Indlela yokukhulisa utamatisi kwi-greenhouse - iingcebiso ezisebenzayo kubalimi

Ukuba ufuna ukuvuna imifuno entwasahlobo okanye yonke loo nyaka, ulwazi malunga nendlela yokukhulisa utamatisi kwi-greenhouse kubalulekile kwaye luyimfuneko. Kukho inani leempawu ekufuneka zithathwe kwi-akhawunti ukuze zithole isivuno esincinci, esikhulu kunye nesicatyambo esinamatyambo.

Utamatisi - iintlobo ze-greenhouse

Iimarike inikeza uluhlu olubanzi lweentlobo zentamatyambo kunye neyona nto efanelekileyo yokukhula kwi-greenhouse zezi zilandelayo:

1. Mandarin. Izihlahla eziphakamileyo zinemizuzu engama 90-100. Kwi-shayibhi ingaba neziqhamo ezi-10 zombala we-orange ocebileyo, obunzima be-75-110 g.
2. "Ibhulashi igolide." Ubude behlathi bufika malunga ne-1.5 m. Izityalo enye yezona zintlobo zentyatyambo kwi-greenhouse, ukususela kwiintsuku ezingama-96-98. Imifuno umbala wegolide obomvu awukho mkhulu kwaye ufikelela kuma-25-30 g, kodwa ingcamango ayifani.
3. "Ipayipi ye-raspberry". Ukusebenzisa olu luhlu, isivuno singatholakala kwiintsuku ezingama-85 ukuya kwi-970. Ihlathi liyakhula ukuya ku-105-140 cm. Iziqhamo zenziwe zibomvu zibomvu. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba emva kokukhula kweetamatato zigcinwa ixesha elide kwaye zihanjiswa kakuhle.
4. "Iqela elimnandi." Izilwanyana ezide kakhulu, ngoko ke amahlathi afikelela kwindawo ephakamileyo ukuya kuma-3 m. Kumele ahlanganisane aze afake iziqu ezibini. Le ngqungquthela inceda ukufumana izityalo ezininzi. Kwibhayisiki nganye ingafikelela kwi-20-50 iziqhamo ezintle.

Indlela yokutyala utamatisi kwi-greenhouse?

Unqwenela ukufumana isivuno esicebileyo, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela inani leengcebiso zokukhula:

1. Ulunge kunabanye, iindawo zokugcina izithombo, ezenziwe ngeglasi okanye i-polycarbonate, ziye zacetyiswa ukuba zikhule imifuno.
2. Cinga ukuba ebusika, ukufumana utamatisi kwi-greenhouse, ukulima kunye nokunyamekela kubandakanya umbutho wokufudumala, ukuhlanjululwa okongeziweyo nokufudumala komhlaba.
3. Kubalulekile ukukhetha iindidi, ulungise umhlaba kwaye ubeke yonke into ngexesha elihle.
4. Ukuba unomdla kwindlela yokukhula iitamatisi ezicolileyo kwi-greenhouse, ke qwa lasela ukuba awukwazi ukutshala ngaphandle kweikomkom neepatata.

Uyakutyala nini na utamatisi kwindawo yokutshisa?

Kubalulekile ukutshintshela izityalo zibe kwigumbi elulungisiweyo xa likulungele. Oku kuya kubonakaliswa yimpawu:

• Ukuphakama kwesityalo kufuneka kube ngu-25-35 cm;
• Ubukho beBu kuqala;
• Umbala wamahlumela kunye namaqabunga - obumnyama obumnyama;
• ububanzi bomgama kufuneka ubuncinane i-1 cm entanyeni yentamo;
• kufuneka kubekho ubuncinci amaqabunga ayisixhenxe aphuhlisiwe;
• Inkqubo yenkcenkcesho kufuneka ifake i-substrate kakuhle kwaye ibe neengcambu ezimhlophe.

Ukuqonda isihloko - xa kulunge ukutyala utamatisi kwindawo yokubumba, kubalulekile ukuba ukhombe ukuba ukuba imbewu isele ikhulu, ngoko kufuneka unqunyulwe phezulu, ususe amaqabunga aphantsi uze uyifake emanzini. Kwiintsuku ezimbalwa emva koko, iingcambu zenziwa kwindawo yazo. Ngaphambi kokutyala, susa amaqabunga e-cotyledon. Ukukhulisa izihlahla ezinempilo, iibhokisi ezinemihlano kufuneka ziqale zifakwe kwi-greenhouse ukwenzela ukuba zilungelelanise iintsuku ezimbalwa.

Ngakanani izinga lokushisa kufuneka utyalate ityalwe kwi-greenhouse?

Kunconywa ukuba ukutshintshwa kuqhutywe xa ilanga liyakwazi ukufudumala usuku lokutsalwa kwetreenhouse ukuze ubusuku bushushu bungabi phantsi kwe-8 ° C. Ukuqwalasela umbuzo wendlela yokutshala utamatisi kwi-greenhouse ngokufanelekileyo, kufuneka uqikelele ukuba ubushushu bomhlaba bube ngu-15 ° C. Ukuba ixabiso liphantsi, iingcambu aziyi kuphila kwaye zife.

