Isiqhamo se feijoa saziwa ngokubanzi malunga nangoko. Wafunyanwa emahlathini eMzantsi Melika nge-botanist yaseJamani uFriedrich Sello phakathi kwekhulu le-19. Ngelokuqala ngqa eYurophu, isityalo saziswa ngowe-1890, kuqala kwigadi zezityalo zeYalta neShumi, kamva-eCalifornia nase-Italy. Ukusuka eItaly feijoa isasazeka kulo lonke iMeditera kwaye ngakumbi kwi-Asia-mpuma ye-Asia. Namhlanje le nto iyalinywa eCrimea, eLatin America, e-Australia, eTurkmenistan, e-mpuma ye-Asia, e-Italy, eNew Zealand.
Feijoa - inkcazelo
Isityalo sinowabo baseMyrtov. Akukho ziintlobo ezininzi kuyo, kwaye phakathi kwabo kuphela kuphela okhulile u-feijoa nje. Bambalwa abantu abayaziyo ukuba u feijoa ubonakala njani, eyaziwayo kuphela ngeziqhamo zawo. Isityalo ngokwawo sisisihlahla esisiqhamo-njenge-shrub. Ingakhula ukuya kwiimitha ezine ukuphakama. Inkqubo yenkcenkceshi ehlanganisiweyo ikhona kwindawo ephezulu yomhlaba. I-Feijoa isityalo esinomswakama. Amagqabi ayo azinzima, ama-pubescent, ahlanganiswe namasebe aneepatile ezimfutshane. Amagqabi ahlaza okwesibhakabhaka phezulu kunye nesilivere ngezantsi. I-trunk ihlanganiswe ngombala obomvu obomvu.
Ngokukhawuleza isiqhamo se-feijoa siqhumiso, sisityebile, sinyama, i-berry enesantyambo esithandayo i-kiwi, i-ananas kanye ne-strawberry ngexesha elinye. Olu nxu lumano luyakwazi ukunqoba ukuqala kokuluma. Ubume bentsholongwane buyakwazi ukusuka kwi-spherical to oval. Ubungakanani bayo buncinci - u-2-5 cm kuphela, ubunzima - ukuya kuma-60 g. Kwinyama yesiqhamo kukho imbewu, kwaye ngaphandle kwayo ikhuselwe yilaphu ekhukhulayo esuka eluhlaza okomhlaza ukuya kumnyama omnyama.
I-feijoa ikhula njani?
I-Feijoa ikhula apho itshisa khona. Ilizwe lalo li-subtropics, kwimeko yemozulu ithetha kakhulu. Ngokuphathelele iindawo ezitshizileyo, isityalo siyinyamezela le ndawo ngokungeyona nto. Abaninzi, bachukunyiswa zizibonelelo zamajikijolo kunye nembono yokuhlobisa isiqithi, bazama ukukhulisa i-feijoa ekhaya. Ndimele ndithi, ngolwazi olumalunga nokunyamekela kunye nesimo sezulu esifanelekileyo (okanye ukudala kwendalo), kwiimeko ezininzi ziphumelela ngempumelelo.
Imifuno feijoa
I-Blossoms i-feijoa shrub ngo-Meyi-Juni kunye neentyatyambo ezineziqhamo ezine, ezizimeleyo kunye ne-inflorescences. I-Inflorescences yobundlobongela, phakathi kwazo kukho isethi yamagqabi (iinqununu ezingama-50-80). Ukunyuka kwepilisi kubangelwa yizinambuzane. Umthi we feijoa ngexesha leentyantyambo libukeka lihle kakhulu. Ukugquma kweMisitha kuthatha iiveki ezintathu, emva koko iipalali kunye neeyunithi ezininzi ziwa. Kulo lonke ubunzima beentyantyambo, i-ovary echaphazelekayo ihlala ku-17-18% kuphela.
Uphi i-feijoa evuthiweyo?
Unomdla kwaye unotyebi kwi-iodine kunye nevithamini C, i-feijoa izithelo zivuthwa ukususela ngo-Oktobha ukuya ngasekupheleni kukaNovemba. Iziqhamo ezivuthiweyo ziyawa ngamasebe, kwaye ziqokelelwa emhlabathini. Ukuthengiswa, isivuno samajikijolo senziwa kancinci ngaphambili. Ngoxa i-berry ingavuthi, ivunwa kumasebe. Ngoko ke ukunyamezela ukuhamba. Ukukhula kwemveliso yokuqala ye-feijoa eklasini izimo ziya kwenzeka emva kweminyaka engama-6 emva kokutyala imbewu. Ukuba uthe watyala iinqununu okanye izihluma zengcambu, isivuno sokuqala siya kukukholisa emva kweminyaka emithathu.
