Isityalo yimiyezo ye-blueberry e-USA, yafika eYurophu kwinqanaba elidlulileyo kwaye yayisungulwa ngokuqinisekileyo kwiindawo zokuhlala zasehlobo nasezikhungweni zoshishino. Amajikijolo ayaziwa ngenxa yokunambitha kwawo okumnandi kwaye enomuncu, anamaqondo amaninzi ama-acids kunye noshukela. Ziyakulungele ukulondolozwa kunye nokuqhwala, ngelixa zigcina ingcamango yazo kunye neempawu zonyango.
I-Gardenberryberry - inkcazo
Ubumnyama obomvu, phantse obumnyama, obuhlanganiswe ngentyantyambo ebomhlophe yeebhanki ze-blueberry, ezininzi zinjenge. Zizinkulu kwaye ziyinyama, zikhula ehlathini, zineengcamango ezibalaseleyo. Izithelo zigcwele izinto ezincedo, i-100 g yeeriteji iqulethe i-0.81 g ye-potassium, i-0.01 g yensimbi kunye ne-0.14 g ye-vitamin C. Zinefuthe lokuthintela ezintsheni, intliziyo, ukuphucula umbono, ukunciphisa amazinga eeshukela egazi , khuthaza ukukhutshwa kwerusi yesisu. Ngoko ke, abantu abaninzi bafuna ukuhlakulela le mimangaliso-berry engadini.
Inkcazo emfutshane yenkcubeko:
- Iingcambu zesityalo zinyango, ngaphandle kwamasebe aseburhulumenteni;
- amahlumela - akha, ahlanganiswe ngamagxolo;
- Ihlathi, kuxhomekeka kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo, linokuphakama kweemitha ezi-1-2;
- ushiya i-smooth, iyonke, i-lanceolate, ukuya kwi-3 cm ubude;
- iintyatyambo ezinhlanu, ezinobumba obomvu okanye obomhlophe;
- amajikijolo anemibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngokuqhakaza okwesibhakabhaka, isisindo - ukusuka kwi-1 ukuya kuma-25 amagremu, kuxhomekeke kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo.
Izihlahla eziphakamileyo ze-blueberry, ehlotyeni zigqityiwe ngamajikijolo ombala wasezulwini, zihlala zihlala zihleli. Zikhulu kunamahlathi kwaye zichasene nezifo ezininzi. Isityalo siyakuthanda ukulungelelanisa unyaka wonke - siqhakaza entwasahlobo, sihluma kakuhle ehlobo, amaqabunga abe ngorali ekwindla. Kubantu, omnye umgangatho wesityalo uphawulwa - ekushiseni kuphuma amafutha abalulekileyo, okokuba xa ukuxiliswa kubangela ukuvalelwa kancinci lula. Ngoko ke, inkcubeko yayibizwa ngegama elithi "udakile".
Uhlobo lwee-blueberries
Ababelethi bakhiqiza iintlobo ezininzi kunye nemifuno yegadi yeblueberries (malunga ne-20), eyahlukileyo kwiimpawu zabo. Iintlahlela zakuqala zihlabelelwa ngoJulayi-Agasti, ngo-Septemba. Kukho izilwanyana ezide kunye nezityalo eziphantsi, ezininzi zazo ezixhatshazwa kwiqhwa, intwasahlobo yentsholongwane ibeka ingozi kwiintyatyambo. Hayizo zonke iintlobo zangaphandle ezingqinelana neemeko ezisemantla - abafihlakeleyo baphumelela ukukhula ngokwedlula i-30% kuphela. Ngako oko, iindidi zokuvuthwa kunye neyokuqala zihlwayelwa ngcono kwiindawo eziphakathi.
Igadi yeBlueberry - iindidi ezintle kakhulu:
- IBlueberger Garden Northbloom. Iindidi zifutshane, isiqithi sifinyelela ukuphakama kwe-90 cm. Amajikijolo avuthwa ukususela ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti, isityalo-ukuya kwi-3 kg ukusuka ehlathini. Iintlobo zininzi, zigcinwe ixesha elide, zicetyiswa ukusetyenziswa kwoshishino kunye nokusetyenziswa okutsha. Iintlobo zeNorbblo zibonakaliswa ngokunyamezela kwamaqabunga, akupheli kwi-35 ° С.
