I-neuroblastoma enye yezona zicubu eziqhelekileyo zesimiso seentsholongwane kubantwana, ezichaphazela inxalenye yayo enovelwano. Ukuphuhliswa kwe-tumor kuqala ngexesha le-intrauterine, xa iiseli ezinobungozi zifudukela kwi-ganglia enobubele, i-adrenal glands nezinye iindawo.
Ukugxekwa kwe-neuroblastoma kwenziwa ngesiseko sedatha efana nale: yobudala bomntwana, isigaba apho i-diagnostic eyenziwe ngayo, kunye neemeko ze-hertological zeeseli ezibulalayo. Zonke ezi nkcukacha zihambelana nemingcipheko. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba abantwana abanomngcipheko ophantsi kunye othe ngcipheko badla ngokulula, kodwa izigulane ezinomngcipheko ophezulu, nangona unyango, zinamathuba amaninzi okuphila. Iinkcukacha ezongezelelweyo malunga nezizathu, iimpawu kunye nokunyanga kwe-neuroblastoma kubantwana abafundwe kwinqaku lethu.
Neuroblastoma - Izizathu
Nangona uphando olude kunye olupheleleyo, izazinzulu azifumananga isizathu esithile sokuphuhlisa i-neuroblastoma. Ngaphezu koko, kwakungenakwenzeka ukuchonga izinto ezinokuchaphazela ukubonakala kwayo.
Ewe, kukho ukuqikelela, kodwa kunjalo, akukho bungqina. Ngako oko, inxalenye enkulu, i-neuroblastoma ibonakala kubantwana kwintsapho eyayisineziganeko zokuxhatshazwa. Kodwa ngonyaka, ehlabathini, kukho umyinge we-1-2% weemeko apho abazali okanye izihlobo eziseduze eziye zahlulwa yilo mfo.
Ngoku, i-genome yezigulane ezineentsapho ze-neuroblastoma ziphandwa ukuze zibale i-gene (okanye iindiza ezininzi), ukuguqulwa kwimeko apho, mhlawumbi, kuqhube ukuphuhliswa kwesi shwala.
I-neuroblastoma kubantwana - iimpawu
Iimpawu ze-neuroblastoma kubantwana zixhomekeke kwiindawo eziphambili ze-tumor kunye nobukho okanye ukungabikho kweemetastases. Impawu "ze-Classic" ze-neuroblastoma kubantwana zi: iintlungu zesisu, ukuhlanza , ukulahleka kwesisindo, ukutya, ukhathala kunye nentlungu. I- hypertension ye-blood pressure , kwaye isifo sohudo esingapheliyo sisinqabile.
Ukusukela ngaphezu kwe-50% yezigulane ziza kugqirha kwiimigangatho ezisekupheleni kwesi sifo, iimpawu zesifo kulezi ziko zinikezelwa ngokutshatyalaliswa kwamalungu apho i-tumor idibanisa khona. Ezi ziquka intlungu yesifuba, imfiva engenakuchazwa kunye nokuqhubekayo, ukucaphuka kunye nokutyhawula amehlo.
Xa i-tumor isesifubeni, ingabangela ukuba i-Claude-Bernard-Horner syndrome. I-classic triad ye-Horner yile: ukusiyeka kwesinye kwinqanaba le-eyelidi, ukunciphisa umfundi kunye nesimo esicacileyo se-eyeball (amehlo anempilo). Kwi-pathology yokubeletha kukho i-heterochromia - umbala ohlukileyo we-iris (umzekelo, enye eluhlaza kwamehlo, kunye nolunye uhlaza okwesibhakabhaka).
Kwakhona, abazali bomntwana ogulayo banokubonisana nogqirha malunga nomcimbi ohluke ngokupheleleyo - umzekelo, kusenokuba yintlukwano. Kakade kukho uphando olongezelelweyo lubonakalisiwe ukuba isizathu esiye saholela ekutyekeni kwamathambo, sisifo se-metastasis.
Neuroblastoma - unyango
Unyango lwe-neuroblastoma yendawo, oko kukuthi, i-tumor eneemida ezicacileyo kwaye akukho mitshini yonyango. Emva kokususwa kwemfundo, ukunyanga okupheleleyo komntwana kulindeleke.
Kodwa kwiimeko xa i-tumor ikwazi ukunika i-metastases, ngaphezu kwenkqubo yokususwa kwenjongo yokuqala ye-neuroblastoma,
Neuroblastoma - kwakhona
Ngelishwa, njengawuphi na umhlaza, i-neuroblastoma inokubuyisela kwakhona.
Iingxelo kwiimeko ezinjalo zihluke kakhulu:
- Ukuphindaphinda kwesilinganisi sendawo (ukubonakala kwesifo esitsha) sinokuhlelwa kwesigxina esihle, kuba sisenokukhutshwa ngugqirha;
- kwizigulane ezineendlela zokusasaza, ukuxela kubomi kunokungalungi, kuba kunzima ukunyanga.