Izixhobo zokubeletha ngomlomo zanamhlanje azichaphazeli umsebenzi we-hormonal womfazi. Banobuchule obuphezulu, ukukhusela ukukhulelwa okungafunekiyo. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukukhetha isigqibo esifanelekileyo sokufumana umphumo wesicelo.
Usebenza njani ngokukhulelwa komlomo?
Oogqirha bexesha elide bafunda isiphumo sokukhulelwa komlomo kwindlela yokuzala kunye nomzimba wesetyhini ngokupheleleyo. Ukuphuculwa kobunjwa kunye nokuqulunqwa kwezi yobisi kuvumelekile ukunciphisa imiphumo emibi kunye neengxaki. Sonke siyabonga kwizenzo ezahlukeneyo zamacwecwe amacwecwe, esekelwe kwiimpawu ezihambelanayo ze-hormone zesini.
Iimvavanyo zokukhulelwa zomlomo zanamhlanje zidibeneyo, ezithathwa ngokungqongqo kwimizi ephakanyisiweyo kunye nexesha, ithintela inkqubo yokuzala kanje:
- Iinkqubo ze-ovulatory ziyavalwa. Amahomoni angena kwi pilisi yokukhusela ikhusela ukukhula okuqhelekileyo kunye nokuvuthwa kweqanda, okukuvimbela ukungena kwisisu esiswini sokufumba.
- Ukudibanisa kwe-mucus yomlomo wesibeleko. I-mucus eveliswe kwinqanawa yomlomo wesibeleko iguqula ukuhambelana kwayo, ngenxa yokuba ithuba lokungena kwesidoda kwisisu luyancitshiswa.
- Nciphisa ukukhula kweethambo ze-endometri. Ngenxa yolu tshintsho, nangona iqanda lixiliswa, ukufakelwa kwendawo kungenakwenzeka.
Ukukhulelwa komlomo - inzuzo kunye neengxaki
Uninzi lwezilwanyana zezilwanyana zibhekise kakubi malunga nokusetyenziswa kwexesha elide kweziyobisi ze-hormonal. Ukulimala komlomo wokukhulelwa komlomo kukuphulwa komsebenzi wesiqhelo kwinkqubo ye-endocrine. Ngenxa yoko, ezi ziphumo zilandelayo:
- ukwakheka kwezicuba;
- umdlavuza webele;
- thrombosis;
- ngxinzelelo lwegazi;
- iingxaki zomjikelezo wesisu ;
- utshintshe kwimvelo, ixesha lokuya esikhathini.
Ukuba ukukhulelwa komlomo kusetyenziswa ngokuchanekileyo (kufana nomgqirha, umyinge, ikhefu zigcinwa), ngoko umonakalo wempembelelo engalunganga iyancitshiswa. Ngokuphambene noko, ukusetyenziswa kwezi zidakamizwa ze-hormonal kunceda ukulungelelanisa umsebenzi we-hormonal system. Phakathi kweengongoma ezintle zokwamkelwa okwangoku kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele:
- Ukunciphisa intlungu ngexesha lokuya esikhathini;
- ukunciphisa ubude kunye nokunyuka kokuya esikhathini;
- ukujongwa komjikelezo wesini;
- ukukhusela kunye unyango lwezifo zesifo somzimba ( endometriosis , adenomyosis);
- ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokukhulelwa kwe-ectopic.
Ukukhulelwa komlomo - iintlobo
Nayiphi na inkqubo yokukhulelwa komlomo kwabasetyhini kufuneka kukhethwe kunye nemeko yempawu nganye. Ingxenye yale nto ibangelwa iintlobo zamachiza ezikhusela ukuqala kokukhulelwa. Inkqubo yesenzo sabo iyafana, kodwa ukubunjwa kunye nefomu yokukhululwa zihlukile. Isiphumo sokukhulelwa sisoloko senziwa yinkampani yeprogestogen. I-estrogens ekhoyo kubunjwa isetyenziselwa ukugcina ukusebenza ngokuqhelekileyo kwenkqubo yokuzala. I-OK ekhoyo ihlukaniswe ngo:
- zidibene;
- gestagenic.