- Gardenberry Elizabeth. Inkcubeko ende, inokwakheka kwamahlathi angama-1.8 ubude bendawo. Isidima sayo senziwa ngokulula ngokucoca. Amaqanda aqala ukuqhubeka ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti, i-fruiting ihlala malunga neveki ezimbini, isivuno-4-6 kg kwihlathi. Zikhulu (ukuya kwi-22 mm.), Yiba nekhanda elihlaza okomvu, elimnandi kwaye elimnandi. U-Elizabethe - enye yezona zinto zifikelele ekupheleni kwintyatyambo kunye neengcamango, nangona ukuba isabelo sesityalo asinakho ixesha lokuvuthwa.
- Ibhonasi yeBlueberry Garden. Le yona nkcubeko enkulu kunazo zonke. Iibroji zifikelela kuma-30 mm. ububanzi, ukuvuthwa ngoJulayi-Agasti, okumnandi ukunambitha. Zifanele ukusetyenziswa ngokutsha kunye nokuqhwa. Iindidi zinyamezela ukubandisa.
Iintlobo zokuqala zegadi zeblueberries
Iingxowa zeeblueberries zinokuyonwabela sele ziphakathi kwehlobo. Iintlobo ezidumileyo eziphambili zi:
- Blueberries Garden Blugold. Iintlobo zokuqala, zinesihlathi esasasazekayo. Iintyatyambo ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kunye nenyama enomsindo ococekileyo, ekulungele ukusetyenziswa ekuqaleni kukaJulayi. Iibhere ziyabuna, kufuneka ziqokelelwe ngokukhawuleza. Imveliso - 4,5 kg ukusuka ehlathini. Inkcubeko ivame ukufumana isithwathwa, esifanelekileyo kwiindawo ezisenyakatho.
- I-Gardenberryberry Duke. Ukude, ukuvumela (i-8 kg ukusuka kwinqaba), iintlobo zokuqala ezingesabi ngqabunga entwasahlobo - iintyatyambo zibophelelwe ekupheleni, amajikijolo avela phakathi kukaJulayi. Iingqimba zeblueberry garden Garden Duc kufuneka ikhwekwe ukuze izityalo zikhulu. Amajikijolo anomnandi kakhulu kunye nevumba.
Indlela yokukhulisa i-blueberries kwinqanaba lomyezo?
Xa ugqiba indlela yokukhulisa i-bruberryberry engadini, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela iimfuno eziphambili kwiimeko zokulima kwazo:
- ukhethe indawo yelanga, ehlanganiswe ngumoya (emthunzini isivuno siya kuba mnandi kunye ncinane);
- ukucacisa i-acidity yomhlaba - isalathisi siyadingeka kwimida ye-3.5-4.5 (ukwenzela ukuqiniswa kweparameter, i-sawdust evela kumthi we-coniferous yongezwa);
- isayithi lokutyala kufuneka imele iminyaka emininzi "ngaphantsi kwesinyawo" (akukho nto yokuhlala phantsi);
- umhlaba udinga ukungafihli, ukunyusa umoya (udongwe obumdongwe alufanelekanga iingcambu);
- ixesha lokulima - entwasahlobo okanye ekwindla. Ukuqhawula kwangaphambili kunokuthenjwa ngakumbi kwixesha elizayo lokubanda.
Indlela yokutyala umyezo weblueberry?
Iingcebiso - indlela yokutshala igadi yeblueberry:
- Ukutsala imingxuma ibamba ububanzi be-60 cm kunye nobude obungama-40 cm;
- ubeke i-substrate-sphagnum peat, i-coniferous sawdust, i-moss;
- emgodini beka 2 tbsp. iipuni ze-sulfure zomhlaba acidification;
- Izithombo ezivela ebhodweni, kunye ne-clay, ziyancitshiswa emanzini isiqingatha seyure, ngoko ipropus ixoxwe kakuhle kwaye ihlumela ihlonyelwe emigodini;
- Emva kokufakela omncinci, umhlaba ojikeleze isiqhamo uyagqitywa kwaye ifakwe.
- Ukusuka ngentla, umhlaba uhlanganiswe ne-sawdust 5 cm thick, xa ihlanganiswe, ifakwe nge nitrogen kunye ne-acids.
