I-artichoke yaseJerusalem - ukulima, iimpawu zobumba zobumba

Ukutyala i-artichoke yaseJerusalem esebenzayo kunye nengenangqiqo kwi-dacha, ukulima kwesi sihlobo "sobuhlungu" sotshanga sithatha ixesha elide kwaye sinceda ukufumana ukutya okumnandi kwidlo lokutya. Iphayibhile yomhlaba ngokwexabiso londlo ayikho ngaphantsi kwezambatyambo, kodwa inezixhobo ezinonophelo zonyango kunye nezondlo.

IYerusalem i-artichoke ibonakala ngathi?

AmaNdiya aseBrazil aseTupinamoas besizwe sokuqala ukuzisa le nkcubeko yokutya kubantu baseYurophu. Abaqolonti baqaphela ngokukhawuleza ukubaluleka kokufunyanwa kunye negalelo ekusasazeni umhlaba umhlaba wonke. Isityalo se-artichoke saseJerusalem sifanele sikhule kwi-fodder, i-tuber ingadliwa. Ngokusasazeka kweetatate, ukutyekela kwayo kuncipha kakhulu, kodwa ngenxa yokunyamezela kwamaqabunga umhlaba ukhula ngokukhululekile kuwo onke amazwekazi endle.

Kukho umbala obomvu, ophuzi, omhlophe kunye nomshubo obomvu waseJerusalem i-artichoke, efana nesimo se-rootlets rootlets. Ukunambitha okukrakra kubonisa into ephakathi kwe-turnips, i-asparagus, i-artichoke okanye ikotyi yeklabishi, efanelekile yokwenza izitya ezininzi ezinomsoco. Inxalenye engasentla-mhlaba yesityalo iyafana nesiqu se-sunflower, esondelelene nayo. Iimpawu zihlanganiswe nge-villi efutshane, ukuphakama kufinyelelwa xa kukhula i-3 m, ientyantyambo ze-orange ziphezulu.

I-cultural artificial i-artichoke yaseJerusalem, ukulima okuluhlaza kunika i-silage, haylage, ifowuni exubekileyo. Ukusuka kwii-tubers zenza isaladi, izitya eziphekwe kunye nezitya, ukutya okusemathinini. Izimpande zihanjiswe yimivundla, ihagu, izimvu kunye neenkomo, ziphakamisa ubisi kakuhle kwaye zandisa ubunzima bazo. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-artichoke yaseJerusalem kunciphisa umngcipheko wokuhlaselwa kwentliziyo, ityiliti, i-anemia, kunye ne-acidity. Isiqhamo sesityalo sinconywa kakhulu njengesongezelelo esibalulekileyo kwisifo sikashukela.

I-artichoke yaseJerusalem - iintlobo

Ukwahlula iintlobo zezityalo zeesityalo, ukudala ubuninzi obuluhlaza, kodwa iingcambu ezincinci ze-artichoke zaseJerusalem, kunye neentlobo zokusetyenziswa kokutya kunye nokuveliswa kwezivuno. Kukho izityalo ezisekuqaleni nasekupheleni, ezinye iintlobo zivuthwa kungekudala kunomhla kaNovemba kwaye azifanelekanga kwiimeko ezibandayo. Ngomzuzu, ama-hybrids angaphezu kwamawaka amathathu kunye nemifuno yale nkcubeko ikhulile. Iintlobo zezinto zokuhlobisa zangaphambili, ezifumene ukusasazwa kummandla wethu, zikhutshwa.

Iintlobo ezintle zeYerusalem i-artichoke yokukhula:

1. I-Leningrad - uhlobo olusemva kwexesha, kodwa izilimo eziyizigaxa ezimhlophe zivuthwa ngokupheleleyo kwiNyakatho-ntshona yeRashiya, ifanelekile ukugcina ubusika.
2. I-Omsk emhlophe - iindidi ezivuthiweyo phakathi, iziqu zikhula ngaphezu kwe-2 m, imifuno yeengcambu iyingcipheko ngokulingana ukuya ku-50-55 g.
3. I-Skorospelka - ifomathi ezimhlophe ezijikeleziweyo ezimhlophe ezifanelekileyo, ukuvuthwa kwesivuno ekuqaleni, ziyahluka ekukhuseleni kwamaqabunga.
4. I-Vulgothsky - izityalo zengcambu zesityalo ziphuzi, ixesha elide, isivuno - ngaphezu kwe-100c / ha. Le ntlobo ye-artichoke yaseYerusalem ikhulile kwiNorth-West kunye neNyakatho yeRashiya.
5. Inzala - iindidi ziya kubhena kubalimi abatshala isityalo kwiindawo ezishushu. Iimpawu zeYerusalem i-artichoke zinamandla, zime, zivelisa ngexesha lokuvuthwa kwexesha elide.
6. Ngobushushu - ukukhula okude, izilimo eziyizigaxa zikhula zibe ngama-60g, amahlathi anamandla. I-artichoke yaseYurophu ephezulu, ekhula kwimveliso inokwenzeka kwiindawo ezininzi.
7. I-Pasko - ukuvuthwa kwexesha elide, iindawo eziphakamileyo, iifom ngexesha lokulinywa kweengcambu zemibala emhlophe yombala ukuya kwi-80 g.
8. Ukufunyanwa kusekude, ukuvumela, okufanelekileyo kwimimandla esezantsi.
9. Iindaba ze-VIR - isivuno seeplanga zobumba ukuya kwi-35t / ha, i-artichoke yaseJerusalem inokukhula.
10. I-Volzhsky 2 - iifom zemibala enemibala emhlophe, emhlophe ngamanqabunga amfusa, anganyangekiyo, athengise u-200t / ha.