Ukudibanisa imithi yomlomo
Igama lokuqhawula isisombululo (i-COC) ehlangeneyo lufunyenwe ngenxa yobunjwa. Zisoloko zinezinto ezifanayo zesimo se-hormone zesini - i-ethinyl estradiol (estrogen) kunye neprogesterone (gestagen). Ngokuxhomekeke ekubunjweni kwamacwecwe, bahluke:
- i-monophasic - inqanaba lamahomoni kwiipilisi iyafana kwipakethe;
- Isigaba-ezimbini - i-blister iqukethe iipilisi ezinokudibanisa ezimbini ezahlukeneyo zamahomoni;
- izigaba ezintathu-ezintathu zokudibanisa izinto ze-hormone kwilungiselelo elilodwa.
Ukongeza, bahlula i-contraceptive kunye kunye nomxholo wesigaba se-estrogen:
- i-dose ephakamileyo - kunye nomxholo omkhulu we-estrogens (i-Ovidon, engekho i-Ovlon);
- i-dose ephantsi - umxholo we-estrogens awugqithisi 30-35 μg kwithebhulethi e-1 (i-Femoden, i-Marvelon, i-Regulon, i-Janine);
- ezincinci - ukuya kwi-15-20 mcg (iMersilon, Novinet, Ingena).
Zokukhulelwa kwe-Gestagenic
Ukukhulelwa komlomo kwolu hlobo kunomsebenzi wokwenziwa kweprogestogen kuphela. Iziyobisi zeli qela zimiselwe kubasetyhini ngexesha lokutya, kunye nabasetyhini abachasene nokusetyenziswa kwezicwangciso zokukhulelwa ezihlangeneyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, iziyobisi zeprolactic, ezisekelwe kwii-gestagens, zisetyenzisiwe ekupheleni kwexesha lokuzalana kwabafazi abazalayo kunye ne-nulliparas (emva kweminyaka engama-35). Phakathi kwezidakamizwa eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziswa kweli qela zinokuqatshelwa:
- Lactineth;
- Charozette;
- Ngaphandle;
- I microlut.
Zokukhulelwa komzimba
Kwezinye iimeko, amanyathelo okukhusela abantwana kufuneka athathwe emva kwesondo. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, amantombazana asebenzisa i-postcoital contraceptive (ukukhulelwa kwexesha elingxamisekileyo). Faka isicelo seepilisi zokukhusela emva kwesenzo ngokukhawuleza okanye emva kweeyure ezingama-72 emva kokuthintana. Ngokunyuka kwexesha, ukuphumelela kweengxowa-mali ze-postcoital kuncitshiswe kakhulu.
Umphumo wezokhuseleko zezokhuseleko ezixakekileyo zisekelwe kwintsebenzo yokwandiswa kwemveliso yesisu, umphumo kwi-myometrium. Ngenxa yezi nkqubo kukho ukulahlwa kocwangciso olusebenzayo, njengokuba ngexesha lokuya esikhathini, kwaye umfazi ulungisa unyaka oqhelekileyo. Ngexesha elifanayo, isisu kunye neqanda, utyalwa ngexesha lokwabelana ngesondo, ushiye isisu. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba iipilisi zokulawulwa kokuzalwa kokuzalwa komzimba, amagama adweliswe apha ngezantsi, kubangele ukungasebenzi kwimigaqo yokuzala, ngoko kusetyenziswa xa kudingekile. Phakathi kweziyobisi zeli qela:
- Escapel;
- Umfazi;
- Postinor.
Indlela yokukhetha ukukhulelwa komlomo?
Ukufumana ukuba iziphi iipilisi zokukhusela zingcono ukuthatha, ibhinqa kufuneka iphendule kwi-gynecologist. Emva kokuvavanya nokuhlalutya, ugqirha ukhetha izilwanyana ngokwazo, ngokuqwalasela ubudala kunye nemeko yomzimba wesigulane. I-algorithm yonke yokukhetha isisu kufuneka ibukeke njengale:
- ukubonisana nomdlavuza wezilwanyana;
- ukuhanjiswa kwe-smear ye- oncocytology ;
- yokubonisana nomama wezilwanyana;
- i-biochemistry yegazi (i-AST, i-ALT, iprofayili yeprofayili, iswekile);
- i-ultrasound kwiintsuku ezingama-5-7 zomjikelezo.
