Ukhula lwezityalo lukhula njani?

Isityalo se-sesame, okanye, njengoko sisabizwa, i-sesame, yenye yezona zihlandlo ezindala ezaziwa ngabantu. I-Sesame ichazwe kwi-scroll ye-Ebers, equle inkcazo yemithi yamachiza kunye namaqholo. Ngokwenzululwazi, le papyrus ibuyela kwi-16 leminyaka BC. Izakhiwo ezifanelekileyo zembewu yeesame ziye zaphawulwa kwimisebenzi yabo yonyango nguAvicenna omkhulu. Imbewu ye-sesame, eyongezwa kwimveliso yeebhaka, i- halva , i-salads inike ukutya ukutya okukhethekileyo kunye ne-taste, kwaye inceda umzimba. Kwakhona ekuphekeni, ioli yesesame isetyenziswa ngokubanzi ekulungiseleleni inyama, okusanhlamvu kunye nezitya zemifuno. Nangona kuninzi ukuphakama, abambalwa bayazi indlela isityalo esikhula ngayo.

Yintoni ibukeka ngayo isifuba?

I-Sesame - isityalo esinezinga eliphezulu (ukuya kwi-3m) esityalo esinezityalo eziqhambileyo, iintyatyambo ezimhlophe, ezipinki okanye ze-lilac, ezikhulayo ngokukodwa kwizityalo zamagqabi. Inomdla kukuba i-intyatyambo ichitheka kuphela ngosuku olunye, kunye ne-self-pollination yesityalo, kwaye emva koko ukubunjwa kwe-capsule-pod eneembewu ezincinci ezimhlophe, eziphuzi, ezimnyama okanye ezibomvu.

Kuphi ukhula lwesityalo?

I-Sesame isityalo esithandayo ukushisa, esichaphazelekayo kwimimandla yendalo yemvelo kunye neendawo eziphantsi komhlaba. Ukususela kumaxesha amandulo, inkcubeko ikhula ePakistan, eIndiya, eArabia, eNyakatho Afrika. Kamva, ukulima kweesame kwenziwa ngamafama ase-Central Asia, eCaucasus, naseMzantsi-East Asia. E-Rashiya, ukulima ngokutsha kwezityalo kwenziwa kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni eKritnard. Ukucoca kungakhula kwindawo yemozulu yee-moderation, kodwa ochwepheshe bezolimo bayalumkisa ukuba kunengxaki. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba unqwenela, unokuhlakulela ixesha elifanelekileyo kwilizwe lakho. Kodwa gcinani engqondweni ukuba kwinqanaba eliphakathi ubukhulu bezityalo aludluli kuma-60 ukuya kuma-80 cm, kwaye isiqhamo esithwala isiqhamo sesityalo siphantsi.

Indlela yokukhula imbewu yeesame?

Ukuhluma kuqhutyelwa xa iqondo lokushisa lamabala aphezulu yomhlaba lifika +16 ... amazinga angama-+18. Eyona nto ifanelekileyo yokuhluma kweswesame kukushushu kwama-25 ... + 30 degrees. Ukuba iqondo lokushisa lihla ukuya kwi-zero, isihluma sesityalo siyafa, ngoko xa iqhwa liyesongela, izityalo kufuneka zifakwe i-polyethylene. Xa imozulu ipholile, izityalo ziyayeka, kwaye ngokuqalisa kweentsuku ezishisayo, i-sesame ikhula ngokukhawuleza. Umhlaba ongcono kakhulu wokulima isiqhamo ngumhlaba ocebileyo kunye nomlambo olungileyo, inhlabathi enhle kakhulu.

Isakhelo esikhethiweyo sokukhula sesame kufanele silungiselelwe: ukuphelisa bonke ukhula, ukhulule umhlaba uze uhlume. Ukukhulelwa, 25 g ye-potassium chloride kunye ne-nitrate ye-ammonium, i-100 g ye-superphosphate ifakwe kwi-1 m². Ngokukhawuleza ngaphambi kokuba kuhlwayelwe imbewu kufuneka kuthunyelwe kakuhle umhlaba. Iimbewu zityalwe kwi-2 - 3 cm ephakamileyo, ukugcina phakathi kwemigca umgama we-0.5 ukuya kwi-0.7 m. Kwi-1 m², i-0.5 - 1 g ye-inoculum iyadingeka. Xa imbewu yeesame iqalisa ukuhluma, kuyimfuneko yokwenza utyontsho, ukuze umgama phakathi kwamahlumela awukho ngaphantsi kwe-6 cm.

Kwixesha elizayo, ukugcinwa rhoqo kwezityalo kufuneka kwenziwe ngokucwiliswa ngokukhawuleza, ukusila nokukhupha. Xa izityalo zeesame ziqiniswa, ngoko isityalo asisayi kuyika ukunqongophala kokunyameka. Ngenxa yokuba iziqu ezinamandla kunye ne-pubescent enkulu kakhulu ishiya imimoya, ukutshala iimbewu ze-same isetyenziselwa ukukhusela izityalo ezingaphantsi kwembalela, ukutyala isityalo kwiinqanaba eziliqela.

Ukuvuna imbewu yeesame

Ekuqaleni kwekwindla amaqabunga eesmama aqala ukujibilika kwaye awele, kwaye i-capsule ne imbewu iyanqumla kwaye iphendukele emnyama. Lo mqondiso ukuba lixesha lokuvuna. Ukukhupha ii-pods kufuneka zichaneke kakhulu, kuba xa uzichaphazela, ibhokisi ivula kwaye imbewu ikhupha. Ukususela kwi-1 m² ungakuqokelela ukuya kwi-200 g yeembewu zeesame.