I-Melanoma yolusu

"Ilanga, umoya kunye namanzi ngabahlobo bethu abakhulu!" - leyo yayisiqalo seeholide ehlobo ephantse yekhulu lama-20. Kunzima kakhulu ukuphikisa oku kulandelwayo. Ukuhlamba emanzini avulekileyo, iimidlalo zangaphandle, ukuhamba kwendalo - konke oku kunako ukuqinisa impilo yethu. Kodwa ke umbuzo uvela, umdlavuza wesikhumba we-melanoma apho oogqirha bamazwe onke akhala ngokukhawuleza kwiminyaka yamuva? Masiqwalasele oku.

Uphi i-melanoma ekhumbeni evela kuyo?

Ukususela ngoko, njengokuba ebomini bethu ukusuka ngokulula kwenkwenkwezi yezobugcisa imbonakalo yelungu elinomzimba elifuthiweyo lingene, ikholomu yeenombolo zalabo abagula ngenxa yesifo esiyingozi kakhulu. Kwaye, ukuba kuphela kwiminyaka emininzi edlulileyo, i-melanoma ithinteke kuphela ngabantu abawela ngaphaya kweminyaka engama-50 ubudala, ngoku ngokunjalo abantu abanesifo se-melanoma banokudibana kunye nabasetyhini abaneminyaka engama-23-25 ​​ubudala. Yintoni ebangela ukuba kuhlaziywe kwesi sifo, esengozini, kwaye yintoni eyenziwa yi-skin melanoma ngokubanzi?

Into enjalo kukuba, ukuzama ukulandela imifanekiso kunye nokuxelisa izithixo zakho ezizithandayo, abantu abatsha abesini, ikakhulukazi amantombazana, abayizikhusela izibilini zabo, ukukhawuleza ehlotyeni kumaxweme, nasebusika kwi- solariums . Ngaphantsi kokutshatyalaliswa kweso sikhulu se-ultraviolet ezingenakuvuyela iiseli zekhumba musa ukuma kwaye uqale ukuhlambalaza.

Okokuqala, kwinqanaba elijongene nobungozi, ngokuqinisekileyo, abantu (amadoda namabhinqa) kufuneka abhaliswe kwi-50, ngokuthambekela ekuveleni izikhumbuzo zokuzalwa kunye namabala e-pigment. Emva koko abo bangenawo utshintsho kwesikhumba, kodwa kwintsapho yabo kukho iimeko ze-melanoma ezivela kwizihlobo eziseduze. Kwaye ekugqibeleni, phakathi kwezigulane ezinokuthi zizidermatologists kunye ne-oncologists zikhona abantu abanezimhlophe ezimhlophe, isikhumba esivuthayo, ubomvu obomvu okanye obukhanyayo, i-blue, grey ne-green eyes Zonke ezi zikhankanywe apha ngasentla zimele zicinge ngenyameko, kodwa ngaba ziyayifuna ngempela le tan eyaziwayo?

Iintlobo zeLilanoma Skin

Ngendlela, i-foci ye-melanoma ayifumaneki kuphela kwesikhumba, kodwa nakwi-membrane ye-mucous kunye nakubunzima bezitho zangaphakathi. Nangona oko kukugqibela kubhekiselele kumanyathelo athatyathwa kakhulu. Ngokubanzi, ukuhlelwa kwesi sifo kuhlulwe kwiifom ezine eziphambili:

1. I-melanoma engezange-pigmentary . Kubizwa ngokuba yi-amelanotic. Ivela kuyo nayiphi na, nangona nendawo enomzimba onompilo wesikhumba. Kubukeka njengengoma yezilwanyana, oko kukuthi, i-pink flamlen bump, ifom. Ukuphuhliswa kwe-melanoma ye-pigmentary kwenzeka kuphela kwi-7% yamatyala enani lamanani.
2. Nodal melanoma . Le yinto engathandekiyo, kwimbono yezilwanyana, uhlobo lwesifo esenzeka kwi-15% yamatyala omntu wesini. Kule meko, i-tumor ihluma ngaphakathi kwiishubhu, zombini isikhumba kunye neembumba. Kwiimeko ezinzima, kwanezihlunu kunye nezigulane zichaphazelekayo.
3. Malignant melanoma . Ngenye indlela, i-lentigo ebizayo ibizwa. Njengomthetho, ichaphazela ulusu kwiindawo ezivulekile, ubuso, izandla kunye nentamo. Kwiphepha elipheleleyo lamatyala, le fom ibhalela malunga ne-10%, nabantu abadala begula.
4. I-subungil melanoma . Igama lithetha ngokwalo. Kwinkqubo, i-skin of handtips and palm trees ibandakanyeka, ikhula ngokukhawuleza, ivela kwi-10% yamatyala.

Iimpawu kunye nokuxilongwa kwe-Skin Melanoma

1. Naluphi na ukubonakaliswa kwe-melanoma ye-pigmentary ebonakalayo njenge-asymmetry yayo. Ukuba ubeka umgca ochanekileyo phakathi kwendawo, izahlulo zalo ziya kuhluke ngokupheleleyo.
2. Ukuphuhliswa kwesi sifo, njengomthetho, kuqala ngee-moles ezikhoyo, izikhumbuzo zokuzalwa okanye ii- freckles . Kwaye, ukuba ziindawo zokubambisana okukhulu, kwi-groin okanye ngaphantsi, umngcipheko wanda ngamanye amaxesha.
3. Iindawo ezinemihlathi zinombala ogqithisiweyo. Kwindawo enye, i-pink, ebomvu, emdaka kunye nemibala emnyama ingadibaniswa, ishintshana.
4. Ayikho inwele kwi-melanoma, kwaye i-foci ikhula ngokukhawuleza, iqala ukusuka kumgama wecala yebhola kwaye ifikelela kwiindawo ezinkulu kakhulu. Ku-100% ukuvavanya eso sifo sinokuba yindlela yokwenza i-biopsy kunye novavanyo olunzulu lomzimba wonke ngaphakathi kweso sakhiwo esibhedlele.

Unyango lwe-melanoma yesikhumba

Unyango lwe-melanoma umdlavuza wesikhumba yinto enye kuphela - ukuhlinzwa, kuba sisifo esibi, esimele silahleke sele siseziqaleni zokuqala.

Ukususwa kwe-melanoma kwenziwa ngo-3-5 cm umgca weethambo eziphilileyo kuwo, ukuze ugweme ukufumana amangqamuzana omzimba we-tumor kwiiseli zesikhumba. Ngokuqhelekileyo ngaphambi kokuba kususwe, i-radiotherapy eyenziwa kwangaphambili. Iphilisa zonke izilonda kunye namaxilongo ayenziwe ngeenxa zonke.

I-immunotherapy ne-melanoma ayinakwenzeka, njengoko inika imiphumo emibi kakhulu, kunokunceda ukuphilisa. Xa ufuna uncedo lwezokwelapha kwinqanaba lokuqala, i-melanoma iyaphiliswa ngokupheleleyo. Nangona, ukuba usebenzisa i-sunscreen kwaye usebenzise izipho zendalo kunye nengqondo, ngoko akuyi ku funeka uphathwe.