Indlela yokutshala i-artichoke yaseYerusalem?

I-artichoke yaseJerusalem ikhulile njengonyaka wonyaka okanye unyaka onyaka-mnye kwindawo ekhethiweyo. Kwiifama zikhethe ukhetho lokuqala, kodwa i-cottage nayiphi na indlela inokwenzeka ngokuxhomekeka ngenjongo yokuba umlimi wezolimo usethele yona. Ukukhetha okukhethekileyo komhlaba kwipare yodongwe nge-pH 6.0-7.7, esi sityalo sikhula kakuhle kwi-loam elula. Ukutyala i-artichoke yeYerusalem kuyinqwenela kwiibhedi zelanga okanye kumthunzi olula. Unako ukukhula iminyaka engama-perennial kwi-perimeter ye-dacha, kwaye uthathe indawo ecaleni kwocingo.

Ukutyala i-arbachoke yaseJerusalem

Xa sinquma ukutshala i-artichoke yaseYerusalem, ukhetho oluchanekileyo kunye unyango lwee-tubers ludlala indima ebalulekileyo. Thatha umyinge ngesayizi kunye neengcambu zeengcambu zeengcambu kunye ne-pickled kwisisombululo se-manganese ebomvu ebomvu. Ukongezelela, kunokwenzeka ukucubungula izilimo eziyi-tubers kwi- Zircon stimulator, ukwandisa ukuhluma nokukhawuleza ukukhula kwamahlumela. Kwimiqolo yabo ibekwe kwi-30 cm, ikhulile kunye nomgama phakathi kwemigca - ukuya kuma-80 cm, kuxhomekeke kwiindidi. Ubunzulu bokutsala ipeyari yodongwe yi-12-15 cm. Ukuba i-artichoke yaseJerusalem isomileyo ngaphambi kokuba ityalwe, iyanqunyulwa ngokuyifaka emanzini.

I-artichoke yaseJerusalem - imbewu yokulima

Ukuphindaphinda kwembewu yale nkcubeko ngama-amateur akufaneki ukuba kusetyenziswe ukulima, kuyafaneleka ukuzalisa iintlobo ezintsha xa kuthengwa izinto ngeposi. Kufuneka ukuba ulinde iminyaka embalwa ukuze ufumane isivuno esipheleleyo sepeyari yombumba ngale ndlela. I-artichoke yaseYurophu xa kutyalwa kunye nembewu yokuncelisa kunyaka wokuqala kukulungele ukukhula kwizigulana, ehlotyeni uya kufumana amahlumela okanye ubutshwana obuthathaka. Ngentwasahlobo sifunda iingcambu ezincinci ezincinci size sizityelele emhlabathini.

I-artichoke yaseYerusalem - ixesha lokulima

Ngethuba lokutshala kwekwindla, umsebenzi uyenziwe iiveki ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokufika kwamaqabunga aqinile. Emva kokubeka ii-tubers emseleni, umhlaba uphawulwe ngama-rakes. Ukutshala i-artichoke yaseJerusalem entwasahlobo ngexesha lihambelana nokutshala kweetatate, kwiindawo ezininzi ziqala ukuveliswa ukususela ekupheleni kuka-Apreli emva kokufudumeza umhlaba, ukukhokelwa yiimeko zemozulu.

I-artichoke yaseJerusalem - ukunakekelwa nokulima

Sijongana nesityalo esiqinileyo esinokukhula kwimimandla emininzi nangendlela yokukhula kokhula, kodwa ishiye ngaphandle kokunyamekela ukuba izityalo zifake izilwanyana ezincinci ezingenazo iimveliso. Kwimibuzo yendlela yokukhulisa i-artichoke yaseJerusalem kwindawo evulekile, kuyimfuneko ukuzalisekisa inani leemeko ezisisiseko ezikunceda ukufumana izivuno eziphezulu ezingapheliyo zamapheya omhlaba omnandi.

