Ukutshala imbewu yeempompo emhlabathini ovulekileyo kwaye uphumelele kwaye umyezo wakho ngasekupheleni kwexesha wawuneziqhamo ezinkulu ze-orange, kufuneka ukwazi imigaqo-siseko yokunyamekela le nkcubeko ye-melon. Esi sityalo esithandwayo nesiqhelekileyo asikwazi kuthiwa singenangqiqo, kodwa iimpazamo ngexesha lokuhlwayela zingachaphazela kakhulu isivuno salo.
Indlela yokutshala imbewu yeengqimba kwindawo evulekile?
Ngomongo wabonakala kwiLizwe Elidala kwiibhentshi kunye nabanqwelisi abaphupha ukukhula kwintsimi yasekhaya iziqhamo ezimangalisayo zezityalo ezingathandekiyo abazithandayo. Ngenxa yeso sizathu, isiqhelo esithandwayo se-herbaceous sihluke kwiintlobo zaseYurophu ezikhulayo kwiindawo ezifudumeleyo, i-thermophilic temper. Ukufumana izivuno ezilungileyo, imigaqo yokutshala amathanga kunye nembewu iphuhliswa, evumela ukuba ugweme iimpazamo ezihambelana nokuqhwala kwezityalo, ukufa kwezihluma, isityalo kunye nesifo.
Iintlobo ezininzi zeengqungqele ziye zachongwa - i-muscat, inkulu-fruited kunye nobunzima. Iindidi ze-Muscat zinomdla obalaseleyo, isetyenziswe ekuphekeni kwezitya zokutya. Uyayithanda kakhulu imfudumalo kunye nasezindaweni ezibandayo ikhulile ngokuyinxalenye yendlela yokwenza imbewu. Iintlobo ezininzi ezivelisiweyo zivule kakhulu, ziyaziwayo ngenxa yezimbewu zaso zelanga zelanga, izityalo zayo zigcinwa ixesha elide emva kokuvuna. Iipompo ezinzima eziphekiweyo zinenjongo yetafile, ziyaxabiswa ngokukhula ngokukhawuleza kunye ne-pulp elula.
Ukuvunwa kweMascat Inhlanzi:
- Ipeyari yegolide;
- Arabatskaya;
- Entsha;
- Vitamin;
- Pearl;
- EGiliyadi;
- Butternat.
Iindidi ezibonakalayo zeengqimba eziqinisiweyo:
- Gymnose;
- IsiBulgaria;
- Isihlahla saseGribov;
- Spaghetti;
- IAlmond;
- Danka Polka;
- Izwe.
Umququ omkhulu ovelisiweyo:
- Titanium;
- Umfazi waseRussia;
- Iikiti ezilikhulu;
- IMarble;
- Smile;
- Centner;
- Omncinci;
- Ukuthambisa.
Abaphambili bamathambo kwindawo evulekile
Ukutsalwa okucwangcisiweyo kwembewu yamatope kwindawo evulekile ayiyi kunika umphumo omuhle, ukuba iibhedi kunye nale nkcubeko zifumaneka kwiindawo apho ixesha elidlulileyo likhulile ukhukhamba okanye iergetgettes nge sikwashi. Isizathu silele kwizifo ezifanayo kunye neentsholongwane ezithintela umhlaba kwaye nangemva kokumba ukufaneleka akubhubha ebusika. Ngaphandle kokujikeleza kwesityalo, bona, ngokufika kobushushu, bahlaselwa ngokukrakra iziqhamo zeziqhamo, ngokunciphisa kakhulu isivuno.
Eyona ndlela ihamba phambili yeengqungquthela endle:
- iinkcubeko;
- iklabishi;
- izityalo zengcambu;
- iifatata;
- ngqolowa yasebusika;
- ngqolowa ye silage;
- imifuno ekhanyayo.
Xa ukutyala ithanga kwindawo evulekile entwasahlobo?
Ukuba awuhambisani nexesha lokutshala imbewu yeengqimba emhlabathini ovulekileyo, ngoko kwimozulu yethu, amahlumela abuthathaka angakwazi ukufumana ubunzima obukhulu ukususela nakwiqabunga lentwasahlobo. Kufuneka ibalwe ngokuchanekileyo xa usongelo lweqabunga lokugqibela linyamalalala kwindawo yalo. Ukusebenza kwiibhedi kuqala ngokufika kobushushu obuzinzileyo, kuxhomekeka kummandla, ukutshala kwezityalo zamathambo kuqhutywe ngoMeyi ukuya kuJuni. Isivuno sesityalo sikhula kakuhle kwi-25 ° C, xa iqondo lokushisa lihla ukuya ku-14 ° C nangaphantsi, ukuphuhliswa kobuninzi obuhlaza kwi-melon.
Unokukhetha njani imbewu yokutshala?
Imbewu efunyenweyo ayisoloko iyamkelekile ukuhluma. Ngokuqhelekileyo, abathengisi abangathembekiyo bathengisa ngokupakishwa ngempahla emihle yokukhishwa kwesithombe engahambelani neempawu ze-varietal. Eyona nto inokukhetha ukutshala ithanga kunye nembewu yakho kwindawo evulekile, ekuvumela ukuba ugcine imali eninzi kwintsimi enkulu. Kubalulekile ukwazi imigaqo yokuqokelela kunye neendlela zokugcina, ukwenzela ukuba umsebenzi wasentwasalala ebhedini uphumelele kwaye wanikezela umphumo owamkelekileyo.
