Ukususela kwiinyanga ezi-3, abantwana banikwe iDPT eziliqela. Elinye lalo candelo li-pertussis iiseli ezincinci (ngexabiso elincinci). Ngaphandle kokugonywa, amathuba omntwana wokuthengiswa kwezi bhaktheriya ukwandisa ngokuphawulekayo, njengoko kwenza ingozi yokuphuhliswa kweengxaki ezinobungozi.
I-Pertussis - Yintoni esi sifo?
Igama le-pathology livela kwisiFrentshi "la coqueluche", igama elithi onomatopoeic elisichazela i-rooster okanye isikhalazo senkukhu. Kwimichiza, kukho inkcazo ecacileyo yintoni ukukhwehlela isisu - isifo esichengeni sisifo esiphezulu sokuphefumula, esichukunyiswa ngamabhaktheriya athile. Esi sifo sibonakaliswe yinkqubo ye-catarrhal ngokuhambelana nokuhlaselwa kwe-spasmodic yokukhwehlela okukhulu.
Ukukhwehlela okubangelwayo - Izizathu
Oku kutshaya kubangela intonga yegram-negative, eyenziwa kalula ngamaconsi. I-agent causative yokukhwehlela ukukhwehlela yi-aerobic britterium Bordetella pertussis. Ayifani nendawo yokuzinza kwimo engqongileyo, izifudumala kunye nezimo ezinomsola zilungele ubomi balo, ezichaza ixesha lokuphila (ikakhulukazi entwasahlobo nasekwindla). Kubalulekile ukufumanisa i-pertussis ngexesha elifanelekileyo kubantwana, iimpawu kunye nokonyango lwentsholongwane kulula kwiinqanaba zokuqala zesifo. Ngaphandle koko, iingxaki ezinzima zenzeka.
I-Pertussis - ixesha lokunyusa
Emva kokuqhagamshelana okufutshane nomntu ogulayo, umntwana akasayi kuba neempawu zekliniki zentsholongwane. I-Pertussis kubantwana bokuqala iqhubeka ngokufihlakeleyo. Iibhaktheriya zihamba ngokukhawuleza i-membranes ye-respiratory tract, kwaye kwinkqubo ebalulekileyo ibakhulula i-toxins ebangela iimpawu ezithile. Ixesha lokukhushulwa li malunga neentsuku ezingama-5 ukuya ku-9, ngokungaqhelekanga landa kwiintsuku ezingama-20.
Yintoni inobungozi yokukhwehlela?
Ngaphandle kolwaphulo olufanelekileyo ngexesha elifanelekileyo, ukuchazwa kwentsholongwane kudala imiphumo emibi. Ngokukodwa kwasebuntwaneni, ukukhwehlela okuqhekezayo kuyingozi kubantwana, iimpawu kunye nokonyango kwiintsana kunzima ukuxilonga nokukhetha. Phakathi kweentsana zeenyanga zokuqala zobomi, kukho ukuphakama okuphezulu kweso siphumo esibulalayo. Yintoni eyingozi ekukhuseni ukukhwehlela kubantwana:
- pneumonia ;
- ukuyeka ukuphefumula;
- encephalopathy;
- isithulu;
- zixhala;
- ukuxhwaba;
- ukuwa komphunga okanye i-lobe yayo;
- ukunqotshwa kweelwimi;
- eardrum ephukile;
- emphysema engaphantsi;
- pneumothorax;
- acidosis;
- i-paresis yeentsholongwane ze-cranial;
- i-hernia (inguinal, umbilical);
- bronchiolitis nabanye.
Iimpawu zoKhukhulwa komntwana
Umfanekiso wekliniki ngokukhawuleza emva kokusuleleka kwaye ngexesha lokutshatyalaliswa. Impawu zokuqala zokukhwehlela zikhutshwa emva kweentsuku ezi-4 ukuya ku-20 ukususela ngexesha lokusulelwa. Ubuqili babo kunye nemali kuxhomekeke kwimeko jikelele yomntwana kunye nokusebenza kwe-immune system. I-Symptomatic pathology ehamba phambili iyahambelana nesigaba sokuqhubeka kwayo.
