Isityalo se-sesame, okanye, njengoko sisabizwa, i-sesame, yenye yezona zihlandlo ezindala ezaziwa ngabantu. I-Sesame ichazwe kwi-scroll ye-Ebers, equle inkcazo yemithi yamachiza kunye namaqholo. Ngokwenzululwazi, le papyrus ibuyela kwi-16 leminyaka BC. Izakhiwo ezifanelekileyo zembewu yeesame ziye zaphawulwa kwimisebenzi yabo yonyango nguAvicenna omkhulu. Imbewu ye-sesame, eyongezwa kwimveliso yeebhaka, i- halva , i-salads inike ukutya ukutya okukhethekileyo kunye ne-taste, kwaye inceda umzimba. Kwakhona ekuphekeni, ioli yesesame isetyenziswa ngokubanzi ekulungiseleleni inyama, okusanhlamvu kunye nezitya zemifuno. Nangona kuninzi ukuphakama, abambalwa bayazi indlela isityalo esikhula ngayo.
Yintoni ibukeka ngayo isifuba?
I-Sesame - isityalo esinezinga eliphezulu (ukuya kwi-3m) esityalo esinezityalo eziqhambileyo, iintyatyambo ezimhlophe, ezipinki okanye ze-lilac, ezikhulayo ngokukodwa kwizityalo zamagqabi. Inomdla kukuba i-intyatyambo ichitheka kuphela ngosuku olunye, kunye ne-self-pollination yesityalo, kwaye emva koko ukubunjwa kwe-capsule-pod eneembewu ezincinci ezimhlophe, eziphuzi, ezimnyama okanye ezibomvu.
Kuphi ukhula lwesityalo?
I-Sesame isityalo esithandayo ukushisa, esichaphazelekayo kwimimandla yendalo yemvelo kunye neendawo eziphantsi komhlaba.
Indlela yokukhula imbewu yeesame?
Ukuhluma kuqhutyelwa xa iqondo lokushisa lamabala aphezulu yomhlaba lifika +16 ... amazinga angama-+18. Eyona nto ifanelekileyo yokuhluma kweswesame kukushushu kwama-25 ... + 30 degrees. Ukuba iqondo lokushisa lihla ukuya kwi-zero, isihluma sesityalo siyafa, ngoko xa iqhwa liyesongela, izityalo kufuneka zifakwe i-polyethylene. Xa imozulu ipholile, izityalo ziyayeka, kwaye ngokuqalisa kweentsuku ezishisayo, i-sesame ikhula ngokukhawuleza. Umhlaba ongcono kakhulu wokulima isiqhamo ngumhlaba ocebileyo kunye nomlambo olungileyo, inhlabathi enhle kakhulu.
Isakhelo esikhethiweyo sokukhula sesame kufanele silungiselelwe: ukuphelisa bonke ukhula, ukhulule umhlaba uze uhlume. Ukukhulelwa, 25 g ye-potassium chloride kunye ne-nitrate ye-ammonium, i-100 g ye-superphosphate ifakwe kwi-1 m². Ngokukhawuleza ngaphambi kokuba kuhlwayelwe imbewu kufuneka kuthunyelwe kakuhle umhlaba. Iimbewu zityalwe kwi-2 - 3 cm ephakamileyo, ukugcina phakathi kwemigca umgama we-0.5 ukuya kwi-0.7 m. Kwi-1 m², i-0.5 - 1 g ye-inoculum iyadingeka. Xa imbewu yeesame iqalisa ukuhluma, kuyimfuneko yokwenza utyontsho, ukuze umgama phakathi kwamahlumela awukho ngaphantsi kwe-6 cm.
Kwixesha elizayo, ukugcinwa rhoqo kwezityalo kufuneka kwenziwe ngokucwiliswa ngokukhawuleza, ukusila nokukhupha. Xa izityalo zeesame ziqiniswa, ngoko isityalo asisayi kuyika ukunqongophala kokunyameka.
Ukuvuna imbewu yeesame
Ekuqaleni kwekwindla amaqabunga eesmama aqala ukujibilika kwaye awele, kwaye i-capsule ne imbewu iyanqumla kwaye iphendukele emnyama. Lo mqondiso ukuba lixesha lokuvuna. Ukukhupha ii-pods kufuneka zichaneke kakhulu, kuba xa uzichaphazela, ibhokisi ivula kwaye imbewu ikhupha. Ukususela kwi-1 m² ungakuqokelela ukuya kwi-200 g yeembewu zeesame.