Iintlobo ze-pneumonia kubantwana
Ukuqonda ukuba yiyiphi imiphunga yengqondo engumntwana ayiniki umfanekiso opheleleyo wesimo sesifo kunye neendlela zokonyango. Ukuvuvukala kwemiphunga kungaba ne-etiology eyahlukeneyo kunye nendawo yokuhlala. Ukuchonga lesi sifo kunokuba ngale ndlela:
- Endaweni yokuvela:
- nosocomial;
- yoluntu-olufunyenweyo;
- kokubeleka.
- ezijoliswe kuyo - iindawo ezichaphazelekayo zikhawulelwe ngokucacileyo (indawo engenani 1 cm). UFoci unokuba ngumntu ongatshatanga kunye nobuninzi;
- isigaba-amacandelo amaninzi omphunga atshabalala;
- i-croupous-ukunqoba igubungela i-lobe yomphunga;
- eziphakathi - izicubu ezinxibelelwano ziyavutha.
- ibhaktheriya - ukuvuvukala kubangelwa ukungena kweebhaktheriya ze-pathogenic. Ezi zi-pneumococci, i-Staphylococcus aureus, i-Hemophilus ne-Pseudomonas aeruginosa, iKlebsiella;
- intsholongwane - iintsholongwane zonakalisa iindlela zokukhusela kwaye zikhuthaza ukufakela ngokukhawuleza kwintsholongwane yebhaktheriya;
- i-atypical - ivela ngenxa yentsholongwane ye-chlamydia, i-mycoplasma, i-legionella;
- Inqweno - ikhula xa umzimba ongaphandle, umbane okanye ukutya ungena emthini wesiqhumane.
- ziqatha;
- elide.
Iimpawu ze-pneumonia kumntwana
Ukubonakaliswa kwekliniki yokuvuvukala kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwe-pathogen, isantya sokwanda kweenkqubo kunye nobudala. I-pneumonia ekufundeni abantwana nabasemdala banomlinganisi ocacileyo:
- Ubushushu bomzimba buphezulu kwaye buhlala ixesha elide;
- kukho ukubola, ukukhwehlela okukhulu;
- Ukuphefumula kuya kukhawuleza, ivili livakala;
- xa uvuselela, i-musculature ye-thorax ibandakanyekile;
- Unxantathu obuthathekayo ufumana umthunzi wesi-cyanotic
- umntwana uyala ukutya, ulahlekelwe ngumzimba.
Ingxaki ezinokuthi zikwazi ukubona ingcinezelo yomntwana kumntwana inokuvela ukuba i-agent engumnxeba wesi sifo i-chlamydia. Ngendlela efanelekileyo, ukubonakaliswa kwe-catarrha emqaleni, i-lymph nodes ekhulisiweyo, iyanqatyulwa. I-mask phantsi kwe-pharyngitis inokutshabalalisa kubangelwa ukusuleleka kwintlobo ye-mycoplasma. Esi sifo sinemiqondiso emnene, yile: iqondo lokushisa, intlungu yomlomo, impumlo ye-runny, intloko yesifo, inxephezelo eyomileyo. I-Legionellosis pneumonia kubantwana ihlukaniswe ngumfanekiso oqaqambileyo weklinikhi, ukudukisa unakho: ukunyamezela, ukuhlanza, ubuhlungu besisu, isifo sohudo.
I-pneumonia - iimpawu kubantwana abangenawo umkhuhlane
Kunzima ukuqonda ukuvutha komzimba kwemiphunga. Le fomu yesifo isoloko ixilongwa kwiintsana. Esi sifo siqhubeka ngaphandle komkhuhlane kunye nokukhwehlela. Umfanekiso oqhelekileyo wekliniki ufana nebandayo. Udokotela onamava uyakwazi ukuqonda iimpawu zomoya-pneumonia kumntwana ngaphandle kokushisa:
- i-crumb iba yinyulu kwaye ingenangqondo;
- uyadla kwaye alele;
- kukho i-cyanosis kwinxantathu ye-nasolabial;
- i-tachycardia iyayiva, amaphiko ephunga lempumlo;
- kukho i-diarrhea, i-skin rashes.
