I-Arthroscopy yamadolo edibeneyo yinkqubo ethandwa kakhulu. Ikuvumela ukuba ufumene i-pathology ngexesha kwaye ukhawuleze ukulwa nesifo. Kwixesha elidlulileyo, ukuhlinzwa ngokugqithiseleyo kwakusetyenziselwa ukuqeda iingxaki zamadolo. Nangona kunjalo, ngokuphuhliswa kobuchwephesha, indlela yokwenza unyango lwezo pathologi ishintshile kakhulu.
Yintoni i-arthroscopy yedolo?
Le nkqubo yinkqubo yokucwangcisa encinci. Kuqhutyelwa kusetyenziswa isistim esithile - i-arthroscope. Le yunithi ifakwe inaliti encinci enekhamera yefiber optic. Umfanekiso wonke uboniswa. Ukuqonda ukuba yiyiphi i-arthroscopy, ugqirha uyakunceda, ngubani oya kumxelela isigulane zonke iimpawu zolawulo olunjalo. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi ze nkqubo:
- ukuxilonga;
- nokunyanga.
Okwangoku, le nqubo ithathwa njengesiqhelo "segolide" ekulwa nokulwa neentlobo ze-musculoskeletal system. Le ndlela ayinayo ifanane. Kunamathuba amaninzi:
- I-Minimalally invasive - inqubo eyenziwa nge-intrusion encinci kwisigxina sebhegi edibeneyo;
- zonke izixhobo zenziwe ngokuchaneka ngokuthe tye;
- intambo ye-intra-articular ayifani nxu lumene nomhlaba ongaphandle ongeyinyumba;
- Ngethuba le nkqubo, umjelo wamanzi ungenziwa ngokukodwa;
- kuba ukusebenza kwenziwa ngaphandle kokungeniswa, ixesha lokuziphatha kwalo liyancishiswa liye kwiyure, kwaye emva koko uhlala esibhedlele - ukuya kwiintsuku ezingama-2-3;
- akukho mfuneko yokukhupha iinyawo ixesha elide.
Kukho ukuphazamiseka kule ndlela:
- Inkqubo iyabiza, kuba iyenziwa kwizixhobo ezibiza kakhulu;
- ugqirha okwenza lo msebenzi kufuneka abe yingcali yeklasi ephakamileyo, kuba ukuphazamiseka kogqirha ongenamava kungakhokelela ekuphuhlisweni kweengxaki.
I-arthroscopy yamadolo-ebonisa
Ukudluliselwa kule nkqubo kunikezwa ngumculi we-traumatologist, i-rheumatologist okanye i-orthopedist. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-arthroscopy yexolo elixhasayo kunconywa kwiimeko ezinjalo:
- ngokuchithwa ;
- xa ukuhlanjululwa kwamadolo kudingekile xa kuhlanganiswa izihlwele ezihlambulukileyo;
- ukuba kuyimfuneko, i-biopsy yamathambo;
- kwimeko apho kukho ukufakwa kwesalathisi esonakele;
- ne- rheumatoid arthritis ;
- xa ingqibelelo ye-meniscus iphukile;
- ebusweni bomzimba wasemzini kwisigxina sexolo;
- kwimeko ye-hyperplasia engapheliyo emzimbeni onamafutha.
Ukuxilonga i-arthroscopy yedolo
Le nkqubo ithathwa njengolwazi. Ndiyabulela kuye, imeko yexolo edibeneyo ihlolwe ngaphakathi. Yonke inkcazelo iboniswa kweso sihlandlo ngexesha langempela. I-knee arthroscopy inceda ukufumana olo lwazi:
- ukuchonga indawo yokuhlaliswa kwezilwanyana;
- ukuqikelela izinga lokusasazeka kwalo;
- ngokuchanekileyo.
I-arthroscopy yonyango
Le ndlela inconywa xa unyango lweziyobisi olulondolozayo lungasebenzi. Ngokomzekelo, i-arthroscopy yokugonywa kwamadolo edibeneyo imiselweyo, ukuthengiswa kwe-meniscus kule meko kwenzeka ngeengxaki ezincinci. Inkqubo enjalo yonyango ithathwa njengento engathandekiyo: emva kokuba umgca omncinci uhlala. Ukongezelela, ukulungiswa kwakhona akulibalanga ixesha elide. Njengoko uqeqesho lubonisa, izigulana zibuyela ngokukhawuleza endleleni yazo yokuphila.