Iiperode zePerussis
Kukho izigaba ezi-3 ezisebenzayo zokuphuhliswa kwesifo esinikezelweyo. Izimpawu nonyango kuxhomekeke kwixesha lokuqhubela phambili ekukhwehleleni abantwana. Kwiimeko ezininzi, iimpawu zokuqala zentsholongwane ngabazali zinyanzelwanga. Okokuqala, i-pertussis ifana ne-ARI okanye i-ARVI. Amanyathelo okutshatyalaliswa okutshatyalaliswayo kwiphepha lokuphefumula:
- I-Catarrhal (i-prodromal). Iimeko zezingane ziyanelisayo. Ukwandisa ukushisa komzimba kancinci, kukho i-malaise, ixhala, ukuphazamiseka kokulala. Kukho umkhuhlane owomileyo kunye nobuthathaka obuthathaka, intloko yesifo.
- Spasmodic. Iimpawu ziyancipha, unyango oluqhelekileyo aluncedi. Kulo xesha kubonakaliswe ukuhlaselwa kwesibhobho esithile. Ngomhla wokuzalwa komntwana uziva uvakalelo entanyeni, uloyiko loyiko, uxinzelelo esifubeni. Ukuqhaqha kwamanzi kunamandla kakhulu, kuhamba kunye nokuphefumula okunzima. Ngethuba lokuhlaselwa kwabantwana, ubuso buvuvuka, imifuno entanyeni iqhubekile, imilambo yegazi ibonakale emehlweni, kukho i-salivation kunye nokuhlambalaza, ngamanye amaxesha ulusu luba luhlaza. Emva kokukhwehlela kwe-spasms, inani elincinci le-sputum le-viscous transparent.
- Ukufumana (isisombululo). Ngonyango olufanelekileyo, ubunzima beempawu ziyancipha. Abantwana banesibambiso esincinci, kodwa ubuthathaka, ukucaphuka nokukhwehlela zikhona ixesha elide. Ubude beli nqanaba liiveki ezi-2-8.
Isikhumba ngokukhwehlela
Ubungakanani kunye nobume balo mqondiso wezilwanyana kuxhomekeke kwixesha lekhosi. Okokuqala, ukukhwehlela okulula okuhamba kunye nokukhwehlela kubantwana, iimpawu kunye nokunyango kwinqanaba eliphambili lidla ukunyanzeliswa, kuba abazali baqonda ukugula komntwana njengobanda okanye i-hypothermia. Kancinci, umfanekiso weklinikhi uqinisa. Isifo sokukhwehlela ukukhwehlela sikhohlela isikhohlela kunye nezi zinto zilandelayo:
- uchungechunge lokutshatyalaliswa okufutshane (2-15 imijikelezo);
- ubukho buphindaphindiweyo - ukuphefumula okuqhaqhazelayo kunye kunye nokukhwaza;
- ubuso obusisigxina obunobuso, ubuqhophololo;
- ukuphuhliswa kwesifo;
- ukuphefumla okufutshane kukuyeka;
- Ukuvuvukala kwemithambo yegazi entanyeni, ubuso emehlweni;
- ukukhutshwa kwe-sprayum ephazamisayo ekupheleni kokuhlaselwa;
- isilonda kumgaqo weelwimi;
- ukuvakala kwezwi;
- ukuhlanza.
Rash ngokukhwehlela
Akukho zibonakaliso ezibonakalayo okanye ezikhethekileyo kwesikhumba kwisifo esichazwe. Kuyinto inqabile kakhulu kwiindawo ezithile ekuboniseni ukukhwehlela okubhenkcezayo, iimpawu zengane ngamanye amaxesha ziquka ukugqithisa okukhulu. Le nxalenye encinci ye-hemorrhage, ephuma kwi-capillaries kwi-epidermal layer ngexesha lokuhlaselwa ukukhwehlela. Bazincothula ngokukhawuleza.
Ukuxilongwa kwe-pertussis
Kukho iindlela ezininzi zokuqinisekisa ukuqhubela phambili kwentsholongwane. Okokuqala kufuneka ufune oogqirha:
- ngcali;
- otolaryngologist;
- sisifo se-infectiologist.
