I-Epstein-Barr intsholongwane ibangela iintsholongwane ezininzi ezithathelanayo nezifundo kunye neempawu ezithile. Enye yazo isifo sikaFilatov okanye i-mononucleosis, efunyaniswa kakhulu kubantwana abavela kwiminyaka emithathu ubudala. Iimpawu kunye nokunyangwa kwesi sifo zifundwe ngokugqibeleleyo, ngoko kulula ukujamelana nayo ngaphandle kwengxaki.
I-Mononucleosis kubantwana - siyintoni esi sifo?
I-pathology esicatshulwayo yintsholongwane ekhuselekileyo yokuhlasela i-virus ekhuselekileyo ngenxa yokuvuvukala kwezicubu ze-lymphoid. I-Mononucleosis kubantwana ichaphazela amaqela amaninzi amalungu:
- i-lymph nodes (zonke);
- toni;
- ipeni;
- isibindi.
I-mononucleosis ihanjiswa njani kubantwana?
Indlela ephambili yokusasazeka kwesi sifo kuthathwa njengotshwala. Ukuqhagamshelana nomntu osulelwe ngumntu osulelekileyo kukunye ukhetho oluqhelekileyo, njengoko i-mononucleosis isasazeka, yeso sihlandlo ngezinye izihlandlo kuthiwa ngezinye izihlandlo kuthiwa "izibilini zokubanga". Intsholongwane ihlala isebenza kwimeko yangaphandle, unokusuleleka ngezinto eziqhelekileyo:
- amathoyizi;
- izitya;
- ilinen;
- amathala kunye nezinye izinto.
Ixesha lokuxubusha kwe-mononucleosis kubantwana
I-Pathology ayiyithandabuliyo, izifo zesifo asiyi kwenzeka. Emva kokusuleleka, u-infonous mononucleosis ebantwaneni akabonakali ngokukhawuleza. Ubude bexesha lokuxubusha lixhomekeke kwinqanaba lomsebenzi wokuzikhusela. Ukuba inkqubo yokukhusela iya buthathaka, malunga neentsuku ezi-5. Isilwanyana esinamandla sisilwa nxamnye ne-virus ukuya kwiinyanga ezi-2. Ubunzima bokukhuselana nomzimba buchaphazela indlela i-mononucleosis eyenzeka ngayo kubantwana - iimpawu kunye nonyango kulula xa inkqubo ikhuselekile. Ubungakanani bemizuzu yexesha lokutshatyalaliswa liphakathi kweentsuku ezi-7 ukuya ku-20.
I-Mononucleosis - njani ukusuleleka umntwana?
Isalathisi esibangela isifo sesifo sikaFranatov sakhiwe kwezinye iiseli zomzimba ngonaphakade kwaye kusebenze ngezikhathi ezithile. I-Viral mononucleosis kwiintsana ixhaphaza kwiiveki ezi-4 ukuya ku-5 ukusuka kwithuba losulelo, kodwa libeka ingozi kwabanye. Ngaphantsi kwefuthe lalo naluphi na lwangaphandle luthintela ukukhusela umzimba, iiseli ze-pathogenic ziqala ukuphindaphinda nokuma ngaphandle kwemali, nangona umntwana ephelile ngaphandle. Oku akuyona inkathazo enkulu, abathwali be-Epstein-Barr virus-malunga ne-98% yabemi behlabathi.
Iyintoni ingozi ye-mononucleosis kubantwana?
Iimpembelelo ezimbi zivela kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo, kuphela ngezilwanyana ezibuthakathaka okanye ukuxhaswa kosulelo lwesibini. I-mononucleosis kakhulu kubantwana - iimpawu kunye neyeza, zifunyenwe kwaye zaqaliswa ngexesha elifanelekileyo, zincede ukukhusela nayiphi na ingxaki. Ukubuyiselwa kuhambelana nokubunjwa kwe-immunity, ngenxa yokusuleleka kwintsholongwane engabonakaliyo, okanye idluliselwa ngokungaqondakaliyo.
Imiphumo emihle ye-mononucleosis kubantwana:
- paratonzillitis;
- otitis media ;
- pneumonia ;
- sinusitis;
- neuritis;
- umlomo wesifo ;
- i-hemolytic anemia;
- ukungabi namandla;
- ukuphuka kwepeni ;
- ukugqithwa kwesikhumba (rhoqo kusetyenziswa ii-antibiotics).
