Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zeenguqu ekucaceni kombono, ezidumileyo ziyi-myopia kunye ne-hyperopia. I-Astigmatism isoloko ihamba "ihamba" ngezifo, ngamanye amaxesha ngokuzalwa. Ngomlinganiselo olula, kubantu abaninzi, kwaye ayibangeli nto. Kwezinye iimeko, ukukhubazeka kubangela ukuba umonakalo ungabonakalisi kwaye ufune ukulungiswa.
I-Astigmatism - yintoni na?
Ukuguqulelwa ukusuka kulwimi lwesiLatini, ingxaki ekuthethwa ngayo ichazwa ngokungabikho kweyona ndawo. Ukudala umfanekiso ochanekileyo, i-cornea yeso kunye ne-lens kufuneka ifakwe ibhola yebhola (ibhola). Ngenxa yokujikeleza okufanelekileyo, ukukhanya kukhankanywe ngokuchanekileyo kwaye kugxininise ngqo phakathi kwe-retina kwenye indawo (macula). I-Astigmatism, ngamazwi alula, i-cornea ephothiweyo okanye i-lens (ngaphantsi kancinci), njengebhola kwibhola lebhola laseMelika okanye umbhoxo. Ngenxa yokuphakanyiswa kweminye imirhubhe, ukukhanya akukhangeki ngokuchanekileyo, kwaye iindawo ezijoliswe kuzo ziyakhiwa.
Isalathisi esingezansi sinceda ukuqonda kangcono i-astigmatism - yintoni na, kwaye yintoni indlela yokwakhiwa komfanekiso kwi-retina. Umfanekiso ubonisa iso eliphilileyo, kunye ne-cornea ejikelezayo kunye ne-lens. Imibala iyaphikishwa kunye nomfundi ngokucacileyo ukusuka kuyo yonke indawo, kwaye iguqule kwelinye iphuzu eliphakathi kwe-retina. Iliso lesibini kumfanekiso, elibethelwa ngu-astigmatism, lidlulisa ukukhanya kwii-angles ezahlukeneyo. Ngenxa yoko, kukho iipalini ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu. Ziyakwazi ukufakwa phambi kwe-retina okanye emva kwayo, kwaye umntu uya kubona yonke into ephazamisekileyo okanye ephosakeleyo.
I-Astigmatism - izizathu
Izizathu ezibangela ukuba lesi sifo sibekwe ngamaqela angama-2. Izizathu ze-astigmatism zinokuzalwa kunye nokufumana. Kwimeko yokuqala, akunakwenzeka ukuphazamisa umngcipheko wokuphuhlisa i-pathology, okanye ukwenza inqanda. Izifo ezifunyenweyo zivele zikhona ngexesha lobomi bomntu ngaphantsi kweempembelelo zeemeko ezimbi zangaphandle.
I-astigmatism ye-Congenital - izizathu
I-99% yabemi behlabathi baye bachazwa ngesiphene. Iqondo nje lokukhawuleka kwe-cornea okanye i-lens lincinci kangangokuba i-astigmatism yamehlo omabili ayedluli kwi-di-turner ye-0.4-0.5. Esi sibonakaliso esincinci asinakuchaphazela ubunzima bokubukeka kwaye asibangeli ukuphazamiseka kwimihla ngemihla. Ukuphazamiseka kwenzeka xa ubukhawuko bungaphezulu kwe 0.75 diopters. Isizathu esisodwa esibangela ukuba i-astigmatism ebunzima yamehlo yindoda. Ngenxa yezilwanyana ezithile zomzimba, umntwana uvelisa i-cornea ephilileyo okanye i-lens elongated one-one axxes.
I-astigmatism ifumanekayo
Ukuphululwa kobunzima beendawo ezithile zeso lingaba ngumntu omdala. I-astigmatism efunyenweyo okanye yesibini-ibangela:
- ukuxhatshazwa kweso kunye nomonakalo kwi-lens okanye kwi-cornea;
- ukungenelela kwamathambo;
- keratoconus ;
- ukutshisa i-conjunctiva okanye i-cornea;
- keratitis ;
- dystrophy ;
- iinkqubo ezivuthayo kwiso;
- isifo sejwabu leso;
- izifo ezinobungozi kunye neentsholongwane zentsholongwane;
- izibonda, izikram kwi-cornea.
