Ukukhula kweepilisi ehluma ekhaya - iimfihlelo zokulungiselela imbewu kunye nokulungiselela imbewu

Ukulima umtsalane weepeyinti ekhaya kufuneka kuqalise ebusika, ukwenzela ukuba ngexesha lokufika liye lomelela kwaye lifikelele kwiminyaka eyi-80 ukuya kwi-100. Kwihostela ukwenza lo msebenzi akulula, kodwa kuyinto engqiqweni ukuba ngexesha kwaye ufunde ngokucophelela zonke iinkcukacha zokunyamekela esi sityalo esisezantsi.

Ukukhula kwembewu

Iindidi ezivuthayo kunye ne- sweet pepper zikwahluke kwixesha elide lohlaza, ngoko kunzima kakhulu ukufumana isityalo esihle kwisityalo esisisigxina esicacileyo. Iququzelela umsebenzi wokugqithisa ukuba izityalo zeso siqhelo aziqhelanga kwaye zibekezeleke iimeko kwifestile. Ukuba usombulule ingxaki yendlela yokukhulisa izilwanyana ezinobuncwane bepilisi ekhaya, ukuza ngokukhawuleza, ukulungiselela ngokufanelekileyo imbewu kunye nomhlaba, ukubonelela ngeentsholongwane ngokukhanyisa kakuhle, nokuba kwindlu elula yedolophu, unokufumana iziphumo ezintle.

Yintoni ekufuneka uyiqwalasele xa ukhetha iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zepilisi:

1. Iimbiza zithengwa ngaphezu kweentlobo, kodwa zinezivuno eziphezulu kunye nabancinci abagulayo.
2. Ukunyuka kwembewu yepilisi ekhaya ukusuka kwimbewu yabo, ukuvuna kwi-hybri, ayikhuthazwa. Imiqondiso yabazali kule meko ayidlulanga, echaphazela isivuno.
3. Kucetyiswa ukutyala iintlobo ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo wokuvuthwa ukuze ube neziqhamo ezihlwaya kwixesha elifudumeleyo.
4. Kufuneka ukhunjulwe ukuba kwimozulu ebanda (iSiberia, ii-Urals) iintlobo ezidlulileyo eziqhelekileyo zivuthiwe kuphela phambi kobushushu.
5. Ukukhula kwepilisi yokuqala kwimihla eyi-80-100, kwiintlobo eziphakathi-ukuya kwiintsuku ezili-130, iintlobo ezilindelekileyo-iintsuku eziyi-135-140 kunye nokunye.
6. Ubume bentsholongwane buyingcipheko, i-conical, cuboidal, oval.
7. Ubukhulu besiqhamo buvela ku-5 cm ("Kolobok") ukuya kwi-25 cm ("Banana Banana") kunye nokunye.
8. Umbala we ziqhamo.
9. Iimeko ezikhulayo - kukho amabakala akhethekileyo okwindawo yokuthambisa kunye negadi yekhitshi.
10. Ukuphakama kweentsika kuvela kwi-30 cm ukuya kwi-170 cm.

Ukulungiselela imbewu yepilisi yokutshala kwiimbande

Ukulima ngokuphumelelayo kwembewu yepilisi ekhaya kuyafumaneka kuphela ngokufumaneka kweempawu kunye nembewu elungiselelwe kakuhle. Imbewu kufuneka ibe yintsha. Ukuhluma okuqhelekileyo kunembewu eneminyaka engama-1-2 ubudala, emva kweminyaka emithathu ukuhluma kungawa ngama-50%. Ukuba kukho imbali endala, isheke kufuneka senziwe kwangaphambili, ixesha lokukhangela lepilisi lingahluka ukusuka kwiintsuku ezingama-5 ukuya kwiintsuku ezingama-30 kunye nangaphezulu phantsi kweemeko ezifanayo.

Ukunyanga kwembewu yepilisi ngaphambi kokutshala kwiimbande kuthatha i-disinfection kwisisombululo se-2% se-manganese imizuzu engama-20 okanye i-hydrogen peroxide 10%, uze uwahluthe ngamanzi. Abanye abalandeli baqhuba ukubhobhoza emanzini kunye ne-compressor, ezalisa i-oksijini. Ngokweengcali, le ndlela ikhulisa ukuhluma kwembewu ekhaya kwaye ikhawuleza ukuhluma. Ubude balo msebenzi lufikelela kwiiyure ezingama-5. Kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba izinto zokutyala ngesimo se-dragee okanye i-capsules azikwazi ukugxinwa.

