I-Ischemia yengqondo yintlupheko yokukhubazeka eyenza ingozi enkulu ingengomsebenzi oqhelekileyo womntu ogulayo, kodwa nakwimpilo yakhe. Njengoko izibalo zibonisa, kwiminyaka yamuva inani lezo zifo ziqhubeka zanda, kwaye eso sifo asithandi abantu asebekhulile, nabantu abaphakathi, nabantu abaselula.
Ischemia yengqondo - yintoni na?
I-Ischemia yengqondo, okanye isifo se-ischemic, imeko yesifo apho amangqamuzana engqondo angayifumani i-oksijini ngobungakanani obufanelekileyo ngenxa yokungahambi kakuhle kwemithambo yegazi ebondla le nxalenye ebalulekileyo. Ingqondo ingumthengi omkhulu omoya emzimbeni kwaye iyancipha kakhulu kwi-hypoxia, ngoko kwimiqathango yokuntuleka kwe-oksijini ngexesha lokukhawuleza, kukho ukuphulwa kwemisebenzi yayo eyahlukeneyo, leyo ingaba yinto ephikiweyo.
Ukongezelela ukungabikho kwe-oksijeni, ngengqondo ye-brainchemical ngenxa yokungahambi kwezondlo ezinikezwa ngegazi (iivithamini, i-glucose, njalonjalo), kukho utshintsho kwiinkqubo ze-metabolic. Ngenxa yoko, ukutshatyalaliswa kweengqungqungquthela zeengqondo eziqalayo, kwaye, ngokuxhomekeka kwindawo kunye nobukhulu bezilonda, iziphumo zolu luyahluka.
I-Ischemia yengqondo - ibangela
I-cerebral ischemia ivela ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukahlukeneyo ezikhokelela ekubeni kunzima ukunikezelwa kwegazi kwingqondo. Ziyakwazi ukwahlula ngamaqela amaninzi:
1. Utshintsho lwemvelo kwiinqanawa ezondla ingqondo, ezihambelana nomfanekiso wazo kunye nobubanzi bokusebenza. Kulo qela, into eqhelekileyo yinto yokubhubhisa i- atherosclerosis , efunyenwe kwininzi yezigulane ezixilongwe "nge-cerebral ischemia." Oku kuthetha ukuba i-cholesterol plaques yenziwe kwiindonga zangaphakathi zeemibhobho ze-cerebral, ngokunyuka kwandisa ubungakanani, ukunyusa nokuhluma kwinqanaba lomkhumbi. Ubukho be-cholesterol deposits bubangela ukucuthwa kwe-lumen ye-vascular, de kube yinto epheleleyo. Ukongeza, eli qela liquka:
- utshintsho kwiindonga zemithambo yegazi ezinxulumene nomfutho wegazi ophezulu, apho kukho ukwanda kwezicubu ezinxulumene kuzo;
- i-thrombi eyayingayibumba kwenye indawo, ingena kwiinqanawa ze-cerebral nge-flow flow yegazi kwaye ibangela ukucinywa;
- ezineerysms ezinobungozi - iintlobo ezingaqhelekanga kwiindonga ze-vascular;
- i-vasospasm ende (ngokubhekiselele kwimvelaphi yokuxinezeleka okukhulu, i-osteochondrosis yomlenze wesibeletho, uxinzelelo lwe-hypertension, njl.);
- Ukungaqhelekanga kokuzalwa kweendonga zemithambo yegazi;
- ukunyanzeliswa komthamo ovela ngaphandle (umzekelo, ukwakheka kwesisu).
2. Utshintsho kwiipropati zegazi - ukwandisa i-viscosity kunye ne-coagulability, okubangela ukuba kunzima ukuhamba kwegazi, ukwakheka kwamacwecwe. Isizathu sinokutshintsha kwindlela yokwenziwa kwe-electrolyte yegazi, ngenxa yokuba ilahlekelwa yikhono lokuthwala i-oxygen kunye neeprotheni.
3. Tshintsho ngokubanzi okanye i-cerebral hemodynamics , ibone nge-anemia, ukungaphumeleli kwentliziyo okanye ubuthi obubi.