I-Astigmatism - iintlobo, udidi
Kwi-ophthalmology iifom ezi-5 ze-pathology ezixutywayo ziyabonakala. Ukukhawulwa kwe-lens okanye i-cornea ihlala idibene ne-hyperopia (hypermetropia) okanye i-myopia (myopia). Ngokuhambelana nesifo esithintekayo, i-astigmatism ibalwa:
- hypermetropic;
- myopic.
Ukunikezelwa kwenkcazelo ye-astigmatism, oku kukuphakanyiswa kwe-cornea okanye i-lens ngenye yeexes (ezitshiyo okanye ezingezantsi), i-ophthalmologists ziqikelela ubunzima bayo kwiimeridians. Ukuba sihlula ngokwengqondo i-4 kwiingxenye ezilinganayo nge-2 imizila ye-perpendicular, kummandla ngamnye kufuneka kube neengxenye ezifanayo kunye nomlinganiso. Ukuba i-cornea okanye i-lens igubungelwe enye ye-meridians, iigumbi ziya kwandiswa kunye enye yeexes, njengoko kuboniswe kumfanekiso. Esi sibonakaliso sinquma ukulula kunye nobunzima be-pathology.
Simple hypermetropic astigmatism
Uhlobo oluchaziweyo lwesifo ludibanisa ukutshintshwa okuqhelekileyo kokukhanya kwi-meridiya enye, kwaye kungalunganga - kwenye. Kunokwenzeka ukuchaza i-astigmatism enye ngenye indlela, ukuba oku kukuvela kwamanqaku amabini okugxininisa. Omnye ufumaneka ngokuchanekileyo, phakathi kwe-retina, kwaye enye isemva kwayo. I-astigmatism ye-Hypermetropic yefomu elula yenza ubonakala buthathaka, kodwa kungabonakali kakhulu. Kukulungiselela kakuhle unyango okanye ukulungiswa okucwangcisiweyo.
I-hypermetropic astigmatism
Kwimeko echaziweyo, ukukhanya kuphazamiseka ngokungalunganga kumabini omeridi. I-astigmatism enzima ye-hypermetropic uhlobo lujonge kwi-2-axxes, kodwa kwii-degrees ezahlukeneyo. Njengomphumo wokuchithwa okungafanelekanga kokukhanya nge-lens okanye i-cornea, akukho ndawo ejoliswe kuyo kwi-retina. Zitholakala emva kwayo kwimiba eyahlukileyo, enye enye, enye isondele.
Asommic astigmatism elula
Olu hlobo lwesifo lulula ukuluqonda ngokufana neentlobo zangaphambili. Ukwazi ingcaciso ye-myopia ( ukujonga kwangaphambili ), icacile kwaye idibene nayo njenge-astigmatism, ukuba lo luyilo linye lamaphuzu agxininise phambi kwe-macula. Kwi-retina ngenxa yale nto, akubonakali umfanekiso ocacileyo, kodwa indawo ephosakeleyo. I-astigmatism elula yalolu hlobo ichaza ubukho bendawo yesibini ejolise ngqo kwi-macula. Olu hlobo lweentsholongwane lukhokelela ekuboniseni i-myopia, kodwa kulungele ukulungiswa, ingakumbi ngeendlela zokutyanda.
I-compact myopic astigmatism
Ifomu ebonakalayo yokukhubazeka okubonakalayo ibonakaliswe ngokukhawuleka kwe-cornea okanye i-lens kwi-2 meridians. Ngesi sizathu, i-astigmatism ye-myopic yesimo esiyinkimbinkimbi ihambelana nokubona okufutshane. Kwi-macula, ayikho enye ingongoma yokugxila, zonke zikho phambi kwayo. Kwi-retina kukho kuphela indawo enkulu yokukhanya kunye neyobubanzi.