I-berryberry yimiyezo ikhula njani?
I nkcubeko yi shrub. Ngako oko ukutyala umyezo we-blueberry wenziwa ngemigca ngexesha elilodwa ukusuka kwinye imbewu ukuya kwenye i-1.5 m, phakathi kwemigca-1 m. Iiparitha ezinjalo zakhethwa ngenxa yeempawu zesityalo, ezinokukhula zibe zikhulu, kwaye amagatsha alala phezu komhlaba. Ngaphansi kweso sikimu, inkcubeko ithola ukukhanya okuphezulu kwaye ivelise kangangoko kunokwenzeka.
Ukunyamekela kwimiyezo yeblueberry
Ukususa ukhula ngumgaqo obaluleke kakhulu wokulima. Akukho zityalo zasemzini ezivunyelwe - zivala iipore emhlabeni kwaye zinciphisa ukutyiswa kwehlathi. Ubunzulu bokukhupha - 10 cm, ukuze ungalonakalisi iingcambu. Ukukhula okutyebileyo kwamajikijolo kuxhomekeke ekutheni ukuthambisa okufanelekileyo - ingadi yebraberry ibinomtsalane-onothando, uluhlu oluphezulu lwe-substrate kufuneka luhlale lumanzi. Xa kushushu, kuyadingeka ukunisela isithsaba ngamanzi afudumele kusasa okanye kusihlwa. Ukongezelela, ukugcinwa kwenzelwa ukutyala kunye nokuchumisa, ingadi yeblueberry ifanelekile kuphela ukucoca ngamaminerali. Ngobusika iziseko zeentsika zinyuka nge-sawdust.
Umhlaba ukwenzela i-blueberries
Isityalo sithanda isanti, umhlaba we-peaty, kulula ukungena emanzini nasemoyeni. Inkcubeko ikhula kakuhle kuphela kumhlaba oqiniweyo kunye ne-pH ye-3.5-4.5 - iyadingeka kwifungus ehambelana nesiqithi kwaye idlala indima yeenwele zengcambu, ezingekho kwisityalo ngokwazo. Emva kokutyala, ngexesha le-sulfur kunye neesaliti zongezwa emgodini we-acidification, ukunakekelwa kwimiyezo ye-blueberry kwimizi yokunisela. Ubuncinane kabini ngeveki, i-citric acid (50 gram nganye kwibhakethi) yongezwa kumanzi. Inokuthi ithatyathelwe iviniga-50 ml. 10 ilitha amanzi.
I-Gardenberryberry - yokunisela
Esi sityalo sihlambulukile, sidinga ukunyamezela rhoqo. Imifuno yegadi ye-blueberry idinga ukuphuhlisa icebo lokunkcenkceshela, apho iingcambu ziyakunelisa ukunyusa, kodwa aziyi kuhlawulela ngaphezu kweentsuku ezimbalwa. Moisten i-blueberry kabini ngeveki, uchithe ibhakede lamanzi phantsi kwesityalo ngasinye sabantu abadala kusasa okanye kusihlwa. Ngokukodwa ihlathi lifuna ukunyanzeleka ngoJulayi noAgasti, emva kokuveliswa kweentyatyambo zeziqhamo ezizayo.
Ukondla i-blueberries
Ukutshala izityalo kuqala kunyaka wesibili wokulima kwaye kuqhutywe emva nje kwebusika kuphela kunye ne-mineral compounds. Yongeza izityalo ezichumisayo ( umquba , umlotha, umgquba) onqatshelwe - zichaphazela kakubi ihlathi. Yintoni enokuyondla intwasahlobo yase-blueberry entwasahlobo ukuze kukhuthazwe ukukhula kwayo:
- i-superphosphate (100 amagremu kwihlathi);
- i-ammonium sulfate ;
- i-sulfate ye-zinc (2 g kwihlathi);
- i-sulfate ye potassium (i-2 g kwi-bush);
- I-magnesium ye-sulfuric (15 g kwihlathi).