I-Mononucleosis kubantwana - ibangela
I-agent causative ye-Filatov isifo sisifo sesifo se-herpes. I-Epstein-Barr intsholongwane kubantwana idla ngenxa yokuhlala rhoqo kwiindawo zokudibanisa (izikolo, i-kindergartens kunye neendawo zokudlala). Isizathu esisodwa sesi sifo sisifo kwi-mononucleosis. Umthombo wentsholongwane nayiphi na isithinteli sesifo sengculaza apho umntwana ubandakanyeka khona.
I-Mononucleosis kubantwana - iimpawu kunye neempawu
Umfanekiso wekliniki we-pathology unokutshintsha kumaxesha ahlukeneyo esi sifo. I-mononucleosis echaphazelekayo kubantwana - iimpawu:
- buthathaka;
- ukuvuvukala nokunyameka kweelymode;
- i-catarrhal bronchitis okanye i- tracheitis ;
- ukwanda kweqondo lomzimba;
- intlungu kumalunga kunye nezihlunu ngokusuka kwimvelaphi ye-lymphostasis;
- ukwandiswa ngobukhulu bestile kunye nesibindi;
- ukungcola;
- migraines;
- umqala emqaleni xa uginya;
- ukuqhuma komzimba emlonyeni;
- ukukhutshwa kweSARS kunye ne-ARI.
Kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa izifo ezifanayo kunye ne-mononucleosis kubantwana - iimpawu kunye nokunyangwa kwegciwane lesifo se-Epstein-Barr ziqinisekiswa kuphela emva kokuxilongwa. Indlela kuphela ethembekileyo yokufumanisa intsholongwane ekubhekiselele kuyo i-blood test. Nangona ubukho bazo zonke iimpawu azibonakalisi ukuqhubeka kwesifo sikaFranatov. Iimpawu ezifanayo zihamba nazo:
- rubella ;
- i-diphtheria;
- angina;
- listeriosis;
- Tularemia;
- rubella;
- i hepatitis;
- i-pseudotuberculosis kunye nezinye izifo.
Rash nge mononucleosis kubantwana
Ukubonakaliswa kwesibatho sesifo esichazwayo kwenzeka kwiimeko ezimbini:
- Ukusetyenziswa kwegciwane le-herpes. Iimpawu ze-mononucleosis kubantwana ngamanye amaxesha zibandakanya ukubunjwa kwama-vesicle kunye nombane ongezantsi kumlomo ophantsi okanye ophantsi, ngakumbi kubantwana abanomzimba obuthathaka.
- Ukufunyanwa kwamagciwane. Unyango lwentsholongwane yesibini luqhutyelwa ngama-agent antimicrobial, ikakhulukazi i-Ampicillin ne-Amoxicillin. Ngo-95% wabantwana, unyango olunjalo luhambelana nokukhawuleza, uhlobo lungazange lucaciswe.
Intshontsho nge-mononucleosis
I-Pathology ibangela i-Epstein-Barr intsholongwane - iimpawu zokungeniswa kwayo emzimbeni zihlala zichaphazela iifom i-lymphoid, kuquka neetoni. Ngokuchasene nemvelaphi yesifo, iingqungquthela zibukhali, zivule kwaye zivutha. Oku kubangela ubuhlungu kunye nokubetha emqaleni, ngakumbi xa ugwinya. Ngenxa yokufana komfanekiso wekliniki, kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa i-angina kunye ne-mononucleosis kubantwana-iimpawu eziphambili kunye unyango lwezi zifo zihlukile. I-tonsillitis yintsholongwane ye-bacteria kwaye inokunyangwa ngamayeza okulwa ne-antibiotics, kwaye isifo sikaFratatov singokusuleleka kwiintsholongwane zentsholongwane, izidakamizwa ezingekho kumachiza aziyi kumnceda.
Ukushisa kunye ne-mononucleosis
I-Hyperthermia ithathwa njengenye yeempawu zokuqala zesifo. Iqondo lokushisa lomzimba liphakama ukuya kwiimpawu ezincinci (37.5-38.5), kodwa ihlala ixesha elide, malunga neentsuku ezili-10 okanye ngaphezulu. Ngenxa yentsholongwane ende, ngezinye iimeko, i-mononucleosis kubantwana kunzima ukunyamezela - iimpawu zokuxhatshazwa ngokufudumala komlilo kubantwana:
- kulala;
- intloko;
- u buqhetseba;
- amaqatha kumalungu;
- ukubonisa intlungu kwiimisipha;
- zikhuni;
- isicaphulelo.