Iintlobo zeefijoa
Ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukukhula i-feijoa njengesityalo sasekhaya, makhe sifunde ngeentlobo zayo eziphambili:
- André. Uhlobo lwe-feijoa, oluvela eBrazil. Iziqhamo zaso ziphakathi, zijikelezile okanye zijikelezileyo, zihamba ngokugqithisileyo, ziluhlaza okombala. Inyama inzima, imbewu incinci. Ingcamango icebile kwaye igcwele. Isityalo sithela, sihlala sivelisa iziqhamo ezininzi.
- "Besson." Umhlaba wasezantsi kulolu hlobo u-Uruguay. Izityalo zincinci okanye ziphakathi, i-oval in shape, ne-burgundy blush. Ikhumba leqhamo lincinci, inyama ayinyani kakhulu, i-grained-grained, i-juicy, ecocekileyo, eninzi imbewu.
- Coolidge. Ukhule kakhulu eCalifornia. Iintyatyambo zibophekile okanye zifana neeparari, zobukhulu obuphakathi. Ulusu lukhuni kakhulu. Iphunga leqhamo lingenakunqunyulwa. Isityalo sizenzele, siqine kwaye simise.
- "Superba". Iziqhamo zezi ntlobo ze-feijoa zijikelezileyo okanye zincinci, zenzeke kakuhle, zenzeke kakuhle. Akukho ngaphantsi kwama-33% okuzenzekelayo. Ihlathi liyakhupha, ngamandla angaphakathi.
- Choiceana. Izithelo zijikeleze okanye i-oval encane, elula, ephakathi ngobukhulu, enomdla ukunambitha. Isiqithi sinamandla aphakathi, isityalo si-42%.
Indlela yokuphakamisa u-feijoa ekhaya?
Ekubeni isiqhamo se-feijoa sisuka eBrazil, kuyimfuneko ukugcina iimeko ezimbini ezibalulekileyo zokulima kwayo - ukufudumala kunye nomswakama. Esi sityalo asizalwanga kuphela iziqhamo, kodwa kunye nesityalo esincomekayo kakhulu-iintyatyambo zayo zihle kakhulu, iintyatyambo zayo ziyinkimbinkimbi, zininzi ezininzi ezibomvu kwiimvelaphi zamagqabi amhlophe kunye ne-burgundy stipules. Ukuba unako ukubonelela iimeko ze-feijoa, ukukhula kuyo kuba yinto yokuzonwabisa yangempela.
I-Feijoa isityalo - umhlaba
Umhlaba ochanekileyo kwesi sityalo ngumxube we-peat , isanti, i-humus, i-turf kunye nomhlaba onqabileyo ngokulinganayo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, isityalo asinakudinga ngokukhethekileyo umhlaba, ngoko i-substrate eqhelekileyo yeentyatyambo iya kwenza. Iminyaka yokuqala ye-2-3 ibalulekile emva kokutyala. Indlela yokukhulisa i-feijoa ngeli xesha: kufuneka uyigqithisele yonke into ibe yintsimi yesondlo entsha. Izityalo zabantu abadala kufuneka zigcinwe yingcambu ngexesha lokutshintshwa komhlaba, kwaye umhlaba omtsha kufuneka ugcwalise isikhala ukuya kwiindonga zebhotile.
Indlela yokutshala i-feijoa?
Njengezityalo ezininzi, i-feijoa inokuhlwalwa yimbewu. Indlela yokukhulisa i-feijoa kwimbewu:
- Imbewu ifanele ibe yintsha, kungekho nonyaka ophelileyo. Kukulungele ukuziqokelela wena, ungathembeli kwisitolo. Kufuneka bathathwe kwisiqhamo esingenasiphelo.
- Imbewu ihlanjwe ize imiswe iintsuku ezingama-6.
- Imbewu ebeka phezu komhlaba iyafafazwa ngumhlaba we-5 mm.