Kwisigaba sokuqala sesi sifo kunye ne-pneumonia efihlakeleyo, xa uphulaphule, udokotela wezingane unokubona ukuba khona okanye ukungabikho kweempompo. Xa uthabatha isifuba - ukubonakalisa ukufutshane kwezwi phezu kwesilonda. Lo mqondiso uthathwa njengesibini kwaye awubonakali kubo bonke abantwana, ngoko, ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa, ukuhlolwa kwe-X-ray, ukuhlolwa kwe-sputum ye-microflora kunye nokuhlolwa kwegazi kuyadingeka.
Unyango lwe-pneumonia kubantwana
Ukuvuvukala kwemiphunga kuyisifo esidinga unyango oluphuthumayo lwamachiza. Ukugxininisa kwiminyaka yezigulane, imeko yabo, ubunzima bexanduva lwabazali, ugqirha ugqiba indlela yokunyanga i-pneumonia kubantwana - esibhedlele okanye ekhaya. Izimpawu zokubhedlelelwa kwezibhedlele zi:
- ubushushu ngaphezu kwama-38 degrees, ehlala ngaphezu kweentsuku ezintathu;
- iimpawu ze-oksijini yindlala kunye nokuxwala.
I-antibiotics ye-pneumonia kubantwana
Ngokukhawuleza emva kokubhalwa kweemviwo, udokotela wezingane ugunyazisa ngokucacileyo umntwana wamachiza, ngokusekelwe kumava akhe kwaye aqoke ama-amnesis. Ukusebenza kweziyobisi ezichasiweyo ezichanekileyo zingavanywa emva kweeyure ezingama-24 ukuya kuma-4 emva kokulawula. Iyeza elichanekileyo liya kuba nempembelelo: ukushisa komntwana kuya kwehlisa, imeko jikelele iya kuphucula. Abantwana abane-inflammation inflammation pneumonia baqeshwe ngezibini, xa imeko iyanqabisa, ishintshela ekulawuleni komlomo.
I-pneumonia ebantwaneni iphathwa ngamachiza e-antibiotics ala maqela alandelayo:
- i-penicillin kunye neziphumo zayo ze-semisynthetic (Amoxilav, Ampicillin, Amoxicillin);
- cephalosporins (Cefalexin, Cefix);
- i-macrolides (i-Erythromycin, i-Azithromycin).
Unyango lwe-pneumonia kubantwana abane-antibiotics kwimeko yesimo esifana nesifo esenziwa ekhaya. Iyeza lonyana lilawulwa ngomlomo iintsuku ezi-5-6. Ukongezelela, ukuqonda ngogqirha, abaxhasi, abaxhamli be-bronchodilators, iziyobisi ezichasayo, iivithamini kunye ne-prebiotics. Kwinkimbinkimbi kunye neyeza zokwelapha i-physiotherapy iinkqubo zibekwe-microwave, electrophoresis, inductothermy. Ukusebenza kweli phepha, sebenzisa unyango, ukuhlalisa umzimba.
Unyango lwe-pneumonia kubantwana ekhaya
Ukuthatha unyango, ukwenza iinkqubo, ukudala iimeko ezifanelekileyo kukuba yimisebenzi ebalulekileyo yabantu abadala. Ukutya komntwana kufuneka kugcwaliswe kwaye kuhluke, umoya ophezulu kwigumbi lezingane lipholile kwaye ludla, urhulumente wokusela ukhulu. Ebushushu obuphezulu, umntwana kufuneka alele embhedeni. Ungasebenzisa izilwanyana zamanxeba zengonyama kubantwana emva kokuba imvume yodokotela. Awukwazi ukunikezela ngokuchanekileyo izidakamizwa ze-antipyretic - eli qhinga aliyi kukuvumela ukuba uvavanye ukuphumelela kwe-antibiotic therapy kwaye usebenzise impendulo yakho yomzimba yomzimba.