Emva kokubonisana kunye ne-anamnesis, iingcali ziza kumnceda umntwana kwii-laboratory okanye kwizifundo zeengcali. Indlela ephambili yokuxilongwa kukuhlalutya ukukhwehlela ukukhwehlela ukuhlukanisa i-pathogen. Njengomxholo wesifundo, i-smear evela kwi-pharynx okanye i-sputum e-expector ngexesha lokukhwehlela. Olu hlalutyo luthembeke kuphela kwiiveki zokuqala zesifo. Inyanga emva kokusuleleka, i-british Bordetella pertussis ayikwazi ukwahlukana.
Ukongezelela, igazi le-pertussis lihlolwa ngeendlela ezininzi:
- Uhlalutyo jikelele. Kubalulekile ukuchonga imiqondiso yeklasi yeprogram yokuvuvukala emzimbeni-amazinga aphakamileyo ama-leukocytes kunye ne-lymphocytes.
- Uhlalutyo lwe-Immunoenzyme (ELISA). Uvavanyo oluvakalayo, oluqinisekisa ngokukhawuleza okanye luphikisana nobukho bokukhwehlela.
- Ukuphendulwa kwe-hemagglutination engqalileyo kunye ngqo (RPGA kunye ne-RNGA). Ama-antibodies kwi-arhente ye-pathology ibonisa.
- I-Polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Ukulima kweebhaktheriya kwimizuzu emininzi yezondlo iintsuku eziliqela.
Pertussis - unyango
Ulwaphulo olusisigxina lufunwa kuphela ngesimo esiqhelekileyo nesichukumisayo sesi sifo, ukusulela iintsana. Unyango oluqhelekileyo wokukhupha umkhuhlane kubantwana uyenziwa ekhaya ngeengcebiso ezilandelayo:
- Gxotha umntwana ade usulele.
- Ukucocwa kwezempilo kwansuku zonke.
- Gcina umswakama ophezulu kunye neqondo lokushisa kuma-18-20 degrees.
- Ukufudumala rhoqo, ukuqinisekisa ukukhutshwa komoya.
- Imithwalo ephathekayo emzimbeni nasengqondweni.
- Ukutya okunyamekayo kunye neokhalori ezaneleyo zamathamini kunye neemaminerali. Kuyinto enqwenelekayo kukutya okucocekileyo, unike ngokufudumele.
- Isiselo esininzi.
- Ukuhamba 1-2 iiyure 1-2 ngamaxesha ngosuku (ukuba umntwana akayena umsuka wesifo).
Ukukhwehlela okukhenkcezayo - yintoni enokuyenza xa kuhlaselwa?
Ukuba eso sifo sihamba ngaphandle kweengxaki, akukho zenzo ezikhethekileyo ezifunekayo.
Izindlela ezilula zokunciphisa ukukhwehlela ngokukhwehlela
- Ukwandisa umswakama kwigumbi.
- Yenza umntwana aphephe umoya omtsha.
- Ukutyala umntwana uze uwutyelele phambili.
- Gubha umqolo ukuze uququzelele ukukhutshwa kwe-sputum.
- Faka isicelo se-compress ebandayo kwindawo yengcambu.
Xa kukho izibonakaliso zokunqongophala kwe-oksijeni, ukuxhatshazwa, kufuneka uthintele ngokukhawuleza iqela lokunakekelwa ngonyango. Iingcali zisebenzisa iindlela ezinzulu kakhulu, indlela yokuphatha ukukhwehlela kwezingane:
- ukungena emphunjini;
- iilenki zamanani aphezulu amavithamini B1, B6 neC;
- ulawulo lwe-Seduxen.
Amachiza kunye nepartussis
Ukuchongwa kweziyobisi kunokukhethwa kwaye kukonyulwe kuphela ugqirha ngokuhambelana nesigaba sokuphuhliswa kwezilwanyana, ubunzima bayo. Ukunyangwa kwe-pertussis kubantwana abane-antibiotics kuqhutyelwa kuphela kwixesha le-catarrha. Kamva, ii-bacteria-pathogens zixhomekeke ngokuzimeleyo emzimbeni ngoncedo lokukhwehlela nokuhlukana kwe-sputum. Amajoni e-antimicrobial asetyenziswayo:
- Flemoxin ;
- Ampicillin;
- Erythromycin;
- Augmentin;
- I-Sumamed ;
- Gentamycin nabanye.