Ukuhlolwa kwegazi nge-mononucleosis kubantwana
Ezi zimpawu aziqwalaselwe njengesiseko sokuxilongwa. Ukucoca, uhlalutyo olukhethekileyo lwenziwe nge-mononucleosis kubantwana. Kuqulethwe ekufundeni igazi, kunye nesifo sikaFilatov kwisixhobo samanzi:
- ubukho beeseli ezinama-atypical - i-mononuclear;
- ukuhla kweenombolo ze-leukocytes;
- ukwanda kwimizuzu ye-lymphocytes.
Ukongezelela, uhlalutyo lwenziwe ngegciwane le-Epstein-Barr. Kukho iindlela ezimbini zokuziqhuba:
- Uphando olungenasifo. Ukukhangela iziza-mzimba (i-immunoglobulins) ukusuleleka kwe-IgM ne-IgGk egazini.
- I-Polymerase chain reaction. Naliphi na izinto eziphilayo (igazi, umlenze, i-sputum) uhlalutyo ngenxa yobukho be-DNA okanye i-RNA virus.
Indlela yokuphatha i-mononucleosis kubantwana?
Okwangoku, akukho namachiza asebenzayo anokunqanda ukwanda kweeseli ezithathelwanayo. Ukunyangwa kwe-mononucleosis kubantwana kuncinci ekuphumuleni kweempawu ze-pathology, ukukhululeka kwendlela kunye nokuqiniswa ngokubanzi komzimba:
- Imodi yebhedlele. Into ephambili ukubonelela ngoxolo ngoxolo, kungekhona ukulayisha ngokwemvelo nangokwenyama.
- Isiselo esifudumele eshushu. Ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi kumnceda ukukhusela ukungcoliswa kwamanzi kunye nokushisa, kuphuculwe ukubunjwa kwegazi, ngokukodwa ukutyiwa kweziphuzo ezinobomi.
- Ucoceko ngomlomo. Oogqirha bancoma ukugaya emva kwesidlo ngasinye kwaye uhlambe amazinyo akho kathathu ngosuku.
Ukunyangwa kwe-mononucleosis echaphazelekayo kubantwana kungaquka ukusetyenziswa kwamagosa e-pharmacological:
- Antipyretics - Acetaminophen, Ibuprofen. Iqondo lokushisa linokuhlulwa xa liphakama ngaphezu kwama-38.5 degrees.
- Antihistamines - Cetrin, Suprastin. Amachiza okuchasene neengxaki zonyango kunceda ukunciphisa iimpawu zokuxhatshazwa.
- I-Vasoconstrictive (yangaphakathi, ngendlela yamaconsi) -Galazolin, e-Efdrine. Iisombululo zibonelela ukuphefumula komzimba.
- I-Antitussive - iBroncholitin, Libexin. Amachiza asebenzayo kunyango lwe-tracheitis okanye i-bronchitis.
- I-Antibiotics - Ampicillin, i-Amoxicillin. Ukhethwe kuphela xa kuthe kwafakelwa ukusuleleka kwintsholongwane yesibini yebhakteria, umzekelo, xa i-angul purent iqala.
- Corticosteroids - Prednisolone, i-Methylprednisolone. IiHormone zikhethiweyo ukwenzela unyango lweemeko ezikhethekileyo (i-hypertoxic course of pathology, isongelo lwe-asphyxia ngenxa ye-edema ebizwa ngokuba yi-toni nezinye izimo ezisongela ubomi).
Ukutya ukutya kwe-mononucleosis kwabantwana
I-Epstein-Barr igciwane lilimaza amalungu ase-lymphoid, enye yesibindi. Ngenxa yoko, ukutya okuthe ngqo kukucetyiswa nge-mononucleosis kubantwana. Ngokukhethekileyo i-fractional, kodwa rhoqo (amaxesha 4-6 ngosuku) ukutya. Zonke ukutya kunye neziphuzo kufuneka zihanjiswe kwifom efudumeleyo, enomphefumlo onobuhlungu xa uginya ukuba kungcono ukucubungula ukutya okuphazamisayo. Ukutya okucokisekileyo kuphuhliswa, kungekhona ukukhulula isibindi, kunye nomxholo ophezulu weeprotheni, iivithamini, imifuno nemifuno yezilwanyana, i-carbohydrates.