I-Arthroscopy - ingqinano
Nangona le nkqubo inenzuzo eninzi, kwezinye iimeko kuya kufuneka ishiywe. Isigqibo sokugqibela kukuba ingaba i-arthroscopy yamadolo edibeneyo yenziwe ngugqirha emva kokuvavanywa ngokugqithiseleyo kwesigulane. Zonke iingqinisiso ekuphunyezweni kwalo mgaqo zinokuhlulwa ngokweemeko zibe ngamaqela amabini: ngokupheleleyo kunye nezihambelana. Iyokuqala ibandakanya oku kulandelayo:
- ukuvuvukala kuhambisane nokubunjwa kwepus;
- i-fibrous okanye ithambo i-ankylosis;
- imeko enzima yomguli.
Ukuchasana okuhambelanayo kubandakanya:
- iifractures of condyles;
- ukuphulwa kobungqina beetyhusi, ezikufutshane nebhegi edibeneyo;
- hemarthrosis .
I-knee arthroscopy yenziwa njani?
Ngaphambi kokuhamba ngale ndlela, isiguli kufuneka silungiselele. I-arthroscopy yamadolo ehlangene inikezela ukuba ezi zilandelayo ziza kwenziwa kwangaphambili:
- ECG yenziwe;
- Uxinzelelo lwegazi lulinganisiwe;
- i-clotting factor was determined;
- I-X-ray yesifuba;
- I-MRI yamadolo ehlangene yenziwa;
- Iimvavanyo zegazi kunye nomchamo zangeniswa.
Ngobusuku ngehora lomhla xa i-arthroscopy ye-knee ehlangene i-meniscus isenziwa, isigulane sihlambulukile nge-enema. Ngaphambi kokulala, bamnika iipilisi zokulala zesenzo sokukhanya. Kanti nakusihlwa awukwazi ukutya okanye ukusela nayiphi na into. Ngentsasa kwangoko ngaphambi kokuba usebenze uhlambele iinwele zakho emadolweni. Inkqubo ngokwayo ayithathi ngaphezu kweyure.
I-Arthroscopy yamadolo ehlangene yenziwa ngale ndlela:
- Isigulane silele kwitafile yokusebenza (ngasemva). Amadolo apho umsebenzi oza kwenziwa khona kufuneka ulungele kwi-angle ye-90 ° kwaye ulungiswe kunye nezixhobo ezizodwa.
- Ikhumba liyaqhathaniswa.
- Ukunciphisa ukugeleza kwegazi ukuya emadolweni, i-tourniquet ifakwe kwithanga.
- I-aneshesia.
- Udokotela ohlinzayo wenza iincwadana ezingama-3-6 ubude ubude.
- I-arthroscope ifakwe kwisangqa. Ugqirha uyayihlolisisa indawo echaphazelekayo. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, iphompoza i-exudate, ihlambulule isigxina kwaye iqhuba zonke iindlela ezifunekayo.
- Ngotshwala, ithuluzi elifakiwe likhishwe.
- Kwiindawo eziphathwayo, amabhanji angaphantsi angaphantsi ayasetyenziswa.
I-Arthroscopy yamadolo ehlangene - i-anesthesia
Ngokusekelwe kwiziphumo zeemvavanyo ezingeniswe ngaphambi kokusebenza kunye nokuqwalasela ubude bokusebenza okuzayo, i-anesthetist inquma ukuba iyiphi indlela ye-anesthesia yokukhetha. I-Anesthesia nge-arthroscopy yamadolo ehlangene ingaba ngale ndlela:
- I-Local - inikeza inkunkuma engaphantsi kwesigxina se-anesthetic (Lidocaine, Novocaine okanye i-Ultrakain) kufuphi neendlela ezizayo. Impendulo yale ndlela yithuba elifutshane. I-anesthesia yendawo yenziwe xa i-arthroscopy yexolo ibandakanya ukuxilongwa.