Izongezo ezongezelelweyo zemithi, indlela yokuphatha ukukhwehlela, ukubonisa ukusetyenziswa kwezi zidakamizwa ezilandelayo kuphela kwimiyalelo yesigqirha:
- i-antitussives (Kodelak, Sinekod );
- Neuroleptics (Propazine, Aminazine);
- benzodiazepines (tizanidine, baclofen);
- antihistamine amayeza (Suprastin, Pipolphen);
- i-horticone ye-corticosteroid (Prednisolone, i-Methylprednisolone).
I-Physiotherapy inceda ekupheliseni ukukhwehlela komntwana kubantwana, iimpawu kunye nonyango ziququzelelwe ngu:
- i-oxygen inhalations;
- ukusilalisa umqolo kunye nesifuba, okuphucula ukuxilonga;
- gymnastics yokuphefumula;
- nebulazer .
Ukukhwehlela ukukhwehlela - iindlela zobuhlobo zonyango kubantwana
Zonke ezinye iindlela zokwelapha zijoliswe ekuphuculeni ukuchithwa kwe-muscus, ukususa ama-pathogens kumzimba. Ukunyangwa okugqithisiweyo kokukhwehlela ukukhupha kubangela iziphumo ezilandelayo:
- ukususwa kweepasimathi zendlela yokuphefumula kunye neentambo zezwi;
- ukuphucula ukuphefumula;
- ukunciphisa iimpawu zesifo;
- ukuqheleka kobushushu bomzimba;
- ukutyumba kwenkqubo yokuvuvukala.
Isikhwehlela semfuyo yokukhwehlela kubantwana
Izithako :
- ingcambu ye-elecampane i-100 g;
- iziqhamo zeCoriander - 100 g;
- amajikijolo kunye ne-corn gark - 100 g;
- I-St. John's Wort - 100 g;
- calendula iintyatyambo - 100 g;
- iphakama iphakama - 100 g;
- amaqabunga eucalyptus - 100 g;
- I-Peppermint - 100 g;
- amanzi abilayo - 500 ml.
Ukulungiselela, isicelo
- Hlanganisa zonke izithako.
- Beka kwi-thermos 2 tbsp. iipuni zokuqokelela.
- Uwathulule ngamanzi abilayo.
- Ukugxininisa iiyure eziyi-8 ukuya ku-10, unokushiya ubusuku.
- Nciphisa isisombululo.
- Nika umntwana umntwana wesithathu we-glass infusion 3-4 amaxesha ngosuku.
Phuza ukuphatha i-pertussis
Izithako :
- ubisi - 1 iglasi;
- igalikhi - amaqhekeza ama-5;
- ubusi - 0,5 tsp.
Ukulungiselela, isicelo
- I-peel igalikhi, uthathe iikhabhi ezincinci.
- Yilise ubisi iminyaka emi-3-5 (ngaphantsi kokushisa okuphantsi).
- Gxininisa isiselo, siphunga kunye nobusi.
- Nika umntwana inxalenye encinci emini.
Umhluzi onohlaza ovela kwimpawu zokukhwehlela kubantwana
Izithako :
- amacembe e-plantain - 1 tbsp. isipuni;
- amanzi - 1 iglasi;
- i-cherry jam - ukunambitha.
Ukulungiselela, isicelo
- Dlulisa utshani obomityiweyo obuncotyiweyo.
- Ukunyanzelisa iiyure ezingama-2.
- Nciphisa iyeza.
- Phula nge jam (ukhetha).
- Abantwana banikela i-1 tbsp. isipuni sesilungiso semizuzu engama-20 ngaphambi kokutya, amaxesha amane ngosuku.
Prophylaxis ye-pertussis
Inye kuphela indlela efanelekileyo yokukhusela usulelo olufanelekileyo ngexesha lokugonya. Ukugonya okusemgangathweni ekukhuseleni ukukhwehlela kwe- DTP . Ukongeza kwesi sifo, kusebenza njengokuthintela i-diphtheria ne-tetanus. Ijoyi yokuqala yenziwa kwiinyanga ezintathu. I-Revaccination iqulethe ezinye iinkqubo ezi-2, ixesha eliphakathi kwezigxiba iiveki ezintandathu. Ungathatha indawo yeDPT kunye nezinye iziyobisi:
- Tetrakok;
- Infanriks;
- Triazeliuvaks;
- Pentaxim;
- Tetraksim.