Ezi zilandelayo mveliso zikhawulwe okanye zingabandakanywa:
- inyama kunye nenhlanzi;
- amatsha amnandi;
- ekwabiwe kwaye ibhaka ngeitya ezidliwayo;
- iimbumba ezinamandla kunye nesobho;
- marinades;
- iimveliso zokutshaya;
- iziqholo ezibukhali;
- ulondolozo;
- naluphi na ukutya okunomsoco;
- utamatisi;
- iisukisi;
- amakhowe;
- amantonga;
- strawberry;
- que hisque hisquequequeque hisquequequequequequeque followingque produits followingquequequequequeque: followingquequequeque
- inyama ngemveliso;
- anyanisi;
- iklabishi;
- isiti;
- isipinashi;
- isiti;
- iibhokhwe ezinamafutha;
- izithelo ze citrus;
- raspberries;
- i-melon;
- isonka esimnyama;
- peyari;
- Iisobho nge-bhotile kunye ne-cream cream;
- tshokoleta;
- iigwele;
- icocoa;
- ubisi bonke;
- iziphuzo ze-carbonate, ngokukodwa ezinomnandi.
Izitya eziphakanyisiweyo ngonyango:
- imifuno nemifuno;
- inyama yokutya, intlanzi (ibilisiwe, iqhubiwe, igalelwe, ngohlobo lwama-meatball, i-cutlets, i-mousse kunye nezinye izinto ezisuka kwimfucu);
- isonka esimhlophe sangoozolo, ii-biscuits;
- ukhukhamba;
- i-porridges ebilisiwe kunye ne-mucous emanzini;
- casseroles;
- iimveliso zobisi zemihla ephantsi;
- isaladi yemifuno, jonga;
- siqhamo esihle;
- kupheka iipulo;
- amabhisikidi omile, amabhisikidi;
- i-kisels;
- i-apricots ezomileyo ezomileyo;
- itiye ebuthathaka kunye noshukela;
- jam;
- ubusi;
- pastila;
- i-marmalade;
- ukuqokelela izithelo ezomileyo;
- ukuchithwa kwamaqabunga e rose;
- cherry;
- iibhothi;
- Iipeaches (ngaphandle kwephepha), i-nectarines;
- iivambo;
- namanzi amaminerari;
- itiye yemifuno (mhlawumbi i-sweeten).
Ukubuyiswa emva kwe-mononucleosis kubantwana
Iinyanga ezi-6 ezizayo ukususela kumzuzwana wokubuyisela umntwana kufuneka ziboniswe ngezihlandlo kugqirha. Inceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba nayiphina imiphumo emibi ibangele i-mononucleosis kubantwana - iimpawu kunye nenkango echazwe ngokuchanekileyo ayiqinisekisi ukukhusela kumonakalo kwesibindi kunye namathiski. Iimviwo eziqhelekileyo zenziwa kathathu-emva kwe-1, 3 ne-6 inyanga ukusuka ngomhla wokubuyiselwa.
Ukubuyiswa emva kwe-mononucleosis kuquka ukugcinwa kwemisebenzi eqhelekileyo:
- Ukuthintela kwemithwalo. Kubantwana ababuyiselwe kwi-pathology yokuhlola, iimfuneko ezingaphantsi esikolweni kufuneka zenziwe. Kunconywe ukuyeka ukuqeqeshwa ngokomzimba, umntwana emva kokugula kwakhe usenokuba buthathaka kwaye ngokukhawuleza ukhathala.
- Ukwandisa ixesha lokuphumla. Oogqirha bayacetyiswa ukuba bavumele umntwana ukuba alale malunga nama-10-11 iiyure ebusuku kunye neeyure ezingama-2-3 ngemini ukuba ufuna.
- Ukuthobela ukutya okunokulinganisela. Izingane kufuneka zidle ngokupheleleyo, zifumane iivithamini ezibalulekileyo, i-amino acid kunye neemaminerali. Kucetyiswa ukuba uqhubeke ukondla umntwana ngokutya okunempilo ukukhawuleza unyango kunye nokubuyiswa kweeseli zesibindi.
- Ukutyelela iindawo zokuhlala. Uphando lwangoku luye lwabonisa ukuba ukuphumla kolwandle akuyona ingozi kubantwana abaye bafumana i-mononucleosis. Kubalulekile ukukhawulela ixesha lokuhlala komntwana phantsi kwemisebe yelanga.