I-ammonium sulphate ifakwe kwizigaba ezintathu-ngexesha lokuvuvukala komhlaba, ekuqaleni kukaMeyi noJuni. Ngokomyinge, gxiba i-90 g. Umyezo we-blueberry ngokwawo ukwazisa ukuba yeyiphi imfuyo eyimfuneko:
- Ukuba amaqabunga aphikisayo entwasahlobo, kufuneka i-phosphates;
- ukuba zithe zaphela kwaye zincinci, i-nitrogeni yongezwa;
- ukumnyama kwamagqabi kubonisa ukungabikho kwe potassium;
- i-yellowing - ukungabikho kwe-boron.
Ukuprintwa kwegadi yebraberry
Kunyaka ngamnye ukuba adle amajikijolo amnandi, entwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuba i-buds ivuke, okanye ngekwindla emva kokuwa kokuwa, isihlahla kufuneka sinqunywe. Indlela yokukhulisa igadi ye-blueberry ngokwemimiselo yesithsaba:
- Iziqhamo zokubumba eziphambili zenziwa emva kweminyaka eyi-3-4 emva kokutyala isityalo. Oku kunciphisa onke amahlumela aphantsi, abuthathaka kwaye ahluthayo. Yiyeke ikhwelo kwaye ibekwe ngokulinganayo;
- Unyaka ngamnye, ukutyala izicwangciso kwenziwa. Ukwenza oku:
- ukurhoxisa amagatsha awonakele, abuthathaka, angenakukhuseleka;
- Amahlumela amakhulu asebenza iminyaka emi-5-6, emva kokuba anqunywe kumgangatho womhlaba;
- ekupheleni kwehlobo, iziqwenga zamasebe ezikhulayo zihluthwa;
- ukususa iifutha zamasebe amancinci ekupheleni kwamahlumela.
Izifo zeblueberry
Izihlahla zivame ukuchaphazeleka ngamafungal, izifo zebhaktheriya. Izifo eziqhelekileyo:
- Izifo zefungal:
- ukubola ;
- Umhlaza wesifo;
- ukungena kwexesha;
- fomopsis;
Zibangelwa ukuhlaselwa kwamanzi kwiingcambu kunye nokunyanzeliswa kobutyebi bomhlaba. Ukulungisa imeko, kuyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa ukuthambisa okufanelekileyo nokukhupha. Njengonyango 2-3 amaxesha atshabalalisa izityalo kunye nexesha elilodwa ngeveki ngokulungiselela i-Topaz (Topsin, Fundazolum) isetyenziswe. Ukunyamekela i-blueberry yaseburhulumenteni ngokwemiqathango yokukhusela izifo inikezela unyango lwe- Bordeaux umxube entwasahlobo nasemva kokuvuna.
- Izifo ezifayo. Ngamanye amaxesha isityalo sichaphazelwa yi-microplasma infections: i-mosaic, i-dwarfism, i-thinning of branches, i-necrotic spotting. Ukunyanga isiqithi akunakwenzeka - kuyimfuneko ukuhlambulula iimpawu ezigule.
Ukuzaliswa kwegadi ye-blueberry
Unokwandisa isityalo semibhobho ehlathini ngezindlela ezahlukeneyo. Indlela yokusasaza umyezo we-blueberry:
- Imbewu. Zifumaneka kwisiqhamo, esomile, zigcinwe iinyanga ezintathu kwiqrijini kwaye zifakwe kwi-substrate exutywe ne-peat enomuncu. Imbewu egutyungelwe i-cellophane, ithambisa amanzi, ikhulule. Unokutyala izityalo emhlabathini emva kweminyaka emi-2.
- Ukusika. Amahlumela ayenziwa ngekwindla okanye entwasahlobo. Ubungakanani obude bendlu ye-appendi ye-8-15 cm. Ukuze uphile ngexesha leenyanga, igcinwe ekushiseni okupholileyo kwama-1-5 degrees, kwaye ityalwe kwisakhiwo se-peat nesihlabathi ngokudibanisa no-3: 1. Iinqununu zifakwe phantsi kwefilimu kwaye zanisela kathathu ngeveki. Ngonyaka, khula izityalo ezinamandla, ezinokuthi zitshintshelwe kwindawo engapheliyo.
- Ukubeka. Amagatsha aphantsi, angcwatyelwe kwicandelwana (i-peat, sawdust, isanti) kwaye ihlanganiswe nefilimu. Ukususela kwinqaba lomama iingqungquthela ziyahlukana kunyaka ozayo, kodwa ngexesha eli gama ixesha liyanda.