Ukuvuselelwa emva kwe-pneumonia kubantwana
Emva kokubuyiselwa umntwana ulindele ixesha lokuvuselela. Kufuneka ifake inani leenkqubo kunye namanyathelo okujoliswe ekubuyiseni ubukhulu kunye nempilo:
- inhalation;
- unyango lo bushushu;
- ukupheliswa kwe-foci kunye nosuleleko olungapheliyo (i-caries, sinusitis, tonsillitis);
- ukuxutywa, ukunyanzelisa umzimba;
- i-oxygen cocktails kunye neentonga;
- uhamba emoyeni omtsha, ngaphandle kwe-hypothermia;
- ukwamkelwa kwamavithamini kunye nokulungiselela amalungiselelo;
- Ukubuyiselwa emva kwe-pneumonia kumntwana kubandakanya ukubeka esweni imeko yakhe ngogqirha unyango.
Ukuthintela imiphunga ye-pneumonia kubantwana
Ukukhusela eso sifo kunokunyusa amandla omzimba omzimba, icebo elichanekileyo lokuqina. Ukunciphisa ixesha lexesha lezemidlalo loncedo lokudlala. Ukuba kunokwenzeka, kuyimfuneko ukukhuphela oonxibelelwano nabaontanga nabagulayo. Ukugonywa ngexesha elifanelekileyo malunga ne-pneumonia kubantwana kunokubasindisa kwi-pneumonia. Amanyathelo okukhusela nawo anokuthathwa njengegciwane lokukhuselwa kwezifo zentsholongwane.
Izizathu ze-pneumonia kubantwana
Umngcipheko wokwanda kwe-pneumonia uphezulu kakhulu kubantwana abancinci. Oku kungenxa yoku:
- iimpawu zomzimba;
- umzimba womzimba omzimba;
- iingxaki zokuphefumula kwesisu kunye nesisu esisenza ukuba utshintshiselwano lwegesi.
Kubantwana abadala, izizathu zokuphuhliswa kwesi sifo zi:
- izifo ezithintekayo zentsholongwane kunye nezifo ezithintekayo;
- buthathaka lomzimba;
- imeko ezixinzelelekileyo;
- umsi wesibini;
- ukungabikho kwamavithamini;
- i-supercooling;
- ukungena kwamanzi ahlanzayo, ukutya, amaqumrhu angaphandle.
Inxalenye yenyaniso yinkcazo yokuba inyumoniya ingathatyathwa ngamaconsi. Ngoko ke, abazali kufuneka baqaphele indlela yokuphulukiswa kwepneumonia kubantwana:
- xa unxibelelwano, ngezandla ezingahlambulukanga, isifo se-mycoplasma etiology sisasazwa;
- ngokusebenzisa inkqubo yokunikezelwa kwamanzi, ukuphefumla emanzini okuphalaza "kunokubanjwa" yiLegionella. Ukususela kumntu ukuya kumntu le bteriki ayidluli;
- ne-bacteria kunye ne-viral pneumonia, kukho umngcipheko wokubambisana ne-arhente ebangela ukuvuvukala. Iintsholongwane ze-Influenza, ukusuleleka kwe-pneumococcal kunye nezinye zihanjiswa ngamaconsi.
Iziphumo ze-pneumonia kubantwana
Ngonyango olufanelekileyo, umntwana uyabuyiselwa ngokukhawuleza. Ubuyela kwindawo yakhe enempilo yempilo, eyayiyidliwayo kunye nesimo esihle sengqondo. Iingxaki ezinobungozi zesifo se-pneumonia kubantwana abafuna iindlela zokukhawuleza ezingabonakaliyo, ziquka:
- i-bacterium - ukungena kweebhaktheriya kwigazi nakwezinye izitho;
- ukungabikho kwamandla okuqoqa umphunga emzimbeni;
- i-pleurisy exudative - ukuqokelelwa kwamanzi kumphunga;
- Ukuphefumula okufutshane - umntwana ulahlekelwa amandla okuphefumula emoyeni owaneleyo.