4. Ukuphulwa kwe-metabolism ye-neurons , ehambelana nobudala okanye iimpawu ezithile.
I-acetychem ischemia yengqondo
Ukuba kukho i-cerebral ischemia ephawulekayo, oku kuthetha ukuba kukho ukuphumelela okuphambanisayo kwegazi kunye nesilonda esisigxina segungu. Ukukhusela ukuhamba kwegazi kubangelwa kukugqitywa kwinqanawa nge-thrombus okanye i-cholesterol plaque egcinwe kwindonga ye-vascular. I-Ischemia yengqondo kule ngxaki ikhula ngokuhambelana nomgaqo wokuhlaselwa kwe-ischemic engapheliyo kunye nomonakalo omkhulu wesikhumba seengqondo okanye isifo sokukhwabanisa ngesakhiwo se- cerebral infarction .
I-cerebral ischemia
I-cerebral ischemia engapheliyo ikhula kancane ngokumalunga nokunciphisa ixesha elide legazi. Iimbangela eziphambili ze-atherosclerosis kunye nomfutho wokhuseleko lwegazi, apho kukho izigulane ezininzi. Okubaluleke kakhulu ziimpawu ze-vascular, i-cardiovascular pathologies, kunye ne-compression compression. Imiba yengozi yale fomu yokugula iquka ukuguga, ukulungiswa kwefa, imichimo emibi, ukutya okunengqiqo.
Ischemia yeengqondo - iimpawu
Xa kukho isifo esibucayi se-ischemic, iimpawu zeengxaki zentsholongwane zinzima ukuzibheka. Ukubonakaliswa kuxhomekeke kwindawo yokuhlala kwimeko yesilonda kwaye iyahluka. Izibonakaliso zokuhlaselwa kwangethuba kunye nesifo sokukhwabanisa zifana, kodwa kwimeko yokuqala zisesigxina, ziphendulelwa kwaye ngoncedo olufike ngexesha olukhawulezileyo, kwaye kwimeko yesibini ezinye zazo ziyakwazi ukupheliswa. Masibhale uluhlu lwezibonakaliso zeefom eziqhelekileyo:
- ukungcola;
- intlungu ebukhali entloko;
- intetho e
- ukulahlekelwa okanye ukulahlekelwa ngumbono;
- ukucoca ngokungabonakaliyo, ukuxhatshazwa;
- kutyhafa ;
- ukulahleka kobubele kwezinye iindawo zomzimba;
- ukuphazamiseka kwamalungu omzimba;
- kuncipha kwimiqulu yokuhamba kwimilenze ngakwesinye icala;
- ukuphulwa kolawulo lokuhamba;
- ukungonakaliswa kwezakhono ezifanelekileyo zezithuthi;
- ukudideka kwengqondo;
- isicupunu, ukuhlanza;
- isifo soxinzelelo.
Ifomu engapheliyo, iinqanaba ezintathu ze-cerebral ischemia ziyahluka:
- Iyokuqala isigaba sokubonakaliswa kokuqala;
- yenkxaso yesibini;
- okwesithathu ihlaziya.
I-cerebral ischaemia ye-1 degree
Kwisigaba sokuqala, isistimia ye-cerebral ischemia ingenzeka ngokungaqondakaliyo isigulane kunye nabahlobo bakhe, okanye iimpawu zingayithobeli ngenxa ye-malovyrazhennosti. Imbonakalo ebalulekileyo yile:
- ukhathala okwandisiweyo;
- buthathaka;
- ukuvakalelwa kwengqondo entloko;
- ingxolo ezindlebeni;
- ukuguquka kwemizwa rhoqo;
- ukucaphuka;
- rhu lumente;
- ukuphulwa kolawulo lokuhamba;
- ukugubha;
- ukulibala, ukungabikho kwengqondo.
I-cerebral ischemia ye-2 degree
Xa i-cerebral ischemia ikhula i-degrees 2, iimpawu eziphambili ziba zibi kakhulu, zicaca ngakumbi. Izimpawu ezicacileyo zilandelayo:
- rhoqo iintloko , isisu;
- ukungabikho kwememori ebalulekileyo;
- ukwahlukana, ukunganakwa;
- izilungelelaniso kunye neengxaki ze-oculomotor;
- ukulahleka kwamandla okusebenza;
- iingxaki zengqondo.