Ngendlela efanelekileyo ukucwina imbewu yepepper kwihluma?

Kulo mbuzo, nini ukucwina imbewu yepilisi kwizityalo, abathandi bathandelwa yimpawu ezihlukahlukeneyo zezityalo. Kuyinto enqwenelekayo ukuvelisa le nkqubo ukususela phakathi kukaFebhuwari ukuya kuMatshi 5, ukwenzela ukuba ngelixa izityalo zihanjiswe kumhlaba ovulekileyo, ziya kufumana izithombo ngefomati enye. Ukusebenzisa abaphuhlisi bokukhula , soloko ulandela imiyalelo echaza ukuxinwa kwesisombululo kunye nobude bokukhupha imbewu.

Indlela yokucwina imbewu yepilisi xa ukhula ekhaya:

1. Ukufudumala kwi-stimulator " Epin " okanye " iZircon ", njengenye indlela, ungathatha i-potassium humate, "Albit", "Ideal" okanye esinye isiyobisi.
2. Emva koko, i-inoculum ifakwe kwi-gauze emanzi okanye uboya bekotoni iintsuku ezi-2, zifaka kwi-polyethylene.
3. Ukugqitywa ngokupheleleyo ngembewu yamanzi ayinqatshelwe, ukwenzela ukuba uphuculo oluphezulu lwe-oxygen luyimfuneko.
4. Iimeko ezifanelekileyo zokuhluma kwepilisi zisebushushu malunga ne-22-24 ° C.

Indlela yokuhlwayela ipepper elimnandi kwiimbewu?

Ukukhetha ngokugqithiseleyo kugxininisa uphuhliso lwezityalo ukuya kwiiveki ezimbini, imigaqo yokutshala i-pepper kwiimbewu iquka ukuhluma kwiipilisi okanye i-tray elandelelanayo, ilandelwe ngokudluliselwa kwiikomityi ngokubonakala kwamaphepha ama-2. Umthamo ophezulu webhodyi i-1 litre okanye ii-2 ilitha, kodwa oku kuyenzeka kwi-greenhouse enkulu okanye isebenze nenani elincinane lembewu. Xa ukhulisa imbewu yepilisi ekhaya, kufuneka unciphise iikomityi ukuya kwi-100 ml - 200 ml okanye ubude bentonga ye-15 cm.

Nini ukutshala ipepper kwiimbewu?

Ukulindela imihla ekulindelekileyo yokutshala iipilisi zezityalo, siyaqwalasela iimpawu zeenkcubeko kunye nesimo sezulu kwindawo yethu. Iintlobo zokuvuthwa kwasekuqaleni zihlwayelwe iintsuku ezingama-60 ukuya kwi-65 ngaphambi kokutyala, izityalo zokuvuna ziphakathi kweentsuku ezingama-70. Iipilisi eziluhlaza zifuna ixesha elide lokukhula, ngoko le mijelo kunye nemifuno ihlwayelwe iintsuku ezingama-75 ukuya kwe-80 ngaphambi kokuhlaliswa okucetywayo kumyezo. Imilinganiselo efanelekileyo kwigumbi leemeko zengingqi ezininzi - ukususela ngomhla we-20 kaFebruwari ukuya phakathi koMatshi.

Umhlaba weepeyinti

Umhlaba unqweneleka ukulungiselela ukukhululeka, kodwa okunomsoco, ukwenzela ukuba ubambe umswakama kakuhle. Kwiivenkile ezizodwa, iimbonti ezilungiselelwe zithengiswa, apho kucetyiswa ukuba zongeze isanti kwinxalenye ye-1: 6 ukwenzela ukuba i-composition iphefumule. Ukulima kwembewu yepilisi ekhwalithi ekhaya kungenziwa kwintsimi yayo, ilungiselelwe kwizinto ezikhoyo.

Ukulungiswa komhlaba wekhaya ukulungiselela imbewu yepilisi:

1. Kubalulekile ukuthatha iincandelo ezi-2 zomgquba obolileyo.
2. Songeza iingubo ezi-2 zepeat kwisitya.
3. Ukwenza ukulungiswa komsebenzi, kongeza 1 inxalenye yesanti ehlambulukileyo yomlambo.
4. Sixuba umhlaba.
5. Sieve i-substrate nge sieve.
6. Emva koko unokutshisa i-oven okanye i-steamed kwi-boiler ephindwe kabini ukuyikhubaza i-infathogens kwaye uyichitha imbewu yokhula.