- Ukunkcenkceshela kufuneka kuluqaphele ukuba ungayi kuhlamba imbewu. Ukwenza oku, unokusibekela isikhephe ngeethambo.
- Amahlumela okuqala aya kubonakala ngenyanga emva kokutsalwa kwebusika kunye neeveki ezimbini emva koko ukuba atyalwe ehlobo.
Feijoa kwi-pot-watering
Ukunisela nokunyaniseka okufanelekileyo komhlaba kunye nomoya kubalulekile kwiinkalo ze-feijoa ekhaya. Isityalo sihlambulukile, kwiintsuku ezitshisayo ngaphandle kokuthambisa, kufuneka ihlambe rhoqo. Amanzi umhlaba njengoko uyomile, ususe amanzi epanini emva kokunisela. Ebusika, isityalo sinceda ukuphalaza ngamanzi afudumeleyo, ukuthambisa ngeli xesha lonyaka kufuneka kulunge ngakumbi.
Indlela yokutya i-feijoa?
Enye imeko yokukhulela igumbi feijoa-ukuqhuba ukuchumisa. Kubaluleke ngokukodwa ukwenza oku ngexesha leentyantyambo kunye neziqhamo zeziqhamo. Ngethuba lonyaka wonke, isiqhamo esivela kwi-sub-tropical feijoa sondliwa rhoqo emva kweentsuku ezili-15, ukuhamba kunye ne-phosphorus, i-nitrogen ne-potassium. Ngenxa yoko, umgquba wehashe uhlanjululwa ngamanzi kwinxalenye ye-1:10, kunye ne- superphosphate kunye ne-ash ash. Ngaphambi kokutya ngasinye, isityalo sinamanzi ngamanzi aqhelekileyo.
Unokunyamekela njani i-feijoa?
Ukulungiselela isityalo se-feijoa, ukunakekelwa kubaluleke kakhulu kwinxalenye yokukhanyisa nokugcina ummandla othile wokushisa. Ehlobo, unako ukugcina i-tub ngeentyantyambo kwi-balcony, apho ubushushu bugcinwa khona kwi-30 ° C. Kungcono ukuphepha ukukhanya kwelanga. Ebusika kukho ukuphungulwa kwemvelo ekuphuhliseni isityalo, ngoko ufuna ukuphumla. Iqondo lokushisa kufuneka linciphise libe ngu-14 ° C.
Ukuba unqwenela, kunokwenzeka ukuvelisa ukusika iziqu. Ngaloo nyaka, kunyaka wokuqala, zonke izitshixo eziphambili zinqunywe kwi-30-45 cm ukusuka kwisiseko. Oku kudala i-squelet and eliminates the growth unnecess in the part of the bush. Kwiminyaka engama-2-3 iminyaka yokunyuka kwee-lateral yenziwe ngaphezu kwesiqu. Zinqunywe kumgama wama-30-40 cm omnye komnye ngesimo somoya. Amagumbi okuhlukana kwabo kwi-trunk kufuneka abe ngama-45-60 °, phakathi kwamasebe - 90-120 °. Kwiminyaka elandelayo, ukunqumla izihlahla kunye nokutshatyalaliswa kwezihlumela ezomileyo nezibuthathaka.
Feijoa - ukuzaliswa
Yenza isityalo esibizwa ngokuba yi-feijoa ngokukhawuleza ukusika okanye izimpande. Xa unqunyiwe, kufuneka ufumane umama we-feijoa okanye uthathe isithsaba esikhulu, ususe onke amaqabunga kuwo, ushiye kuphela isibini esiphezulu uze ufake kwisisombululo se-heteroauxin ngeeyure eziyi-16. Emva koko, ungayifaka ngomxube we-humus kunye nesihlabathi kwisincinci esikhulu, ushiya kuphela isithathu se-cuttings phezu komhlaba.
Ukukhula kwe feijoa ekhaya ukusuka kwingcambu kulula. Le ndlela isetyenziswe ubuncinci njengamaqhekeza. Fumana amahlumela nje - i-feijoa ibhekisela kwizityalo ezikhula ngokukhawuleza ezinika ezininzi izihluma zengcambu, ekufuneka zisuswe ngonaphakade. Inxalenye yalo ingasetyenziselwa ukuvelisa. Ngenxa yoko, ngexesha lokutshintshwa kwesityalo somntu omdala, kufuneka uhlukanise ngokucokisekileyo iinkqubo.