Iiplastiki ezisesikhumbeni

Ukwanda kwamathambo kwintsholongwane kunoma yiphina indawo yesikhumba, kubandakanya isikhumba sobuso kunye nentloko, kubhekiswa njengama-neoplasms. Iiplasophi ziyahlukahluka ngokwezinga lokwahlukana kweeseli, ukukwazi ukulungelelanisa nezinye izitho kunye nezilwanyana, kwaye kubangele ukuxhatshazwa kunye nokudinwa ngenxa yesiphumo esibulalayo. Ngokuxhomekeka kwesi sihloko esikhumbeni sinokwahlula kwiindidi ezilandelayo:

• bhendi;
• ezimbi;
• umda.

I-benign neoplasm yesikhumba

Ezi ziquka:

• iimfazwe kunye neentlanzi;
• nevi (izikhumbuzo zokuzalwa kunye neendawo zokuzalwa);
• papillomas;
• izicubu ezivela kwiingqungquthela: iisetyring (ngokukhupha), i-adenomas kunye ne-atheromas (ukusuka kwinqabileyo);
• i-hemangiomas kunye ne-lymphangiomas (ukusuka egazini kunye neenqanawa ze-lymphatic);
• izicubu ezivela kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezicubu: i-fibromas (ukusuka kwintsebenziswano), i-leiomyomas (ivela kwi-muscular), i-lipomas (iphuma kumanqatha);
• izicubu ze-neurogenic ze-nerve ne-fibers, kunye nabanye.

Ii-Warts, i-warts kunye ne-papillomas zibangelwa yi-papillomavirus yabantu. Ezinye iintlobo zamapillilom zenzeka ngokugqabhuka okungapheliyo kwesikhumba kunye namagqabha enqabileyo. Ama-Nevus azalwa ngokuzalwa okanye afunyenwe, avela nanini na.

I-neoplasm ye-Benign ekhumbeni iyakwenzeka ngokulimala, ii-X-rays kunye nokukhanya kwelanga, xa zibonakaliswe ngesikhumba sempahla enobudlova, kunye nezifo zesikhumba zangoku ezide. Ayikho indima encinci idlalwe yinkalo yefa. Iiseli zesifo se-tumor zihluke kakhulu, ukukhula kancinci, akukho ukuhluma kwimizimba efuphi.

Kumda we-edgeline (precancerous) i-neoplasms ekwazi ukuhamba nayo:

• uphondo oluthile;
• senile keratosis;
• xeroderma ye pigment;
• keratoacanthoma;
• i-pigment yangasemngceleni.

Xa izicubu zomda kufuneka zikhunjulwe ixesha elide elangeni ngaphandle kokukhuselwa kwesikhumba, ngaphandle kwefuthe lezinto ezinobundlobongela kwesikhumba, ukuthintela ukulimala kwakhe. Kwakhona kuyimfuneko ukuvavanya ngokuqinileyo ezi ziko, ukuba akukho mbuzo wonyango olungxamisekileyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, izilonda zesikhumba ezinobunzima kunye nezilungelelaniso zingcono zisuswe (ikakhulukazi ukukhula kwangaphambili komdlavuza), kuba kukho rhoqo umngcipheko wokulahla kwabo kwisifo somhlaza.

I-neoplasm embi yesikhumba

Isisu esiyingozi kunazo zonke i-melanoma. Ugxininiso oluphambili luhlala lusesikhumbeni. Ngokuqhelekileyo i-melanoma ibunjwa ukusuka kwi-pigment nevus kwixinzelelo layo, ukuthunyiswa ngokweqile. I-tumor yiplatile kunye nemigca engavumelekanga okanye i-nevus-efana neyomhlaba onobunzima obuhlanganiswe negazi. Imfundo ikhula ngokuthe ngcembe ngobukhulu kwaye ikhawuleza inika izidalwa zeemitha. Ukuxilongwa kwe-melanoma kuqhutywa ngoncedo lwe-phosphorus e-radioactive, eqokelela kwi-tumor izikhathi ezili-10 ngaphezu kwezicubu ezinempilo, usebenzisa i-cytological smears-prints, i-hertological examination. Unyango lwe-tumor ludibeneyo.

Iimfucu ezinobungozi zesikhumba ziquka i-basal cell kunye ne-epithelioma (squamous cell carcinoma). I-basaloma iyigweba elimhlophe elikhutshwe ngekratshi. Ubunqwenelekayo kukuba emva kweminyaka embalwa ijika ibe yi-squamous cell carcinoma yolusu. I-epithelioma inzima kunokuba isebenal cell, inika ngokukhawuleza i-metastase kwiimfayili, emva koko imeko yesigulane ihlahloka ngokukhawuleza. Ukufa kuvela ekuphumeni kwegazi ngexesha lokubola kwe-tumor, ukuxhatshazwa ngumhlaza kunye nokugqithwa ngokubanzi komzimba.

Ukuxilongwa kwe-neoplasm yolusu

Ukuxilonga kunye nokuxilongwa ngokuhlukileyo kwezicubu zesikhumba, ezi ndlela zilandelayo zisetyenziswa:

• uviwo no
• indlela ye-thermometric;
• isifundo somsakazo;
• uphando lwe-morphological (cytology, histology);
• uphando lwee-lymph nodes zengingqi;
• iindlela zokuphonononga iibhoratri kunye nezindlela zokuphanda ngeengqungquthela ukuba zingabandakanyi ii-metastases kwezinye izitho, njl.

Unyango lwe-neoplasm yesikhumba

Ukukhetha indlela yokonyango, ugqirha uyaqwalasela uhlobo lwesifo, indawo yaso, isigaba, isakhiwo sakhe, isimo seengxube ezithandayo. Ezi ndlela zilandelayo zisetyenziswa:

• ukukhishwa kwendlela yokukhutshwa kweengcambu zesikhumba, kuquka i-laser kunye ne-cryogenic;
• yonyango;
• chemotherapy;
• zidibene.

Okubaluleke kakhulu, ngokukhawuleza kunokwenzeka, uye kudokotela ukuze wenze unyango ofike ngexesha, oya kuvumela umntu ukuba alondoloze ubomi.