Ngaba bunzulu bunjani ukuba ndibeke ipepper kwiimbewu?

Ukuba isitya sikhethwe ngomsebenzi, ke umhlaba ulala ekhaya nge-2 cm ngaphantsi kwemida. Imbewu ihlulwa emva kwe-2 cm, ukwenzela ukuba ihlumela elizayo lingabi mthunzi. Ubunzulu bokutyala imbewu yeepilisi kwizityalo zifikelela kwi-1.5 cm, emva koko umhlaba kufuneka utyinwe ngezandla. Emva koko, faka isitya kwindawo efudumeleyo, ugcine ukushisa malunga ne-25-30 ° C. Sibeka iliso kummandla wobumanzi kwaye sivelisa ukutshiza rhoqo umhlaba, singavumeli ukuba some.

Ukutshala ipepper kwiipilisi zeepatta zee-seedlings

Ukutsalwa kweepilisi kwenziwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

1. Ukusebenza, kufuneka uthenge inani elifunekayo lamathebhulethi ngobubanzi be-4 cm. Kufuneka kufakwe kwisitya kunye nokuthunyelwa kwamanzi abilayo, silindele ukuvuvukala okupheleleyo kwe-substrate.
2. Siphululela umswakama obuninzi, senze imingxuma phezulu kwiphilisi ukuya kwi-1.5 cm enzulu kwaye ubeke imbewu elungiselelwe.
3. Ngoku ufafaze izinto zokutyala ngomhlaba, gubungela i-tray ngefilimu uze uyibeke kwindawo efudumeleyo.
4. Ukhula lweepilisi kwiiphilisi ze peat zikhula kangcono kwiqondo lokushisa lama-25 ° C. Emva kokuvela kwamachule okuqala, isitya kufuneka senzeke ngokukhawuleza kwi-sill efudumeleyo, kwaye i-polyethylene isuswe.
5. Emva kokuba imbewu ye-3-4 ibonakale kwiimbewu, kwaye i-rootlets ziqala ukuphuma emhlabathini, zidluliselwa kwiikomityi ezahlukileyo ezizaliswe nge-nutrient substrate. Xa ukufakelwa kwezityalo kungagqitywanga ngokupheleleyo kwipilisi, kodwa umnatha kuwo unqweneleka ukususa, ukuze kungathinteli nophuhliso.

Ukukhula kwembewu yepilisi kwi-cochlea

Kwiindawo zokuhlala ezincinci akusoloko kunokwenzeka ukufumana indawo efanelekileyo yokufakela ibhokisi kunye neenkompo ezininzi ezinezityalo. Ukuze ugcine indawo, abacebisi baqulunqa iindlela ezintsha zokutyala izityalo kunye nezityalo zezolimo, ngokusoloko befumana iziphumo ezibalaseleyo. Ukukhula kweepilisi kwindlu kwikhonkco yindlela entsha, kodwa kulula ukuphumeza kwaye ngokukhawuleza ukufumana ukuthandwa.

Indlela yokutshala iipilisi kwizityalo kwiinkonkqo:

1. Ukusebenza kubalulekile ukulungiselela isitya encinci seplastiki yomthamo ofunekayo, isiqwenga se-substrate ye-laminate kunye nobubanzi ukusuka kumqulu wendlu yangasese ukuya kwi-1.5 m ubude, iiplanga zeerubha, ipakethe ye-polyethylene, i-ipiliti ye-polyethylene, ilungiselelwe imbewu kunye nomhlaba.
2. Sibeka iteksi kwi-substrate etafileni.
3. Okuphezulu kunye nobuncwane obuncityiweyo bomhlaba omanzi kwaye unqamle.
4. Ukushiya umgca we-tape ukuya kwi-2 cm, ubeke imbewu evunyiweyo nge-1-2 cm, uvale ngokulula ngeminwe yabo emhlabathini.
5. Kwinkqubo yomsebenzi siqala ukuphazamisa i-cochlea, ngokuthe gqolo sinyuka phambili kule tape.
6. Ukugqithisa "umqulu" wesiganeko esifanelekileyo, siwuqine ngebhanki e-elastic ukulungisa umlo.
7. Sifaka i-cochlea kwi-butt kunye nembewu ukuya phezulu kwaye ifihla iikhoyili kunye nomhlaba, ukulinganisa uluhlu oluphezulu.
8. Sithumela umnqweno kwi-tray eplastiki.
9. Hlonipha umhlaba kwi-spray.
10. Sigubungela inkonkqo ngepakethe, ukudala i-greenhouse encinci, ukuqinisa umqulu kunye ne-band elastic.
11. Ngoku kusela okulandelayo, siwathululela amanzi ngaphandle komhlaba, kodwa ngaphakathi kwipeni.
12. Sibeka inkohlakalo ibe yitshisa.
13. Xa kuvela amahlumela, iphakheji iyacinywa.