I-cerebral ischaemia yesigaba sesi-3
Ngomgangatho wesithathu wokukhubazeka, ubuninzi bomonakalo wengqondo kunye nemiphumo ephulukileyo ephulukileyo ayinakuguquka. Izibonakaliso zezifo ze-ischemic ziquka:
- syncope rhoqo;
- ukukhubazeka;
- ukungabikho komchamo;
- ukuziphatha okungafanelekanga nokungalawulwa;
- ukukwazi ukuhamba;
- ukulahleka kwememori;
- ukuphazamiseka kwemisebenzi yengqondo ngokufanelekileyo ukuya kutsho komqondo.
Ischemic sifo - ukuxilongwa
Ukuba ugqirha ugxeka ukuba isigulane sikhula isifo se-ischemic yengqondo, iinjongo ezininzi ziqeshwe ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa, ukugqiba izinga lokuqhubela phambili, ukuchonga izizathu ezinokwenzeka. Ukuhlolwa kweemvelo kuhlola isimo seendlela zokuphefumula kunye nesifo senhliziyo, sinquma isimo sengqondo (ukucaca ukuqonda, intetho, inkumbulo, uvakalelo, ukulungelelaniswa kweminyango, ukuphendula ngokunyanisekileyo ukukhanya, njalo njalo). Ukhetho lwezixhobo kunye neengcali zelabhoratri:
- ikhompyutheni okanye ukuboniswa kwemifanekiso yeengqondo;
- I-ultrasound dopplerography yemitha emikhulu yegazi;
- ukuskena kweepeyile;
- i-angiography yeenqwelo ze-cerebral;
- i-electroencephalography yengqondo;
- i-echocardiography yentliziyo;
- electrocardiogram;
- i-ophthalmoscopy ye-fundus;
- I-X-ray yomlomo wesibeletho;
- ukuhlolwa kwegazi malunga nomxholo weengxube zeepid, i-glucose kunye ne-cholesterol.
I-Ischemia yengqondo - unyango
Izigulane ezikhankanywa ukuba ziyi-cerebral ischemia kufuneka zifumane unyango ngokukhawuleza, ezifuna ukunyangwa kwezibhedlele ngokukhawuleza. Okokuqala, amanyathelo athatyathwa ukubuyisela ukujikeleza kwegazi, ephunyezwe ngeendlela ezizimeleyo okanye ezicwangcisiweyo. Ukungenelela kokusebenza kwenziwa kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu ngenjongo yokususa i-thrombus okanye i-atherosclerotic plaque kwi-artery evinjiweyo yecerebral, ikhulisa i-lumen yesitya.
Xa i-cerebral ischemia ifunyaniswa, inxaxheba ebalulekileyo kunyango inikwe ukuthotyelwa kokutya. Izigulane zifuna ukunciphisa ukutya kwezilwanyana zezilwanyana, ukulondoloza, iziqholo, i-muffins, ushukela kunye netyuwa. Ukutya okunomsebenzi ocebileyo kwi-potassium (ama-apricot omisiwe, ama-raisins, iifatata eziphekiweyo), iodine (ivenkile zaselwandle), iimveliso zobisi ezinomuncu, imifuno, izithelo, okusanhlamvu. Umthamo wesahlulo esinye sinokuncitshiswa, ukwandisa inani lokutya ukuya ku-5-6. Uphulo luvame ukuxhaswa ngumsebenzi wokwenyama, ukuhlalisa umzimba, iinkqubo zonyango.