Ukulinganiswa kwemithi yokukhulelwa komlomo
Ngokutsho koogqirha, iipilisi eziphambili zokukhusela zizo ezo zinto ezifanelekileyo kumfazi kwaye azibangeli iziphumo ezibi. Yonke into ingqongqo, ngoko ungathembeli kwimeko yokusebenzisa iindlela ezifanayo zomhlobo, umhlobo. Ukusetyenziswa kwemithi yokukhulelwa komlomo kwingxelo okanye iingcebiso zabanye abafazi kunokuchaphazela impilo.
Ngenxa yeli qiniso, ukuthetha ngezilwanyana ezinokuthintela izicwangciso ezingenasiphelo. Nangona kunjalo, sinokuthiwa ukusetyenziswa okusebenzayo kokukhulelwa komlomo ngabasetyhini, uludwe lwaso lubonakala kanje:
- Regulon ;
- Marvelon;
- Yarina;
- UDiane-35;
- Lactineth;
- Novinet;
- I-Regol emithathu;
- Jess.
Ukusetyenziswa kwezibeleko zomlomo
Ukufunyanwa kwemithi yokukhulelwa komlomo kwenziwa ngocwangciso oluboniswe kumyalelo, ngokuqwalasela iziphakamiso ezikhutshwe yi-gynecologist. Nasiphi na izikhalazo ezivela ngexesha lokusetyenziswa kufuneka zixoxwe kunye neengcali.
Ukufezekisa umphumo wokusebenzisa i-contraceptive, kuyimfuneko ukuthobela imiqathango yamanani:
- Iibhulethi zithathwa imihla ngemihla, malunga nexesha elifanayo (ngokukhethekileyo ebusuku).
- Ukuxhatshazwa kolawulo, ukunqumla ukuwamkelwa akuvumelekile.
- Ukungabikho kokuphendula kwimihla-njengokufana nokufuna ukuqhubeka kweyeza kunye neengcebiso zeengcali (ukukhulelwa kufuneka kungabandakanywa).
- Ukubonakala kweempembelelo ezimbi (ukunyuka kwengcinezelo yegazi, intloko, intlungu yesifuba, ukukhubazeka okubonakalayo, i-jaundice, ukuphefumula ubunzima) kubonisa ukukhutshwa kweziyobisi kunye nokukhethwa kolunye uhlobo lokukhusela.
Indlela yokusela iipilisi zokulawula ukuzalwa?
Ngaphambi kokuba uthathe i-contraceptive ngomlomo, umfazi kufuneka afunde ngokucophelela imiyalelo kwisiza. Ukuba le ntombi ayizange isebenzise izithintelo zokukhulelwa komlomo ngaphambi koku, oko kwamkela ukuqala ngosuku lokuqala lomjikelezo (lunokuba ngowama-5, kodwa kufuneka usebenzise ikhondom). Ukuthabatha amacwecwe kuqhutyelwa ngokwecandelo elithile, ukuphulwa okuchaphazela ukuphumelela. Izixhobo zokukhulelwa komlomo zanamhlanje zithatha isiqendu 21-7-21 (iintsuku ezingama-21 zokumkelwa, iintsuku ezingama-7 zokuphazamiseka kunye nekhosi entsha).
Ukumangalisa ukufumana ngaphambi kokuphela kwekhosi kungavunyelwe. Ukuba ithebhulethi elandelayo ayithathi ngexesha, landela le mithetho elandelayo:
- Ukuba amaxesha angaphantsi kwama-12 aphelile, thabatha iphilisi ephosakeleyo kwaye uqhubeke nokuthatha isimiso.
- Kuthatha iiyure ezingaphezu kwe-12 - bathabatha kwaye baqhube ikhosi, babambelela kwisikimu esidala kwaye bakhuselwe ikhondom phakathi kweveki.
Ukucinywa kwezinto zokukhulelwa komlomo
Ukucinywa kweepilisi zokukhusela kunokwenzeka ekupheleni kwekhosi. Xa ithebhulethi yokugqibela evela kwiphakethi yamukelwa, entsha iyaqalwa. Emva kokukhansela ngaphakathi kweentsuku ezingama-1-2 ziqale ngenyanga. Umlingwa wabo unokutshintsha okufutshane (ukukhahlela, ukugubungela). Ukugqiba ukubuyiswa kwevolumu kunye nobude bexesheni kwenzeka kwiintshukumo eziyi-2-3. Ngaphandle koko, kuthethwa ukubonisana neengcali.