Zingaphi iipilisi ezenza izithombo?

Xa ukhulile kwifestile yepilisi, ihluma ivele ivele ingabonakali ekhaya. Le ngxaki isoloko ivela xa isebenzisana nezinto zokulima ezomileyo. Impendulo yombuzo wokuba i-pepper ikhula kangakanani kwiimbewu ezixhomekeke kumgangatho wokugaya nokuhluma. Ukungabikho kwi-stimulator kunye neentsholongwane ezingahlwanga zingakhula iintsuku ezingama-20 ukuya kwe-30. Ukuba ufuna ukukhawuleza inkqubo kwaye ufumane izithombo iintsuku ezi-7 ukuya ku-15, nto ibaluleke kakhulu kwixesha lokutshala emva kwexesha, awukwazi ukuliyeka ukuthungca.

Unokunyamekela njani imbewu yepilisi?

Ukunyamekela okuphambili kwimihluma yepilisi kusetshenzwa rhoqo kwaye kugcinwe ukushisa okuphezulu kwe-26-28 ° C. Kwi-30-35 ° C izityalo zoluliwe ngokukhawuleza, umngcipheko wokubambisana nezifo zefungal ukwanda. Sisusa ifilimu emva kokutshitshisa amahlumela. Ukukhanya okubonakalayo kwepilisi kwiinyanga zasebusika kukufuneka, usuku olukhanyisayo lokukhula kwesi siqhelo - iiyure eziyi-12-14. Kwiimozulu zezulu, izenzi-mfanekiso ezibonakalayo ezibonakalayo zenziwe zikunceda ukuphucula imeko.

Ukunisela imbewu yeepilisi

Bonke abatsha baxhala malunga neengxaki zingaphi ukuhambisa amanzi asepilini. Ukubunjwa kobunzima obumile obuphezulu bomhlaba akuyona into eyingozi ngaphezu kokungena kwamanzi amaninzi. I-Caviar okanye isitya sokunisela kufuneka senziwe rhoqo, kodwa ngaphandle komhlaba onzima. Amanzi amaninzi ngexesha lokulinywa kubangela " umlenze omnyama " kunye nezinye iingxaki. Iyanciphisa umngcipheko wezifo esebenzisa isigcawu ngokubunjwa okukhanyayo kunye nokulungiswa kwemigodi yokuhambisa amanzi.

Ungakhetha njani ipepper kwizithombo?

Ukuba le pepper ikhulile kwisikhundla esikhulu esikhulu, ngoko kufuneka i-pike. Le nkqubo iqhutyelwa kwisigaba samaqabunga ama-2, ngaphambi kokumisa umhlaba. Ukutshintshela izityalo ukuze zihlukaniswe nabakhiweyo ngokuvakalayo kwi-150-200 ml. Into ephambili kulo mbandela yindlela yokuthabatha imbewu yepilisi ekhaya - ungalonakalisi izimpande zendoda kwaye uthwale izityalo ngokucokisekileyo kunye ne-clod encinane yomhlaba. Intamo yentamo ingcwatyelwe i-0.5 cm. Emva kokucoca, iiphothi zixutywa kwaye zifakwe emthunzini iintsuku ezimbalwa zokuqala, emva koko zihanjiswe kwi-windows window.

Indlela yokutya imbewu yeepilisi?

Xa ukhula ekhaya ngeenyanga ezimbini, kancane kancane umhlaba uphelile, okhokelela ekukhuseleni ukukhula. Kwiiveki ezimbini emva kokukhethwa, unokuhlaziya i-teaspoon yesiqingatha se-urea kunye ne-2.5 ml ye-sodium humate kwi-1 litre yamanzi. Ukuchumisa kwakhona kufaka iintsuku ezili-10 emva kokuvela kweqabunga le-5. Yenziwe nge-urea (i-0.5 tsp / 1 litre yamanzi) nge potassium monophosphate (1 tsp / 1 ilitha yamanzi). Izichumiso ezenziwe ngokucwangcisa izityalo ze-paddy ziyakuthengwa ngokulula kwiivenkile. I-Ideal, i-Aquadon Micro, i-Orton Micro-Fe okanye iilungiselelo ezinzima ezifanayo.