Ukuthengwa kwembewu yamatope:
- Ngenjongo yethu, kufuneka sikhethe olukhulu kakhulu, oluvuthiweyo, olubonakalayo olubonakalayo oluhambelana neendidi zayo.
- Kuyinto enqwenelekayo ukutshala imbewu yeempompo ngokwahlukileyo kwi-mass mass, ukwenzela ukuba ungabandakanyi ukuhlenga ngexesha lokuvumba.
- Akunqweneli phantsi kweengqithi, oceba ukuzisebenzisa ukuzalisa, ukwenza amanani angaphezulu kwamaqhekeza.
- Cima ithanga ngaphambi kokufika kweqabunga kwaye uyibeke ngokufanelekileyo ukugcina.
- Emva kwenyanga, unokukhetha imbewu, akufanele igcinwe ngaphakathi, iya kuhluma ngokugcina ixesha elide.
- Cima ithanga kufuneka libe ngecala kwicala, ukuze ungalimazi imbewu.
- Emva kokukhutshwa, i-inoculum ihlambulukileyo ngamanzi, ibeke umgca omnye kwisitya esinyeneyo kwaye isomiswe phantsi kweemeko zecumbi. Ukucwina kwii-ovens kwenzeka ngokukhawuleza, kodwa kunokuchaphazela ukuhluma kwembewu yamathanga.
- Gcina imbewu ngaphambi kokutshala kwindawo evulekile kwiipapuphu zephepha okanye iingxowa.
- Iqondo lokugcina lokugcina elingu-14-16 ° C.
Indlela yokuhluma imbewu yokutshala?
Ukuze kube neengxaki ezimbalwa kwindawo evulekileyo phantsi kweemeko ezingafanelekanga kwaye ukwandisa amandla okuhluma, kucetyiswa ukuba kuveliswe ihlumela zembewu yeempukeni ngaphandle kokutshala. Emva kwalo mgaqo, bahlanganisane, amahluma aqinileyo aphelelwa yintsholongwane. Inkqubo yokuhluma ivela kwizigaba eziliqela:
- Imbewu engenalutho, elula kunye neyodwa iyanqatshelwa xa ihlelwa.
- Kwiintsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuba usebenze kwindawo evulekile, i-inoculum ineminyaka engama-2-3 iiyure emanzini afutha kuma-50 ° C.
- Emva koko, faka imbewu kwiingubo ezinomthunzi okanye i-napkins.
- Ukuze imbewu ingayomile, ungawafaka ngesikhwama seplastiki, esisuswe ngokukhawuleza ukuze siphume umoya.
- Ukuhluma okuqhubekayo kuqhutyelwa kwiqondo lokushisa.
- Xa imbewu ihluma ukuya kwi-3 mm ubude, siqala ngaphandle kokulibazisa ukufika kwindawo evulekile.
Ukutshala ithanga kwindawo evulekile kunye nembewu entwasahlobo
I-Ogorodniki ihlala isebenzisa indlela yokwenza imbewu yokubanzi. Ubunzulu bembewu yamathanga ephantsi komhlaba kuxhomekeke ekubunjweni komhlaba kunye nomswakama. Ehlabathini elungileyo lifikelela kuma-8 cm, kumhlaba onzima - akukho ngaphaya kwama-5-6 cm. Inkqubo kunye nemithetho yokutyala ithanga kuxhomekeke kubukhulu obuphakathi kwezihlumelo:
- Iintlobo zeentlobo - 70x70 cm.
- Ngeentlobo ezinokulinganisa ubukhulu bemivimbo - 140x70 cm okanye 140x140 cm.
- Ukutyala kweentlobo kunye neziqu ezinde ziqhutyelwa ngokwecwangciso - 180-210x100-180 cm.
Umququzeleli weengxowa xa utyala
Ngenxa yomgama omkhulu phakathi kwamahlathi, kunengqiqo ukufaka isichumisi kwi-ithanga kwindawo evulekile phantsi kwehlathi ngalinye, ngaphandle kokusabalalisa izinto ezincedo kulo lonke isayithi. Ungasebenzisa iresiphi elandelayo yokuhlaziya amaqula:
- Umquba - ukuya kwibhakethi eli-1.
- Superphosphate - ukuya kuma-20 g.
- Umanyolo wePotassium - ukuya kwi-10 g.
- I-Saltpeter - ukuya kwi-10 g.
- I-ash ash - ukuya kwi-1 indebe.
Yintoni ongayifaka ecaleni kweengqungquthela?
Ngokwesiko kwiifama ezizimeleyo kufuphi neengqimba, ingqolowa ikhule , ngenxa yale njongo, iintlobo ezibekezelayo ezimthunzini kunye neziqu ezide zifanelekile ukusetyenziswa kwangaphandle. Hlonipha kakuhle abamelwane kunye neembotyi, iifolo okanye ubhontshisi. Zama ukwahlula iibhedi ngeentlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-melon. Ngokomzekelo, i-zucchini, okanye i-squash ziyakwazi ukuthungca ngamathanga, ukulahlekelwa ngcamango.