Indlela yokukhulisa i-artichoke yaseYerusalem:

1. Emva kokutyala senza ukukhululeka komhlaba, sisusa ingqumbo ebunzima ebhedeni.
2. Izithombo zivela emva kweveki ezingama-2-3.
3. Ukuqala kokuphakama kweentsika kuyenziwa ngelixa amahlumela afinyelela ukuphakama kwe-0.4-0.5 m.
4. Izihlahla ezindala ezineemigangatho ye-1 m nangaphezulu kunqweneleka ukubopha kwintambo okanye inkxaso yezinto.
5. Siyakhula ihluma njengoko zikhula.
6. Ukusika iintyatyambo kukunceda ekukhuleni ukufumana izivuno ezingaphezulu kweeplanga.
7. Sifaka iJerusalem i-artichokes kunye namaminerali okanye amalungiselelo e-organic.
8. Sivuna izithelo ekwindla kuze kube seqanda okanye entwasahlobo.
9. Kuyakwazi ukuqeshisa inxalenye yombhede ukuvunwa kwentwasahlobo, kwaye ukumba isivuno esiphezulu ngokufika kobushushu, emhlabathini, iingcambu zincinci kakuhle. Kule meko, awukwazi ukuphosakela ngemigomo yomsebenzi, ngaphandle koko izilimo eziyizigaxa ziza kudubula kwaye ziya kulahlekelwa yindleko yondlo.

Umhlaba wepeyari i-artichoke-ukunisela

Ngexesha lezimvula i-artichoke iYerusalem ayithobekanga kwaye ayifuni ukutyhala. Ngomlambo, xa ukushisa okusemgangathweni kusekwa iiveki ezimbalwa, kunokwenzeka ukunceda izityalo, ukuthululela ukuya kuma-15 ilitha amanzi phantsi kwehlathi ngalinye. Ifakwe kwisilwanyana sokufafaza okanye indlela yokunkcenkceshela. Sisebenzisa amanzi ngokushisa kwe-15 ° C ukuya kwi-18 ° C, ngelixa ikhula i-artichoke i-artichoke ekuseni okanye ngokuhlwa ngokuhamba kweeveki ezimbini.

I-artichoke yaseJerusalem-yokugqoka

Iibhotshi zeepayipi zobumba zingadliwa ngophiso lomthi kunye nokubala ukuya kwi-300 g yezinto nge-1 m ² yomhlaba, njengenye indlela, i-fertilizer ye-mineral potassium ifanelekile. Ukuxazulula ingxaki, indlela yokukhulisa i-artichoke eYerusalem, awukwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kwe-nitrogen kunye ne-microfertilizers. Ezi zinto ngesimo sesisombululo samanzi zidibaniswa kwisibini esilungeleyo ngexesha lokuhlaziya. Emva kokuvuna kwekwindla, umhlaba utyalwa nge-nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium (10 g / m ² ), kunokwenzeka ukuba usebenzise umquba olungiswe kakuhle kwiibhedi.

Indlela yokusasaza i-artichoke?

Ukuthenga i-tuber yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo, asinakufanela ukuba nexabiso elifanelekileyo lokutyala, ngoko i-artichoke yaseJerusalem ikhulile ngokuhlula izityalo zengcambu kwiindawo. Ukuhlakulela iziqwenga zobumba ezimehlo ezinempilo, unokufumana izityalo ezipheleleyo. Kubalulekile ukushiya ubuncinci amabini okukhula kumacandelo e-artichoke yaseJerusalem. Le ndlela ilungele ukutyala kwentwasahlobo, ekwindla akukhuthazwa ukwahlula i-tubers.

Umhlaba womthi we-artichoke - izifo kunye neentlanzi

Ngamanye amaxesha kukho ukuphazamiseka kwezifo e-artichoke yaseYerusalem, indlela yokukhulisa isityalo kwiminyaka engathandekiyo?

1. I-Sclerotiniosis ichaphazela iziqu, kubangela ukubonakala kwepaki emhlophe. Kunconywa ukutshisa iintyatyambo zokutshisa, kunye nezityalo zokucwangcisa "i-Immunocytophyte".
2. Ukutshala kwamaqabunga kunye nokubonakala kwimibala ebomvu kubangela enye, ukunyanga kwembhedi kunye ne-fungicides kunceda ukukhusela isifo - i-Topaz, i-Bayleton, i-Skor, i-Topsin.
3. I-Medvedku , i- scoop , I- Mayetle , ezinye iinambuzane ngexesha lokulima zichithwa kunye nama-granulated preparations-Boverin, Anti-Medvedka, RembeK.