza isichumisi phantsi kwehlathi. Indlela yokunyamekela i-dahlias ngokugqoka:
- Zonke iiveki ezimbini kwisigqibo sokuqala sonyaka, inkcubeko ixiliswa, ichitshiywe ingqungquthela yamaminerali kunye ne-organic matter - i-ammonium nitrate (15 g nganye m 2 ), i-mullein ukumnika 1:10 okanye i-droppings 1:20.
- Ngokuza kwezintso ezincinci, kucetyiswa ukuba ungeze i-superphosphate kunye ne-potassium iimveliso kumhlaba kwisilinganiso se-30 g nganye kwibhakethi yamanzi-kuya kuba neenombolo eziyi-8.
- Umququzeleli kulula ukwenza - kwi-parimeter yesiqithi ibhokhwe eyenziwe, i-bait ifakwa kuwo, iyancwiswa kwaye ifafazwe ngomhlaba.
Ngaba bayabamba i-dahlias?
Ngaphezulu kwexesha lonke, kubalulekile ukunqumla amaqabunga aphelileyo, ukuze kungabikho ukubonakala kwezinto ezintsha. Kwimabanga aphakamileyo, kungcono ukucoca iinkqubo ezizenzekelayo, kwiibhasi ezikhulayo ezingenakwenziwa. Ukususwa kwamagqabi kwinqanaba lika-30-40 cm ukusuka kwingcambu kuphucula ukutshintshwa komoya phakathi kweziqu. Ukufumana i-inflorescences ebuninzi be-dahlias ekhulayo, ukukhula kuhamba kunye nokususwa kwee-buds ezingaphezulu. Kwisiqithi esinye ngexesha elifanayo ushiye iibhasikiti ezimbini kunye namahlumela amathathu. Oku kuya kufumana iziqhamo ezinkulu kunye nezimbali.
Izimbali dahlias - izifo kunye nezinambuzane
I-Garden dahlias, ukutyala kunye nokunyamekela okwenziwa ngokuvumelana ne-agrotechnics, isifo esincinci. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha banokuhlaselwa yizinambuzane okanye iintsholongwane ezithintekayo. Izifo, ama-parasites kunye nezindlela zokulwa nazo:
- Iimvumba, izigulane , ama-aphid kunye nezibungu ziyi-parasites eziyingozi kakhulu kwenkcubeko. Ukunyamekela i-dahlias iyakuthi, xa ibonakala, iiflathi kanye ngeveki kusihlwa ngokufuthwa nge-decoction yomhlonyane okanye i-celandine. Umbhobho wesepha ungasetyenziselwa kwiifukisi. Ukuba kukho ezininzi iipasisiti, unyango olufunekayo nge-insecticide lufuneka.
- Umtshato omncinci utsala kakhulu i-slugs, ebabetha ngethuba lemvula. Ukuthintela, umhlaba ojikeleze isiqithi ungasutyiswa ngothuli lwegayi okanye umpompo onobuhlungu.
- Ukuba kukho i- wireworm eninzi emhlabathini, i-chlorophos ifakwe ngaphakathi kuyo nge-rakes.
- I-motic mottledness ngenxa yegciwane ayiphathwa. Ukuze ugweme ukusuleleka kwezinye izityalo, ihlathi elichaphazelekayo kufuneka libiwe kwaye lishiswe kunye neengcambu.