Astigmatism edibeneyo
Uhlobo oluthathwayo lwesifo lubhekwa luyinkimbinkimbi kwaye lukhokelela kumonakalo obonakalayo obonakalayo. I-Astigmatism ixutywe - yintoni na: i-myopic refraction of light kwi-meridian kunye ne-hypermetropic kwenye i-axis. Ngenxa yoko, akukho nto enye yokugxila kwi-retina. Ukuba iintlobo ezichazwe ngasentla ze-astigmatism, ezibandakanya eziyinkimbinkimbi, zibonisa ukugxininiswa kwemisebe ekhanyayo okanye phambi kwe-macula, ngoko ifom edibeneyo iyadibanisa le ngxaki. Elinye iphuzu lokugxila lifumaneka emva kwe-retina, kwaye enye ayifinyeleli.
I-Astigmatism - iimpawu
Umfanekiso weklinikhi we-pathology ayikho ngqo, ukuya kwinqanaba elithile lingenakunxulumene nesi sifo. Imiqondiso enokwenzeka:
- ukukhawuleza kwamehlo;
- i-defocus yemboniso;
- iintloko zihlala zihlala zijikeleza;
- ukuphazamiseka, ukuphazamiseka, ukuphindwe kabini komfanekiso obonwayo;
- imfuno yokuxhamla xa ukhangela izinto;
- uxinzelelo lwamehlo;
- intlungu, ukuvutha komsindo emehlweni ;
- ubomvu wamaprotheni ngenxa yokuthulula imilambo yegazi;
- ukuvakalelwa kwintlabathi emehlweni.
Ubunzima kunye nenani lale mpawu kuxhomekeke kwinqanaba le-astigmatism:
- Ukusilela - ukuya kwi-diopters ezi-3. Olu luhlu oluqhelekileyo nolulungileyo lwe-pathology, ngenxa yokuba lunokuphulukiswa kakuhle naziphi na iindlela ezikhoyo.
- Umyinge - ukuya kwi-diopters engama-6. Iimpawu ze-astigmatism zibonakaliswe kakhulu kangangokuba izilungiso kwiiglasi azikho. Iilensi okanye ukuhlinzwa kufuneka.
- Izindleko ezinkulu-ezingaphezu kwe-6. Le fomu ibonakaliswe utshintsho olubi kumlo we-cornea. Ingxaki inokulungiswa kuphela ngeendlela zokusebenza.
I-Astigmatism - unyango
Ulwaphulo lwe-curne of cornea okanye i-lens lixhomekeke kwisigulana sesifo kunye nobunzima bekliniki yayo. Ukulungiswa kwe-astigmatism kwenziwa ngeendlela ezine, ngokuqhelekileyo zidibene kunye:
- ukugqoka iilensi ezidibeneyo ;
- ukusebenzisa iiglasi;
- msebenzi weklasi;
- utyando lwe laser.
IiLens kunye ne-astigmatism
Olu khetho lonyango lufanelekile ukulungisa ubunzima obuphantsi kunye nobunzima bobuchopho. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zeelensi:
- Ngaphandle. Iingongoma ze-astigmatism zikhethwe ngabanye kwisigulane ngasinye emva kokuxilongwa ngokugqithiseleyo, ngexesha apho isigaba sesifo kunye nesimo sawo esifanele sizimisele ngayo, ngeenkcazo ze-angle yokugxilwa kwembono. Iilensi zinomfanekiso ojikelezayo kunye nesakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi. Kwezinye izigulane i-ophthalmologist egqoke izibuko ezinjalo zivuselela iimvakalelo ezingathandekiyo-iintloko zentlungu, intlungu emehlweni, ukungahambi kakuhle nokusila.
- Uqhagamshelwano. Ekuqaleni ukulungiswa kwe-astigmatism, kwakusetyenziswa iilensi ezinzima, ezibangele ubunzima ekusebenziseni kwabo. Baye baphazamisa iliso, behamba kunye nokuma, ukutshisa, ukuvakala kwentlabathi kunye nezinye iziphazamiso. Kwi-ophthalmology yanamhla, iilensi zokuxhamla i-torsi zihlala zichongiwe. Zithambile, kodwa zibe nesimo esithile spherocylindrical shape. Oku kunika ukulungiswa kombono ngaphandle kokungalungi kwezixhobo ezinzima.