- Umgudu (uphinde wabizwa ngokuba yi-epidural) - isicatshulwa sijojowe ngekathetha kwindawo yomgca wesipelini. Inzuzo ephambili yale ndlela ye-anesthesia kukuba ngethuba lo msebenzi ugqirha ugcina edibanisa nesigulane. Ukuba kukho isidingo sokwandiswa kwe-anesthesia, oku kwenziwa ngekathati yonyango.
- Ngokuqhelekileyo - isetyenziselwa kuphela unyango lwezilwanyana ezinzulu kakhulu.
I-arthroscopy yamadolo
Izigqibo ezintathu zokuhlinzwa zenziwa ngexesha lotyando. Ezi zixhobo zimelelwa yi-arthroscopy - lobu buchule lulandelayo:
- Ikhefu lokuqala - ngolu mngxuma kumgca odibeneyo, ikhamera ebonakalayo ifakwe. Le sixhobo ixhunyiwe kweso sithuthi apho uthunyelwa khona umfanekiso.
- Isicatshulwa sesibini kukuba i-injini ifakwe kwisigxina (umz., I-Adrenaline, i-sodium chloride). La machiza asetyenziswa ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuphaphaka ngexesha lotyando kunye nokwandisa iseshoni soviwo.
- Ukuchithwa kweyesithathu - ngokungena kwintsika kuqaliswe isixhobo sokusebenza esona sikhulu.
I-arthroscopy yamadolo axolo - emva kokuhlinzwa
Ekupheleni kwenkqubo, ugqirha uya kunika iziphakamiso zesigulane malunga nendlela yokuziphatha ngexesha lokubuyisela. Ba landele imfuneko yokuba baqaphele. Ezi ngcebiso zibaluleke kakhulu njengoko kwenziwa i-arthroscopy ngokufanelekileyo, ukulungiselela ukuhlinzwa. Kwiimeko ezininzi, zikhishwa ngosuku emva kokuhlinzwa. Inqabile kakhulu isigulane sishiywa phantsi kweliso lugqirha kwizinye iintsuku ezimbalwa.
Arthroscopy - iingxaki
Nangona ukungenelela okunjalo kuthathwa njengenkqubo ekhuselekileyo, kukho umngcipheko wokuba kube nemiphumo emibi emva kwayo. Ngokuqhelekileyo uqaphele iingxaki ezinjalo:
- Amadolo emva kwe-arthroscopy;
- ukushisa komzimba kuphakama;
- kukho ukungathandeki kwisifuba (isigulane kunzima ukuphefumula);
- ngenxa yentsholongwane yesilonda, i-arthritis iyaqhubeka;
- iingxaki kwisistim ye-vascular ziphawulwe;
- ukuhamba kwesibambano kuphazamiseka;
- kukho ukucima ngexesha uqhuba;
- idolo libuhlungu kakhulu;
- kukho i-hyperemia yolusu;
- he rarethrosis kakhulu.
Ubuhlungu emva kwe-arthroscopy yedolo
Ukuziva okunjalo kakubi emva kokusebenza kuyinto eqhelekileyo. Kwimiba amaninzi, bayeka ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, isigulane akufanele sikhathazeke kwaye sikhathazeke kukuba into ethile ayiphumelekanga. Ukuba, emva kwe-arthroscopy ye-meniscus, idolo libuhlungu kakhulu, kwaye i-painkillers egqitywe ngugqirha ayincede, uncedo lwezonyango kufuneka lufunwe ngokukhawuleza. Kungenzeka ukuba kukho umphumo omkhulu emva kokusebenza. Iintlungu ezithinteka kakhulu zihamba kunye neengxaki ezilandelayo:
- Ukuvalwa kweemivenge zegazi ngeempompo zegazi (kubakho kwizigulane ezinobungcipheko);
- arthritis ;
- ukuxubusha komlambo ohlangeneyo, uchukunyiswe ngumthwalo onzima emadolweni;
- hemarthrosis;
- algodystrophic syndrome;
- ukuvutha kwezicubu ze-rumen.
