Izifo zekhukhamba kunye neyeza zabo - iingcebiso ezifanelekileyo kubalimi

Kunzima ukufumana abalimi beloli abangakhula ukhukhamba. Isityalo asifunanga ukudalulwa kweemeko ezikhethekileyo, kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo ngokunyamekela okungafanelekanga nokungahambisani neempawu zeengxaki ezikhulayo. Udinga ukwazi izifo zamakhukhamba kunye nokunyanga kwabo ukuqokelela isityalo esisityebi semifuno.

Izikhumba kunye nokulawula

U-Ogorodnikam uyazi izifo ezininzi, eziphantsi kwezityalo zemifuno. Kubalulekile ukuchonga iimpawu zengxaki ngokukhawuleza, kuba ibeka ngokuthe ngqo indlela eziza kusebenza ngayo. Iingcaphephe zincoma ukuba zihlole iintsuku zonke iintsuku ukuze zichonge utshintsho olunokwenzeka.

Ikhukhamba iAnthracnose

Isityalo semifuno esakhulayo kwindawo evulekile sihlala sisuleleke kwi-anthracnose Amahlathi e-greenhouse angagula ngenxa yokunyuka komswakama. Ifungus idluliselwa yizinambuzane. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba iziphi iimpawu ezinokumisela i-anthracnose: iindawo ezibomvu zivela, emva kwexesha lihamba litshintshi kwaye iziqhamo ziyahlukana, kwaye iziqhamo zikhula ezincinci kunye neziphene.

1. Ukuvimbela ukusasazeka nokuphuhliswa kwesi sifo, ukunciphisa umswakama kwi-greenhouse. Ukutyala kufuneka kuphathwe nge-fungicides, umzekelo, "Quadrice" okanye "Abiga-Peak".
2. Unokujamelana neengxaki ngokutyhala izityalo okanye izithombo ngeesombululo somxube weBordeaux kunye ne-concentration ye-1%. Okokuqala, uthele umhlaba omningi, kwaye usebenzise ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi ukuphatha i-rootlets kunye nesiseko seempawu. Kwiqela ngalinye kufuneka libe li-1 ilitha yamanzi.
3. Ukuthintela ikhukhamba ye-anthracnose, kufuneka ususe ngokukhawuleza izibonelelo zesityalo, uhlambe ngokujulile umhlaba kwaye uphathe imbewu phambi kokuhlwayela. Ungasebenzisa ulungiso "iTiram" lokungakhutshwa komzimba.

Indlela yokujongana nomphunga we powdery kwiikomkom?

Isizathu esichukumisayo sokuqala kwesi sifo kukufudumala kwemoya ephezulu, kuncitshiswa kwamanzi kunye nokutshintsha okubukhali kwezi zikhombisi. Ukumisela i-powdery isikhutha kunokwenzeka ngokuthinta umbala omhlophe kwihlathi. Emva kwexeshana, amaqabunga aomile, i-fruiting iyakuma, kwaye iziqhamo sele ziqala ukukhula zikhubazekile. Kubalulekile ukwazi izifo zamakhukhamba kunye nonyango lwabo, kwakunye neendlela zokuthintela:

1. Xa utyhila iimpawu zokuqala, khawuleza uhlambele iifesi usebenzisa i-fungicides, umzekelo, iTopsin okanye iBayleton. Ukuba unyango lweemkhukhamba aluncedi ngesifo se powdery , ukufafaza kufuneka kuphindiwe.
2. Njengokuthintela ekwindla, ukukhubaza i-greenhouse ngokuphatha yonke indawo kunye ne-Formalin.

I-Peronosporosis yekhukhamba

Elinye igama eliqhelekileyo lesi sifo luyi-mildy mildew. Kubonakala kwiimeko ezininzi ngenxa yobumanzi obuphezulu. Ukongeza, imbewu inokuqala isifo se-peronosporosis , kwaye eso sifo sinokuqhaqhaqhazela emacaleni endala. Ingxaki ibonwa kuphela kumaqabunga, apho kubonakala khona umbala webala obomvu, kwaye ngaphantsi komnye umntu unokubona umbala webala elimnyama. Unyango luyenziwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo:

1. Ukuba iimpawu ze-peronosporosis zifunyenwe, unyango lweemkhukhamba kunye nezilwanyana zenziwa ngabantu ngokucoca ngesisombululo esilungiselelwe nge-hydrated lime kunye ne-sulfate ye-copper. Hlanganisa i-100 g yezinto zombini kwaye uhlaziye umxube kwi-10 ilitha amanzi. Phalala ngexesha lokufuma. Nceda uqaphele ukuba phakathi kwenkqubo kunye nokuvuna kufuneka kudlule ubuncinci beveki.
2. Kwizigaba zokuqala, unokutshiza ukutshala kunye ne "Quadrice" okanye "iStrobi".

