Ngokwezibalo, umhlaza womqala, iimpawu zazo ezifihlakeleyo, khawunti malunga ne-70% yeziganeko zezicubu zelungu. Iqela lomngcipheko lenziwe ngamadoda - kwizigulane ze-oncology, i-oncology ifunyenwe rhoqo. Inani labantu abaphilweyo kunye neyeza elifike ngexesha li-60%.
Umhlaza wesifo - ubangela
Umhlaza womqala uhamba kunye nesilonda se-membrane ye-larynx ne-pharynx. Kwiimeko ezininzi, emva kokubunjwa, i-foci iqala ukusasaza kwiisuncu kunye namalungu angumakhelwane. Izizathu zokuphuhliswa kwezilwanyana zininzi, ngoko kunzima ukuba oogqirha baqulunqe into ethile yokuchukumisa. Phakathi kwezizathu ezinokwenzeka zokuchaza into enokumdlavuza emqaleni, oogqirha banokuthi:
- basebenze kwimveliso enobungozi kunye nokuvuthwa kwemiphunga emibi (ukuveliswa kwevarnishes kunye nopende, iikhemikhali);
- ukuphulwa kococeko lomlomo;
- ukutshaya;
- ukuzalwa;
- izicubu zentloko, intamo;
- ukugqithiswa kwemisebe yomeleleko, ukugula kwemitha ;
- Ukutya okungaphezulu komnyu kunye nokubhema ekudleni, ukungabikho kwemifuno kunye neziqhamo.
Ubunokwenzeka bokuphuhliswa kwezilwanyana kubangela ukuba kukho izifo ezilandelayo:
- iinkqubo ezingapheliyo zokuvuvukala kwendlela yokuphefumula ( pharyngitis , laryngitis, sinusitis);
- maqhekeza;
- i-fibromas;
- ukulimala kwentamo;
- papillomatosis .
Umhlaza wesibeletho usuphi umdala?
Inqabile kakhulu, isifo sibhaliswe kwizigulane eziselula. Xa ukuxilongwa komhlaza womqala, ubudala bezigulane zidla ngokudlula iminyaka engama-60. Ngokwezibalo, le ntlupheko ichaphazeleka kakhulu ngabantu - isondo esomeleleyo sisoloko sibonisa ukuba yi-nicotine kunye neminye imikhwa emibi echaphazela impilo. Phantse zonke izigulane ezineentsholongwane ezifanayo zokutshaya okanye zingaphantsi kwexesha elide.
Iintlobo zeNtsholongwane
Kwiimeko ezininzi, i-tumor ye-throat yendalo embi ihlobene ne-squamous cell carcinoma kwimvelaphi yayo. Ngokweziganeko ze-oncologists, ama-95% amacala akhona kule ndlela yokugula. Ngokuxhomekeka kwiimpawu zengqondo zesakhiwo se-tumor, zahlula:
- neorogovevayuschy;
- keratinizing;
- umhlaza ohluke kakhulu.
Uhlobo lo kuqala lubonakaliswe ngokuphuhliswa ngokukhawuleza kunye nokwakhiwa kwenani elikhulu leemetastases. I-tumor ikhula kakuhle kwiimveliso ezijikelezileyo. Iyenzeka ngokuphindaphindiweyo kunabanye kwaye ikhona kwindawo ephezulu ye-larynx. Umdlavuza womlomo ongekho-coronerous, isithombe esinikwe apha ngezantsi ngenxa yokukhula okukhulayo kukhokelela ekunciphiseni i-larynx, okubangelwa ukuphefumula nokuphefumula.
Umhlaza onomdla emqaleni, iimpawu zazo zibizwa ngezantsi, zineenkqubela ezicothayo kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo aziyiyo i-metastases kwezinye izitho. Indawo eyintandokazi yokuphuhliswa kwe-tumor yintambo yezwi. Ngendlela ehluke kakhulu, ukubandakanyeka ngokukhawuleza kwezicubu ezinempilo kwenkqubo yokugula. Umdlavuza onjalo womqala, iimpawu zazo zidweliswe ngezantsi, kunzima ukunyanga.
Umhlaza wesifo - zonke iimpawu
Izibonakaliso zomhlaza wesibeletho, ixesha lokubonakala kwazo, ubunzima beempawu zibangelwa ukuhlaziywa kwemfundo yengqondo. Ngaloo ndlela, ngokutshatyalaliswa kwamacandelo aphezulu phakathi kweempawu zokuqala, izigulane ziyabona iintlungu xa ziginya, zintlungu ezinde emqaleni. Njengomqondiso owongezelelweyo, oogqirha bathi intlungu kumama kunye nokulahleka kwabo.
