Kwiminyaka emininzi edlulileyo, ukusela utywala kwakucingelwa ukuba yinto eqhelekileyo kwaye yendalo, kwakungenakwenzeka ukucinga isidlo esingenasiggayi kunye neengilazi ngewayini. Ngokuphuhliswa kweyeza, oogqirha benkulungwane ye-19 babonisa ukuba utshwala bunempembelelo emzimbeni womntu kwaye umlutha. Isenzo sezinto zotywala sinomngcipheko phantse onke amalungu kunye neenkqubo.
Ukusetyenziswa kotywala kubangela, kwindawo yokuqala, kwintlupheko yesistim se-nervous, oko kukuthi, umntu uphethwe yiphupha, iimeko ezixinzezelekileyo zihlala zikhona, kwaye zihlala zibuhlungu. Abantu abanomlutha wokuvala utywala kwezandla, ngokungabikho kotywala-kwandiswe ukukhathazeka kwamanzi.
Iiseli zesisindo zixhalabele utywala, ukucinezela kwabo ngexesha lokuthatha utywala kuholele ekunciphiseni inkqubo ye-nervous. Impembelelo enobungozi obunxilisayo inememori, ngenxa yokuba ngenxa yokuphulwa komthambo we-nerve, umntu oseburhulumenteni obunxilisayo akanakukhumbuza ukuba uvela phi kwaye liphi igama lakhe. Ngaphandle kokuba indoda okanye ibhinqa iphela emva kokuxiliswa, ibuyisela kwakhona i-amnesia , i. abantu abakwazi ukukhumbula oko kwenzekayo "ngokuzonwabisa" kusihlwa.
Imbonakalo engebiyo yemiphumo yobutywala ibonakala ngomhla olandelayo. Abantu abaninzi baneentloko, tk. iiseli zengqondo zithinteka kakhulu kwiibhox, kwaye utywala nje kuphela yityhefu yomzimba womntu. Iintloko ziya kubangelwa ukugxilwa kweemivenge zegazi, kuba utywala kuqala uhlawulela iinqanawa zomhlaba, kwaye emva kweeyure ezimbalwa zicinga ngokukhawuleza.
Izifundo ezininzi zeengcali zezokwelapha emkhakheni wokusebenza ngokuzala komzimba wesibhambathisi ziye zabonisa umphumo ongathandekiyo wokusela utywala xa ukhulelwe. Abasetyhini abasebenzisa utywala ngaphambi kokukhulelwa, bachithe ulwazi lwezofuzo kwiifollicle, ngoko ke abantwana bazalwa ngokusweleka kwaye baphelelwe emva kokuphuhliswa kwengqondo. Ukutywala kotywala ngexesha lokukhulelwa kukukhokelela ekubeni utywala obungenayo kungena emngciphekweni we-placental kwaye ungathinteli kakubi umntwana, ukuxinzelela ukuphuhliswa kwenkqubo ye-nervous.
Impembelelo yotywala kwizitho ezahlukeneyo kunye neenkqubo
Ukungena emzimbeni, utywala uqala ukuxutywa esesiswini, ukugqwetha kakhulu kubonakala emva kwemizuzu embalwa emva kokusela iglasi.
Iziyobisi ezingafaniyo ezingafaniyo zithintela ukubunjwa kwegazi, ngoko ukutya kwe-50 ml yewayini ebomvu imihla ngemihla kubangela ukwandisa ukuhlanganiswa kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi kwaye ngenxa yoko, izinga le-hemoglobin landa, umsebenzi wokudluliswa kwe-oksijeni uyathuthuka.
Ubunxila kunye nokuxinwa kwezinto ezinxilisayo (40% okanye ngaphezulu) kuphazamisa iiseli zegazi ezimhlophe. Nangona inxalenye encinci yotywala elinegazi ingabulala i-lymphocytes, ngoko utywala unobungozi obubi ekukhuselweni .
Nangona kunjalo, kukho neemeko ezintle zemiphumo eyingozi yotywala kwiiseli eziphilayo. Ngokomzekelo, ngokuxubha isikhumba ngetyulo zotywala, kunokwenzeka ukuba unciphise i-microorganisms ye-pathogenic.
Izinto ezinxilisayo, umzimba, kunye nakweminye i-toxins, ilahleka ngokuyinhloko ngesibindi. Eli qumrhu lisebenza njengefayile, ngenxa yesakhiwo esicacileyo se-hepatocytes, izinto ezinobuthi zixutywa kwisisu sesibindi kwaye emva kwe-bile zixutywa emathunjini asele kwimeko engathathi hlangothi.
Xa utywala ephuka, into eyenziwa kwisibindi - i-acetaldehyde, ephazamisa i-pancreas. Utywala unempembelelo embi kwi-pancreas, kuba iququzelela ukuveliswa kwee-enzyme, kodwa inani le-pancreatic juice eveliswayo alinyuli. Ijusi enomdla ibangela ukucaphuka kweendonga zequmrhu, elikhokelela ekuphuhlisweni kwe-pancreatitis engapheliyo kwaye kaninzi le nkqubo ayinakuphelelwa.