Ukuchofoza emadolweni emva kwe-arthroscopy
Ukuqhekeka ngexesha lexesha lokuhamba emva kwexesha libhekwa njengesiqhelo somzimba. Izizathu zalo zilandelayo:
- Kwi-articular cavity gas bubbles accumulate;
- isigulane sinokufakela ngokuthe ngqo kwesosa;
- kwakukho ukugqithisa kwemigqaliselo yeengxoxo.
Ukuba iidolo ezinqeni emva kwe-arthroscopy emva kweenyanga ezi-4-5, oku kubonisa ukuphuhliswa kwe-arthrosis. Ngesi sifo, i-cartilage ye-articular iyancitshiswa kwaye ukulungiswa kwemfudu kuphazamiseka. Amadolo aqhuma, okwenyuka kwindalo yobushushu. Ulusu kule ndawo lushisa kwaye lufumana umbala obomvu. Konke oku kuhambelana nentlungu enzima.
Amadolo awaguqa emva kwe-arthroscopy
Kwiintsuku zokuqala emva kokusebenza kule nto ayikho into embi. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba idolo i-arthroscopy ayiguquli idolo emva kweveki, oku sele isilumkiso sesilumkiso. Izizathu zokuhamba okuncinci zingaba:
- hemarthrosis;
- ukuvuvukala kwesigxina se-postoperative;
- ukuxubusha komlambo ohlangeneyo;
- algodystrophic syndrome.
Ukubuyiselwa emva kwe-arthroscopy yedolo
Inkqubo yokubuyisela phambili iqala ngeeyure zokuqala emva kokuhlinzwa. Iyakwazi ukuhlala kwiiveki ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-8. Emva koko isiguli siya kubuya ubomi obupheleleyo. Ukubuyiselwa emva kwe-arthroscopy yamadolo ehlangene kuncitshiswa kwezi ziphakamiso ezilandelayo:
- Ukuthintela ukuqala kwenkqubo yokuvuvukala, isigulane kufuneka sithathe amachiza e-antibiotics anqunywe ngugqirha.
- Gcina umlenze osebenzayo kwindawo ephakanyisiweyo. Iqhwa kufuneka isetyenziswe emadolweni. Ukusetyenziswa okunjalo kuya kunciphisa intlungu kunye nokuvuvukala.
- Kubalulekile ukwenza iimpahla zonke iintsuku ezingama-2-3.
- Ukuphucula imeko yesigulane, ukuthatha amayeza entlungu kufuneka.
- Kubalulekile ukukhuphela umthwalo kwi-knee esebenzayo. Unokuvuka ngosuku lwesithathu emva kokusebenza. Kule meko, unokuhambisa kuphela usebenzisa iimfonto.
- Kwiintsuku ezi-2-3 ezalandelayo emva kokusebenza, ukushayela akuvumelekile!
- I-arthroscopy ye-knee recovery after joint surgery izakukhawulezisa unyango loqeqesho.
- Iiveki zokuqala emva kweeveki, ukuhlamba okutshisayo akuvunyelwe. Akuvumelekanga kunye ne-hypothermia.
- Ukubuyisela izicubu ze-cartilage, i-chondroprotectors kufuneka ithathwe.
I-LFK emva kwe-arthroscopy yedolo
I-gymnastics yokwelapha inceda ukuqinisa imisipha kunye nokukhawulezisa inkqubo yokubuyisela. Ngaphambi kokuba uhlalise idolo emva kwe-arthroscopy, kufuneka uqhagamshelane neengcali. Ukulungiswa ngokungafanelekanga kunokubangela ingozi enkulu. Emva kokuba i-arthroscopy ye-knee echaphazelekayo iqhutywe, ukubuyiselwa kuyanconywa ukuqala ngomthwalo omncinci, ngokunyuka ukwandisa. Ukuzivocavoca kunoku:
- ukuxhatshazwa kwemisipha yomthanga;
- ukuphakanyiswa kweenyawo;
- ukuyigcina kwisisindo;
- kubhukuda;
- ukuhamba njalo njalo.