Zikude kangakanani ukutshala iitamatisi kwi-greenhouse?

Ekubeni kubalulekile ukukhula ngokucoca kakuhle, i- pasynkovanie kunye nezinye iinkqubo, kufuneka uqaphele ukufumaneka kweendawo ezikhululekile kuzo zonke izicwangciso.

1. Xa ukhetha iintlobo ezide xa utshalwa utamatisi kwi-greenhouse, umgama phakathi kweetatayi kufuneka ushiye i-50-60 cm. Ukuba loo ndawo ingaphelelanga, ungatshala utamatisi kwimigangatho emibini okanye ngokwemigaqo ye chess.
2. Ukuba ufuna ukukhulisa iintlobo ezisezantsi, umgama ungancitshiswa ube ngu-40 cm.

Ukunyamekela utamatisi kwi-greenhouse

Emva kokuhamba, akukho mfuneko yokuba nethemba lokuba iitamatisi ziya kukhula ngokwabo, kuba ngaphandle kokunyamekela okwaneleyo ukufumana isivuno esisisityebi nje asiyi kusebenza. Ukuze ukhulise imifuno enempilo, kufuneka uqaphele ukushisa okufanelekileyo, ukhethe ngokufanelekileyo umhlaba kunye nokunisela. Ukunyamekela utamatisi kwi- glasshouse eyenziwe nge-polycarbonate okanye igalazi kubandakanya i-pasynkovanie kunye ne- garter ngokuhambelana neemfuno.

Ukushisa kwi-greenhouse ye-tomato

Utamatisi yi-thermophilic, kwaye kunye nokunyuka okuphantsi kweqondo lokushisa kwabo kungabulala. Kulabo abanomdla kwindlela yokukhulisa iitamatati ezintle kwi-greenhouse, kukho imithetho ekhethekileyo yolawulo lokushisa:

1. Xa isityalo sityalwe kwindawo yokutshisa, ukushisa kufuneka kube malunga ne-15 ° C kwaye kufuneka kwandiswe kancane kancane.
2. Xa ixabiso liphakama ukuya ku-25-30 ° C, izityalo zamatamatayi kwi-greenhouse ziya kuqala ukukhula ngamandla. Ukuqinisekisa ukuba ayithethi ngokweqile, kucetyiswa ukunciphisa amanani kwi-15 ° C. Ngenxa yoko, inkqubo yeengcambu izomelezwa.
3. Akukhuthazwa ukunciphisa izinga lokushisa ngaphantsi komda ochazwe ngasentla, njengoko utamatisi kwi-greenhouse iya kuqala ukuphucula kunye nophuhliso luya kumisa.

Umhlaba weetamatato kwi-greenhouse

Kubalulekile ukukhetha umhlaba ofanelekileyo wokunyuka imifuno kwaye oku, qwalasela imigaqo ethile:

1. Kuba le nkcubeko inokukhetheka kwimihlaba ekhanyayo, apho i-acidity isondele ngakumbi ekubeni ingathathi hlangothi. Ukuba ixabiso linyuka, sebenzisa izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo, ezifana nomlotha okanye i-lime.
2. Abagadi beligadi bacebisa ukuba benze emigqumeni yomhlaba ngama-40-50 cm kwaye balala apho utshani okanye umquba. Emva koko, umhlaba okhutshiwe ubuyiselwa kwisayithi. Qaphela ukuba ukuchithwa kwezinto ezinobungozi kukhulula i-carbon dioxide, eyingozi kubantu kwaye ingakhokelela ekubeni yingozi.
3. Umhlaba kwi-greenhouse ye-tomato akufanele iqule umsila kunye nezibungu zezilwanyana. Umhlaba kufuneka ukhululeke, obaluleke ukugcina umswakama. Ungasebenzisa izinto eziphazamisayo, umzekelo, i-perlite, i-vermiculite okanye i-ash. Qaphela ukuba i-pH imele ibe kwinqanaba lee-6.5-7.
4. Enye inqaku esuka kubalimi abanamava - ukuba utamatisi sele ikhulile iminyaka emininzi kwindawo enye, kungcono ukutshintsha umgca ophezulu womhlaba (malunga no-40 cm).

Ukunkcenkceshela iitamatayi kwindawo yokuthambisa

Iingcali zinika imithetho emininzi ngokuphathelele ukutyilisa, apho zonke izityalo kufuneka zikwazi ukuze zikhule ezihlahleni ezilungileyo:

1. Inkqubo yokunkcenkceshela isetyenziswa, kwaye amanzi akufanele afumane amaqabunga omhlaba. Inkqubo yenziwa kanye ngeveki kwaye isityalo ngasinye kufuneka sibe neelitha ezingama-5 zamanzi.
2. Ukutshiza utamatisi kwi-greenhouse kufuneka kwenziwe kwintambama. Ungasebenzisi amanzi abandayo, ngaphandle koko ungadlukisa imeko yezityalo.
3. Xa utamatisi uqala ukuvelisa iziqhamo, ukunyusa kufuneka kunyuswe kwaye amaconsi amanzi kufuneka asetyenziswe kangcono.
4. Emva kokunisela, kucetyiswa ukuba uvuselele indawo yendawo yokuhlala. Kwiiveki ezintathu ngaphambi kokuvuna, kufuneka unqande ukutyilisa izityalo, eziza kukunceda ukukhawuleza inkqubo yokuvuthwa.
5. Ukufumanisa indlela yokukhulisa utamatisi kwi-greenhouse, kubalulekile ukubonisa ukuba xa kukho ukungabikho kobumswakama, amaqabunga emahlathini aya kupheka, kwaye ukuba kukho amanzi amaninzi, kuya kuvela iintlobo zezityalo eziza kubonakala.