Ischemia yengqondo - iziyobisi
Indlela yokuphatha i-cerebral ischemia, ugqirha ugqiba, ngokusekelwe kwidatha yokuxilonga. Ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi kuyisiseko sonyango oluyinkimbinkimbi, kunye namachiza angeniswa okanye athathwe ngomlomo. Siluhlu lwamaqela aphezulu aseburhulumenteni abelwe ukunyanga le pathology:
- i-antiplatelet agents, i- anticoagulants - ukukhusela i-clots yegazi kunye nokwakhiwa kwe-thrombi (i-acetylsalicylic acid, i-Aspirin cardio, iCardiomagnum, i-Dipiridamol, iClopidogrel, i-Fraksiparin);
- iziyobisi ze-hypotensive - ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lwegazi (Lizinopril, Enap, Ramipril, i-Amlodipine);
- i-neuroprotectors-ikhusela i-neurons kwizinto ezimbi (Actovegin, Citicoline, magnesium sulfate);
- iziyobisi ze-anticholesterol - ukunciphisa izinga le-cholesterol egazini (Atorvastatin, Rosuvastatin);
- thrombolytics - ukutshatyalaliswa kwe-thrombi (Activaz, Retaplase, Aktilis);
- i-nootropics - ukuphucula umsebenzi wengqondo (iPiracetam, Cerebrolysin, iNootropil);
- i-antispasmodics kunye ne-vasodilators-ukususwa kwezinto eziphambili ze-vascular, ukukhuliswa kwe-lumen yemithambo yegazi (Papaverin, Euphyllinum, Bilobil, Vinpocetine).
Unyango lwe-cerebral ischemia kunye namayeza omntu
Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba unyango olumiselweyo lwe-cerebral ischemia, kunye nolunzima, alukwazi ukutshintshwa yiyiphi indlela eyaziwayo, ngoko oku kuya kubulala. Ubungakanani bokusebenzisa nayiphi na indlela yokwenza unyango kufuneka kuxoxwe nogqirha, kwaye kuphela ngemvume yakhe. Njengomzekelo, sinika iresiphi yokuqokelela imfuyo enokumisa ukuphuhliswa kwezilwanyana, ukukhulisa i-lumen yemithanjeni yegazi, ukulungelelanisa ukuhamba kwegazi kunye neenkqubo zokuxilongwa kwiseli yengqondo.
Iyeza lonyango
Izithako:
- Itafile ye-Oregano - 1. isipuni;
- nettle - itafile e-1. isipuni;
- i-goosee ye-goosee - itafile e-1. isipuni;
- iintyatyambo immortelle - itafile e-1. isipuni;
- iphakama ephakamileyo - itafile e-1. isipuni;
- iziqhamo zetafula ze-hawthorn-2. iipuni;
- Itafile yaseSt. John's Wort - 3. iipuni;
- Imbewu ye-Flax - 1 ithisipuni. isipuni;
- ishidi lesinti - 1 ithisipuni. isipuni.
Ukulungiselela nokusetyenziswa
- Hlanganisa kwaye udibanise izithako.
- Thatha i tafile 2. iqoqo lepuni, uthele ihafu yesitha yamanzi abilayo.
- Ukugxininisa ebusuku, ngoko ke
- Phuza emini, ukwahlula ukufakelwa kwizinto zokutya ezintathu.
- Inkqubo yokonyango iinyanga ezintathu.
Iimpembelelo ze-cerebral ischemia
Isifo se-Ischemic yengqondo singakhokelela kwimiphumo eyingozi, apho:
- ukukhubazeka kwendawo yokuphefumula;
- i-edema yengqondo;
- i-thromboembolism ye-pulmonary artery;
- ukuhluleka kwentliziyo;
- ngqondweni;
- paresthesia;
- ukuxhamla.
Iprophylaxis yesifo se-coronary
Ngobuncinci ubunokwenzeka, izifo zengqondo zengqondo zikhula kubantu abangenayo imikhwa emibi, babandakanye kwimidlalo, bahambelana nemimiselo yokutya okunempilo kwaye bahlala kwimimandla efanelekileyo. Ngaloo nto engqondweni, ukukhusela ukukhubazeka, sele kusele namhlanje:
- Ixesha elide lokuchitha ngomoya omtsha.
- Ukunciphisa utywala nokutshaya.
- Kulungile, ukutya okunokulinganisela.
- Ukukhokela indlela esebenzayo yobomi.
- Gwema iimeko ezixinzelelekileyo.
- Ngexesha elifanelekileyo, phatha izifo.