Ayikho iiglasi, okanye adibana neelensi zikhetho ezifanelekileyo zokuphelisa i-astigmatism. Baye bamncede umntu ukuba abone ngokucacileyo, kodwa angagqithisi imbangela ebalulekileyo ye-pathology. Iilensi ziya kufuneka zihlale ziguqulwa, kwaye umbono uza kuhlahloka. Indlela efanelekileyo yokuphatha le sifo yonyango olukhulu - ukungenelela kokungena.
Izenzo ze-Astigmatism
I-gymnastics ebonakalayo imiselwe izigulane ezinezifo ezichazwe, kodwa kuphela ukukhusela ukukhubazeka okubonakalayo okanye kwizigaba zokuqala. Ukusetyenziswa rhoqo kwimihla ngemihla kwaye akuyona indlela efanelekileyo, indlela yokuphilisa i-astigmatism. I-Gymnastics ayinakusiza ukubuyisela isimo esifanelekileyo se-cornea okanye i-lens, ikhuphe ukuxhatshazwa kwamehlo kwaye iphucule ukujikeleza kwegazi kwendawo.
Umgangatho oqhelekileyo uquka ukuqhutyelwa kwezi-4 ezisisiseko, emva kokuba ngamnye kubalulekile ukuba uhlanganise iingubo zeempawu ze-5-10 imizuzwana kwaye uphumule:
- Khangela phezulu, uze uhla. Phinda amaxesha 10-15.
- Jongana nombono we-diagonally (ngokugqithiseleyo) phezulu naphantsi. Phinda kwakhona kwicala ngalinye ama-5-8.
- Khangela ngakwesobunxele, ngokufanelekileyo. Phinda amaxesha 10-20.
- Phendulela amehlo kwinqanaba kunye nokuhamba ngeeyure. Yenza 10-12 iphenduke.
Ukuqeqeshwa kakuhle kombono kunye nokukwazi ukugxila ngokukhawuleza nangokuchanekileyo ngumsebenzi olula ongenziwa rhoqo ekuseni. Kufuneka u eme ewindow kwaye uqaphele ngqalelo nayiphi na into eqhelekileyo-umthi, i-balcony esondelene nayo, intaka kwisebe. Emva kwemizuzwana engama-20 ukuya ku-30 kufuneka udlulise amehlo akho kwinto esondeleyo, umzekelo, isandla sakho okanye ipeni kwifestile. Phinda amaxesha amahlanu.
I-Astigmatism iyasebenza
Kukho iindlela ezininzi zokungenelela kuloo sifo. I-Astigmatism yonyango lweziliso ngeendlela ezinzulu:
- Keratotomy. Ngethuba lokusebenza, i-radial (njengesithethi kwiphepha) isaphula nge-scalpel isetyenziswe kwi-cornea. Oku kunceda ukuba buthathaka ukukhanya okungafanelekanga kokukhanya kwi-meridi ephihliweyo, eqinisekisa ukuba ukulungelelaniswa kokugxilwa kwinqanaba le-retina.
- Ukulungiswa kwe-Laser ye-astigmatism. Le ndlela iyona ndlela iphumelelayo kwaye ingenabuhlungu, ifanelekileyo kunyango lwezilwanyana ukuya kwi-diopters 3-4. Ngethuba lokusebenza, ugqirha uphazamisa isahlulo se-cornea ephilileyo nge-laser ngokubaluleka ngokubaluleka. Ngenxa yoko, ithola isimo esifanelekileyo somoya, esibonakalisa ikhono layo lokuhambisa ngokukhawuleza ukukhanya.
- Ukufakelwa kwimizila yamathambo e-torki. Le ndlela inikwe ukuba umsebenzi we-laser awunakwenzeka naziphi na izizathu. I-analogue contact toric lens, eyenziwe ngezinto eziphathekayo, ifakwa ngaphakathi kwiso (kwithuba eliphambili okanye elingaphandle). Oku kubuyisa ukujoliswa okuchanekileyo nokuphucula ukucaca kombono.
- Lensectomy. Olu khetho lisetyenziselwa unyango lweimeko ezinzima ze-astigmatism. Ukusebenza kukutshintshwa kwendawo yokubuyisela i-lens. Iyakuthatyathwa yinto yokufakelwa okufakelwayo, into ekhethekileyo ye-intraocular lens.