Ukugqoka okuphezulu kweetamatato kwi-greenhouse

Ukuze ufumane imifuno emikhulu, enomsila kunye nemnandi, ukugqoka okuphezulu kuyimfuneko. Kukho iinkalo ezininzi malunga nokukhethwa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwesichumiso kwiitato kwi-greenhouse:

1. Utamatisi uphendula kakuhle kwiingcambu kunye neqabunga lokuqhumisa.
2. Ngomhla wama-20 emva kokutyala, kuyimfuneko ukufeza isityalo sokuqala. Unokuthenga iimxube ezikhethekileyo kwisitorethi, kwaye ungasebenzisa olu hlobo: 5 amalitha amanzi, i-0.5 ilitha ye-mullein, i-17 g ye-superphosphate kunye ne-25 g ye-ash ash. Kwi-tomato nganye kunconywa ukuba ungeze i-0.5 liters yesisombululo.
3. Ngexesha lohlaza, ingcambu yokugqoka kunye nohlobo olufanayo okanye izongezo ezithengiweyo kufuna iimfuno ezibini ezili-10 kunye neentsuku ezingama-20 emva kokuqala. Okwesithathu, umlotha kunye ne-superphosphate kufuneka zisetyenziswe.
4. Ngokuphathelele ukutshiza, le nkqubo ayikho imfuneko, kodwa ukuba ifunwa, inokwenziwa ngokusebenzisa i-calcium nitrate.

Ukugubha utamatisi kwi-greenhouse

I-trunk yesityalo phantsi kwesisindo sesiqhamo sinokubamba kwaye siphule, ngoko i-garter iyimfuneko ebalulekileyo. Ukulungiswa kwexesha lokuqala kuyenzeka xa befikelela kubude bemitha engama-40-50. Kule meko, sebenzisa izikhonkwane ezincinci kunye neentlobo zeethambo eziluhlaza. Kukho iindlela ezininzi zokubopha utamatato kwi-greenhouse xa bekhula:

1. Kwiintsika zokhuni . Phantse utamatisi ngamnye ibali livalwe, apho i-trunk iboshwe khona, emele imele ngqo. Yenza oku phakathi naphambili.
2. Ku-trellis. Le ndlela ayilungelekanga ukutyalela, kuba kwiimeko ezininzi zithuba lilinganiselwe.
3. Ukucoca okanye uloliwe. Ukufumana indlela yokukhulisa utamatisi kwi-greenhouse kunye nendlela yokuyibopha ngokufanelekileyo, awukwazi ukuphelelwa yinto ekhethiweyo. Kuphezulu kweso sakhiwo, kuyimfuneko ukutsala intambo, apho kukho iintambo eziqinileyo kunye nabo ukulungisa izihlahla zetamatati. Abagadi beligadi bacebisa ukusebenzisa iindlela ezidibeneyo, oko kukuthi, bayibophe intambo ngaphandle kwesiqithi, kodwa kwiintsika uze uvale itekisi.

Indlela yokugqoka iitato kwi-greenhouse?

Inkqubo yokususa amahlumela angafunekiyo kubangela ukuba abaninzi abantu bangathandabuzeki. Kukho iingcebiso ezininzi malunga nendlela yokucoca utamatisi kwiindawo zokugcina izithombo, eziza kuphendula yonke imibuzo enomdla:

1. Okokuqala udinga ukuchonga ngokuchanekileyo abantwana. Nokuba ikhona encinci, inamagqabi. Ukongezelela, i-stepon isoloko ikhona phakathi kwesiqu kunye nesiseko seqabunga.
2. Ukususwa kuyenziwa emva kokuba ubude bezinyathelo ziya kuba ngu-3-6 cm, kodwa akukho. Ukuxuba iifom ezongezelelweyo kuyimfuneko kumgama we 1-2 cm ukusuka kwisiseko sabo. Ngenxa yoko, kuya kuba nesincinci esincinci.
3. Ukuqonda indlela yokukhulisa utamatisi kwi-greenhouse, kubalulekile ukuthetha ukuba kubalulekile ukufezekisa inkqubo kulo lonke ubomi besityalo ukwenzela ukuba uqondise umkhosi ukubopha nokuvuthwa iziqhamo. Yenza oku kude kube ngu-11.
4. Kubalulekile ukuqwalasela ukuba inyana, ephantsi kombhobho ophezulu awukwazi ukususwa. Emva kwenkqubo, utamatisi olutyayo awunqatshelwe.