Xa i-tumor ivela kwiindawo ezingezantsi, ngesilonda se-larynx, izigulane zibona utshintsho oluzenzekelayo ngelizwi. Xa ilizwi levali livaliwe, isiguli asikwazi ukuthetha nhlobo. Kwiimeko ezinzima, ekungabikho unyango olufanelekileyo, ubunzima bokuphefumula, i-asphyxia, esongela ubomi bogulane.
Umhlaza wesifo - iimpawu zokuqala
Utshintsho olukhawulezileyo ngelizwi, ukukrakra, ukubandisa ngokungabikho kwezifo ze-catarrhal kunye nezigulane ziyimpawu zokuqala zomhlaza womlomo. Njengoko kuqhubela phambili, i- dysphagia - ivakalelo ezibuhlungu xa ugwinya ukutya kunye namanzi. Ukubonakaliswa kwesi sifo kuxhomekeke ngqo kwisigaba somdlavuza womqala. Ukungabi nonyango olufanelekileyo kubangela ukuqhubela phambili kwesi sifo nokubonakala kweempawu ezintsha:
- kwandisa i-lymph nodes ;
- ukuvumba komlilo;
- ukubonakala emanzini ekungcola kwegazi;
- ukukhwehlela nge-phlegm;
- kuncipha ngobunzima bokuva (kwezinye iimeko).
Umhlaza wesifo - isigaba 1
Xa isigulane senza umhlaza wesifo somlomo, iimpawu kwiindawo zokuqala zentsholongwane zingabikho. Xa uhlola isifo, uhlobo lwesisu, oogqirha baqwalasela:
- ubungakanani besisu;
- ukuhamba kweentambo zamagama;
- i-metastase (inombolo, ubungakanani).
Indlela umhlaza wesifo somlenze ubheka ngayo kuxhomekeke kwisigaba sesifo. Kwisigaba sokuqala isisu siqala ukwandisa umthamo kwaye siphezu kwe-larynx, ilizwi alihlali litshintshile. Iiseli ze-Cancer zifumaneka kwi-glottis, kodwa iigaments iyakwazi ukusebenza ngokuqhelekileyo. Ubungakanani be-tumor encinci - isifo esiyimithamitha embalwa ububanzi. Amaseli angama-apipical avela kwi-membrane ye-larynx.
Umhlaza wesifo - Isigaba sesi-2
Kwisigaba sesibini, umhlaza wesibeletho (iimpawu kwiimigangatho zokuqala zingasekho) zizenza zizive ngokutshintsha ilizwi. Inkqubo yesifo esithintelayo isithatha i-larynx. Kwi-epiglottis, oogqirha bafumana ingqwalasela engaphezulu kweyodwa, ngaphezu koko, i-foci ye-pathology ibonakala kwiisuncu ezingomakhelwane. Ngenxa yoko, ukunyakaza okuqhelekileyo kweentambo zamagama kuphazamiseka, okubangela izibonakaliso zezibonakalisi: ukwesaba, ukuvutha. Kancinci, i-tumor ingabamba ngokupheleleyo i-larynx, kodwa ayikho i-metastases kwi-lymph nodes.
Umhlaza wesifo - isigaba 3
Kule nqanaba, umdlavuza womqala, iimpawu neempawu ezingafani nazo zikhankanywe ngasentla, zibamba ngokupheleleyo i-larynx kunye nezicubu ezijikelezayo. Iintambo ze-Vocal azikwazi ukuhamba ngokuqhelekileyo, ngoko kulahlekelwa ilizwi elipheleleyo. Amaseli angama-apipical avela ngqo kwiiscuki ze-larynx. Ngethuba lokuxilongwa, oogqirha bajonga i-lymph nodes ekhanyayo entanyeni ukusuka kwicala le-tumor. Ububanzi be-lymph node buya kufana nobubanzi obu-3 cm.
Umhlaza wesifo - isigaba 4
Ngenxa yesifo esinjalo esingumdlavuza, njengomhlaza womlomo, isigaba sokugqibela sesi sifo sihambelana nokutshatyalaliswa ngokupheleleyo kwe-larynx ne-pharynx. Inkqubo ye-pathological passes to the tractatory tract. Izidumbu kunye nezidumbu zayo zingasasazeka kwiintlobo zentamo, i-trachea, i-thyroid gland, ngezinye iimeko zingaphuma kwiindawo eziphezulu zesistim sokutya - zichaphazela i-esophagus. I-lymph nodes ikhuphuka kakhulu kwindleko. Ubuninzi bawo bufikelela ku-6 cm. Ezi tshintsho ziphazamisa iinkqubo zokugaya nokuphefumula.
