I-syndrome giperkaltsiemi kwaye yintlupheko ye-biochemical, apho ukwanda kwenkxalabo ye-calcium kubonakala kwi-plasma yegazi. Itholakala rhoqo ngexesha lohlalutyo lwezinto eziphilayo.
Iimbangela ze-hypercalcemia
I-hypercalcemia yenzeka ngokuchasene nemvelaphi yezifo ezahlukahlukeneyo okanye iinkqubo zengqondo kwi-body. Ngokuqhelekileyo loo ngxaki ibonakala ngenxa yezilonda zeengqungquthela zengqondo. Iimbangela ze hypercalcemia zi:
- i-pseudo-hyperparathyroidism;
- amathambo;
- lymphoma;
- leukemia;
- myeloma;
- lymphogranulomatosis .
Kwi-plasma yegazi, i-calcium iyancipha ngokunyamekela kweengwenya kunye nezifo ze-endocrine (i-acromegaly, thyrotoxicosis kunye nokungapheli komzimba). I-Hypercalcemia ivela kwiimfucumfucu ezimbi, ngexesha lokusetyenziswa kwamachiza athile kunye nangemva kokuphuka kwamathambo.
Iimpawu ze hypercalcemia
Ngokudla kaninzi nge-hypercalcemia, akukho zibonakaliso. Kodwa kwezinye iimeko, kukho ukubonakaliswa kwekliniki. Ezi ziquka:
- intlungu kwindawo yesisu;
- ukuqothulwa;
- isicaphulo kunye nokuhlanza;
- kunyusa uxinzelelo lwegazi;
- ukungabi nxilweni kwaye, ngenxa yoko, i-anorexia;
- isithintelo samathumbu .
Ukwanda kwe-calumum ye-serum ngaphezu kwe-12 mg% inokuthi ihambisane nokukhangela ngokomzwelo, ingqondo yengqondo, ukudideka, i-delirium kunye ne-copulation. Isigulane sinenkxalabo enemvakalelo eninzi, i-delirium, ubuthathaka kunye neengcinga.
Ukomelezwa rhoqo kunye nokuphelelwa amandla kwamanzi kungabonakalisa iimpawu ze-hypercalcemia. Oku kubangelwa ukuba ixabiso le-calcium egazini egazini lenza ukuba iintso zesigulane zisebenze ngokunyanisekileyo. Ngenxa yoko, zivelisa umthamo ogqithiseleyo umchamo, kunye nomzimba kwizinga elikhawulezayo lilahlekelwa ngumkhuhlane.
Nge-hypercalcemia eqinile, isandi senhliziyo siyaphazamiseka, umzekelo, ixesha le-QT kwi-ECG linciphisa. Inqanaba le-calcium le-serum lingaphezulu kwe-18 mg%? Oku kunokukhokelela ekuphelelweni kwezintso, ukuphazamiseka okunzulu komsebenzi weengqondo kunye ne-coma. Kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu, nokuba nesiphumo esibulalayo sinokwenzeka.
Kwi-hypercalcaemia engapheliyo, isigulane sinokuba ngamatye okanye i-crystals ene-calcium ezintsheni ezibangela umonakalo ongenakunqunyulwa.
Ukuxilongwa kwe-hypercalcemia
Ukuxilongwa kwe-hypercalcemia kungasungulwa ngesiseko sokufumanisa izinga eliphezulu le-calcium kwi-serum yegazi ngaphandle kwamaxesha amathathu. Emva koko, isiguli sifanele sifunde izifundo ezongezelelweyo eziza kunceda izizathu zokuphuhliswa kwesi sifo:
- ukuphuma kwe calcium kumchamo ngosuku;
- uhlalutyo lwe-phosphate engabonakaliyo;
- isilum sebenzi ye-serum ye-enzyme alkaline phosphatase.
Kwezinye iimeko, nge-idiopathic hypercalcemia, i-rayographs yamathambo, i-plographic intravenous kunye nezicatshulwa zetekisi zesitho nesifuba kufuneka zenziwe.
Unyango lwe hypercalcemia
Unyango lwe-hypercalcemia lwenziwa ngoncedo lweziyobisi ezikhusela ukukhululwa kwamathambo e-calcium. Kwakhona, isigulane sinqunywe i-diuretics kunye neziyobisi ezinqanda umsebenzi we-osteoclasts. Ukuba isigulane sidla i-vitamin D, yeka ukusela ngokukhawuleza. Kwiimeko ezinzima kunye ne-hypocalcaluric hypercalcaemia, kufuneka kwenziwe umsebenzi wokususa i-parathyroid gland okanye ukufakelwa kweengso.
Emva kokugqitywa kwonyango, kuyimfuneko ukulawula ukungenisa ukutya okunotye kwi-calcium, kwaye uzama ukungathathi iziyobisi eziqukethe ixabiso elikhulu le-calcium kunye ne-vithamini D.