Ukubola okuMhlophe kwiikomkom

Isifo esifanayo esivame ukuvela xa ukhula imifuno kwiindawo zokugcina izityalo. Ukujikeleza kunokuchaphazela zonke iinxalenye zesityalo, kunye neziqhamo. Ingxaki kwiimeko ezininzi zenziwa ngomswakama ophezulu womhlaba nomoya. Iimpawu zokubola ezimhlophe ziquka: ukubonakala kweendawo ezimanzi, ekugqibeleni ixesha lidlulela kwimimandla efana nokubonakala kwengubo yekotoni, ukwakheka kwe-mucus, kwaye ngexesha zonke iinxalenye zesityalo ziqala ukufa. Ukufunda izifo zamakhukhamba nokulwa nabo, kuyimfuneko ukuqwalasela le mithetho elandelayo phambi kokubola okumhlophe:

1. Ukuba ufumana iimpawu zokuqala zengxaki, yeka ukuthambisa kwaye ungasebenzisi isichumisi malunga neveki. Susa amaqabunga achaphazelekayo kwaye uphathe imimandla yengxaki ngomxube we-chaki kunye ne-potassium permanganate kunye nokongezwa kwincinci yamanzi.
2. Ukuphelisa intsholongwane, kucetyiswa ukuba usebenzise izisombululo ze-antiseptics, umzekelo, "I-Topaz" okanye "Oxychium". Nceda uqaphele ukuba isisombululo simele sifudumale. Emva kwenkqubo, kucetyiswa ukuba kuphuculwe i-greenhouse.
3. Phakathi kweendlela eziqhelekileyo zonyango, isisombululo se-serum sakhutshwa, esilulaphula ngamanzi kwisiqingatha se-3: 7. Eyona mphumo engcono, kucetyiswa ukuba wongeze i-teaspoon ye-sulfate ye-copper ye-1 liters yesisombululo.

KaMoses kwiikomkom

Isifo sesifo se-virus esiqhelekileyo esibonakalayo kwi-deformation yamaqabunga kunye nokubonakala kwimibala emibala. Emva kwesikhashana ziyakhutshwa, ukukhula kwesityalo kuyayeka kwaye inani leentyantyambo liyehla. Ngamanye amaxesha i-mosaic eqhelekileyo okanye ephuzi ngamakhakhamba abonakaliswa ngokuqhekeka isiseko se-stem. Ukulwa kuqhutyelwa ngokwemiqathango yokukhusela:

1. Ukujongana ne-virus, umquba wokuhlala isityalo seenyanga ezimbini.
2. Kubalulekile ukugcina ucoceko lwesayithi kunye nokususa ukhula. Sebenzisa kuphela iisitrasi ezinamanzi okanye ezinomgquba.
3. Ngethuba lexesha lezityalo kucetyiswa ukuphalaza nge-3% isisombululo se "Farmayoda-3", ekuqwalaseleni ukuba nganye ihektare kufuneka kube ne-0.3 kg yesisombululo.

Ukubola kwemiphunga yamakhukhamba

Ingxaki efanayo iyaqhelekileyo kwaye ibonakalisa phantsi kweemeko ezinzima zokushisa (ngaphantsi kwe-15 ° C nangaphezulu kwe-29 ° C). Esi sifo senziwa xa sisela amanzi emanzini abandayo, ukutshala isivuno semifuno sonyaka kwenye indawo kunye nokusebenzisa ininzi yezichumisi. Ngokuqhelekileyo inkqubela yesi sifo ibonakala ngexesha lokubusika. Izimpawu zesifo zibandakanya umbala obomvu weentamo zengcambu kunye neengcambu, ukutshitshisa kweqabunga lamagqabhagqabi, ukubola kwee-ovari kunye ne-alopecia. Ngethuba, amahlathi aya kubuna aze ame.