Umhlaza wesifo - ukuxilongwa
Ukuxilongwa komhlaza wesibeleko kuncike ekuhloleni olubanzi lwe-pharynx, larynx. Iimpawu zokuqala zentsholongwane zingabonwa nge laryngoscopy. Le ndlela inceda ukuhlola i-larynx ngoncedo lwezixhobo ezikhethekileyo-i-laryngoscope. Ngethuba le nkqubo, ugqirha uvavanya i-vocal folds, larynx, pharynx kunye nomlomo womlomo. Nge-laryngoscopy, kunokwenzeka ukuthatha isampuli yesishuwu se-biopsy esilandelayo-isifundo se-histological esichaza ubukho beeseli zomhlaza, ukuxilongwa kwabo.
Ukuxilongwa komhlaza wesifo somhlaza, iimpawu apho uviwo lungabikho, ezi ndlela zilandelwayo:
- i-tomography (CT);
- Ultrasound;
- imagery emontic resonance (MRI).
Umhlaza wesifo - isalathisi
Ngenxa yesifo esinjengomdlavuza womqala, zingaphi izigulane zihlala-lo mbuzo unomdla kwizigulane. Oogqirha abanikeli impendulo engabonakaliyo. Ubuchwephesha bobuchwephesha bwanamhlanje abuvumeli ukuba sinqume ngokuchanekileyo ukuba isantya siza kukhula, ziphi izicubu kunye nezitho eziya kubandakanywa kwinkqubo yokugula.
Iziganeko ezenziwe ngabagqirha zisekelwe kwiinkcukacha zogqirha, ukuhlalutya kweenguqu ezenzeka kwizigulane ezinomdlavuza womqala, iimpawu zazo ziyakutshintshwa kwezinye iimeko. Izinto eziphambili eziqwalaselwa oogqirha ekuhloleni i-pathology zi:
- isigaba sesisu;
- umonakalo;
- inani lamalungu achaphazelekayo;
- Ubunzulu bokungena kwesisu;
- ubudala somguli;
- inani leemetastases.
Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuphilisa umdlavuza womqala?
Ukuba unyango lomhlaza wesisu luqaliswe kwinqanaba lokuqala, ithuba lokungabandakanyi ukukhubazeka lukhulu. Isiseko sonyango ngongenelelo lophuhliso. Indlela yokusebenza, umthamo wayo uzimisele ukuqwalasela iimpawu kunye nokubonakaliswa kwezonyango zesifo. Iziphumo ezigqwesileyo zibonisa indlela yokususwa kwe-laser tumor inqanaba lokuqala lomhlaza. Ukungenelela kokusebenza kusetyenziswa ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwiimigangatho 1-2 zesifo. Kwimeko yesifo, izigaba 3-4 zisebenzisa i-chemo- ne- radiotherapy . Ezi zakhono zityhutyha inkqubo yoxinzelelo, ukuphucula impilo yonke yesigulane, ukunyusa ubomi bakhe.
Umhlaza wesifo - ukusinda kwangaphambili
Njengoko kuphawuliwe ngasentla, akukho ngcali inokukwazi ukuxela ukuba ukukhukhuma komlomo okwenyayo kuya kunika njani unyango okanye kuya kuhamba phambili ngokuzithemba, nangona unyango lwenziwe. Iingcali zithatha kuphela oko kuza kwenzeka kumguli, ngesiseko semiboniso yeklinikhi kunye nemeko yempilo yakhe. Kule meko, asimele sikhohlwe ukuba umzimba ngamnye uqobo, ngoko ke ukungahambi kwimiqathango kungabonwa.
Ukuba uqwalasela iinkcukacha eziqokelelwa kwiminyaka emininzi, izigulane ezineengxaki zomhlaza wesiqalo 1 zihlala iminyaka emi-5 emva kokufunyaniswa kwi-85% yamatyala. Inqanaba leminyaka emihlanu lokusinda phakathi kwezigulane ezine-stage 4 ze-pathology i-20%. Isixhobo sokumisela sinokuba yi-laryngectomy - umsebenzi wokususa intambo yezwi. Ukungenelela okutyhutyhayo kwandisa ubomi bomguli, kumisa ukusabalala kwe-tumor. Kodwa ekusebenzeni, akubona zonke izigulane ziyavuma ukuphunyezwa kwayo.