Ukuze unyango lweengcambu zokubola, inkqubo elula iyimfuneko. Okokuqala, shenxisa umhlaba kude neziqu kunye nefosholo, yenza konke ngokucophelela ukuze ungalonakalisi ingcambu. Iimfucu ezenziwe, phatha ngesisombululo se-sulfate yethusi, ungeze i-isipuni 1 kwi-500 ml yamanzi, kwaye ufake iipunipoyi ezi-3. iipuni ze-ash ash. Ukuba oku akunakunceda, kufuneka uhlaziye utshise kwaye utshise.

I-Grey ibola kwikhukhamba

Esi sifo se-bacteria esiqala ngeengcambu size siye kwisiqhamo. Ukubola kweGrey kubonakala ngathi utshintsho olubalulekileyo lokutshisa, ukuthambisa amahlathi ngamanzi abandayo, ukungabi nendawo yokujikeleza kwezityalo, ukunyuka kwamanzi, ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi amaninzi kunye neentambo ezingenayo i-greenhouse. Kukho imigaqo emalunga nokunyangwa nokukhuselwa kwesi sifo:

1. Amaqabunga achaphazelekayo kufuneka adunywe, kwaye ukuba ukubola kuye kudlulele kwisiqhamo, uze ufefe iindawo zengxaki kunye ne-lime okanye i-powder-chalk powder. Faka isicelo sokusika amalahle kwiinqununu.
2. Ukuba ukubola kwegreyathi kufumaneka kwiikomkom kuluhlaza okanye kwiibhedi kwindawo evulekile, kwaye ukucoca kufuneka kume.
3. Kwizitolo, ungathenga iimveliso ezenziwe ngokulungelelanisa isifo se-bacterial, umzekelo, "iZaslon", "Bayleton" okanye "Rovral."
4. Kwindlela zokulwa ne-bolsznen ziquka umxube owomileyo, oquka i-tbsp e-1. ikheki kunye nomlotha kunye ne-1 teaspoon ye-sulphate yebhedu. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba ulungiselele umxube we-chalky omanzi, uchithe i-powder emanzini kwisilinganiso 1: 1.

Ikhukhamba yeCladosporium

Le ngenye yezifo eziyingozi kakhulu, ezibizwa ngokuba yi-brown olive spotting. Kwiimpawu zalo zokuqala zibandakanya izilonda ezimanzi ezimdaka, ezibonakaliswa kungekhona nje ezintlangeni, kodwa neziqhamo. I-Kladosporiosis yamakhukhamba iyenzeka ngexesha leengqungquthela, ukuthambisa ngamanzi abandayo, ukushisa kweqondo eliphantsi kunye nomswakama omhlaba ophezulu. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba lesi sifo sinako ukufikelela kwiintsuku ezingama-6 ukuya ku-8 ukuya kutshabalalisa isityalo sonke kunye nezityalo ngokwazo. Ukuqhubela phambili ukufunda izifo zekhukhamba kunye nokunyango lwabo olufanelekileyo, kuyafaneleka ukubhala ingqalelo ekulwa ne-cadaveriasis:

1. Ngeveki kufuneka uyeke ukutyilisa. Ngeentsuku ezifudumeleyo, qiniseka ukuba uvuselele i-greenhouse, kwaye kwixesha elibandayo, livale, ukuze iqondo lokushisa lingabi liphantsi kakhulu.
2. Xa iimpawu zokuqala zivela, kuyacetyiswa ukuba uphathe unyango nge-"Oxihom", ucinga ukuba ii-10 zamanzi zamanzi zifuna i-20 g. Ungasasebenzisa isisombululo se-1% se-Bordian liquid.

I-bacteriosis yekhukhamba

Isifo se-bacteria sisasazeka kwiqondo lokushisa eliphakamileyo kunye nomswakama ogqithiseleyo. Kwizityalo ezincinci, iindawo ezinobungozi zibonakala kwaye i-mucus ibonwa. Ngethuba, amaqabunga amile, amaqabunga aphihliweyo kwaye adibanise, kwaye ukukhula kwamahlumela kuyancipha. Isiqhamo sekhukhamba sihlanganiswe ngamacwecwe, silahlekelwa ngumlo kunye nesinkwa. Ukuqonda izifo zamakhukhamba kunye nonyango lwabo, kubalulekile ukuhlala kumzabalazo kunye nokukhusela i-bacteriosis:

1. Kwabo abanomdla wokuphatha iikomkom ezivela kwizifo, kucetyiswa ukuba basebenzise amalungiselelo emichiza, ngoko ke iziphumo ezigqwesileyo zinikezwa ngamafungicides, umzekelo, i-Kuproksat ne-Phytolavin. Ukuba amahlathi achaphazeleka kakhulu, ngoko kuyacetyiswa ukuba basuswe baze batshiswe.
2. Ukukhusela ama-bacteriosis ahlambela amahlathi nge-infusion ye-anyanisi ehlutshiwe. Thatha ibhola yelitha uze uyigcwalise ngokuqinileyo ngamagqabi, uthele amanzi aphekiweyo kwaye unyanzele iintsuku ezimbini. Emva koko, unobunzima uze ukhuphe amanqatha, uze uhlaziye ukumnika ngamanzi kwisilinganiselo se-1: 5. Phalaza ngokuhlwa yonke imihla eyi-10.

Ikhukhamba inokubola - unyango

Esi sifo sabizwa ngokuthi i-ascochitis okanye i-black stalk rot, edlalwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo xa ukhula ukhukhamba kwindawo yokutshisa okanye ukutshisa. Ukufumanisa ukuba zeziphi izifo zamakhukhamba kunye nezo kunyango, kufuneka uhlawule ingqalelo kunye neempawu, ngoko, ukubonakala kwe-rot stem kubonakaliswe ngolu hlobo: amabala amanzi aqala ukuba ngumdaka, emva koko, amhlophe, amachashaza amnyama kuwo onke amahlathi, amaqabunga aphelileyo kunye neziqhamo izilonda kunye nokugqwala zigcinwa okanye zidibene. Kwiimeko ezininzi, i-gray gray ivela entwasahlobo enezinga eliphezulu lokukhanyisa kwaye akukho moya.

Kukho imigaqo emalunga nokunyanga kokubola:

1. Ukunyangwa kwamakhukhamba kwi-greenhouse kwizifo kufuneka kuqhutywe nge-Bordeaux i-1%, i-sulfate yethusi (5 g ngalinye nge-10 litres zamanzi) kunye nokongezwa kwe-urrea (10 g ngalinye nge-10 litres zamanzi).
2. Ukuze ususe isifo seemkhukhamba kwi-stem, gcoba nge-copper-chalk powder, ukuxuba i-chaki kunye ne-sulfate yobhedu ngokulinganayo.

Izifo zamakhukhamba - i-spider mite

Enye yezona zinambuzane eziqhelekileyo ezenzekayo xa zikhula imifuno, zombini kwindawo evulekileyo kunye nakwi-greenhouse. I-spider mite ihlala phantsi kweqabunga kwaye idla kwijusi yesityalo. Emva kwexeshana ungabona amabala kunye namacwebhu. Ngokukhawuleza uhlambulule izifo kunye neentlobo zeemkhukhamba ezinokuthi, ukuba uyibona ingxaki kwinqanaba lokuqala, rhoqo uhlolisise amahlathi. Kukho iindlela ezininzi zokulawula inkathazo:

1. Ungasebenzisa izilwanyana "Flumeit" okanye "Envidor". Ama-arhente anika ukukhusela okude kwaye anganyangekiyo. Nciphisa i-sprays kwiintsuku ezingama-3-5 kude kube yinkinga.
2. Phakathi kwendlela yokwenza unyango oluqhelekileyo lonyango lwamagqabantshe kunye nesisombululo sokusambisa isepha. Ungasebenzisa kwakhona i-yarrow, i-celandine kunye ne-dandelion.

Iikhukhamba - ukukhusela izifo

Kukho iingcebiso ezininzi eziya kunceda ukukhusela ukuvela kwezifo ezininzi:

1. Sebenzisa kuphela imbewu esemgangathweni, ekufuneka isetyenziswe, umzekelo, kwisisombululo se-potassium permanganate.
2. Ukuze ungaphuhlisi izifo zekhukhamba kwindawo evulekileyo, umhlaba kuphela ngomgangatho kunye nomhlaba olungiselelwe kakuhle.
3. Qiniseka ukuba ususe kwiibhedi zezityalo kunye nekhula. Kunconywa ukutshisa yonke into ngaphandle kwesiza.
4. Xa utyala imifuno, qiniseka ukuba ugcine ukujikeleza kwezityalo.