Abantu banamhlanje banombono oqhelekileyo wemisebe kunye nemiphumo yayo, kuba inhlekelele enkulu yokugqibela yenzeka ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-30 edlulileyo. I-radiation ionizing ayibonakali, kodwa ingabangela ukuba utshintsho oluyingozi kwaye lungenakuguquka kumzimba womntu. Kwimitha enkulu, i-times-received received, it is deadly.
Kuphi ukugula kwemitha?
Ngeli gama libhekisela kwimeko yesifo, esichukunyiswa yinyathelo laluphi na uhlobo lwamayeza. Шиши Cши Cшиши Chor Cшиши Chor Chor Chor C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
- uhlobo lwamayeza avuselelayo;
- idilesi efunyenweyo;
- Cшиши Cшиши C C Chor C C Cшиши Chorши C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C +
- umthombo wendawo;
- ukusasazwa kwedosa emzimbeni womntu.
Ukugula kwamayeza omzimba
Inkqubo enjalo yokukhubazeka ibangelwa yimpembelelo efana nomlinganiselo omkhulu wemitha. Ukugula kwe-radiation enobuchule kukhula kwizilingo ze-irradiation ezingaphezu kwe-100 (1 Gy). Le miqulu yeengqungquthela ezinomathotholo kufuneka ifumaneke kanye, ngexesha elifutshane. Ä Cши Chor Chor Chor Chor Chor kw Cши Chor Chor Chor C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C Kwizifo ezingaphezulu kwe-10 Gy, umntu uyafa emva kokuhlushwa okufutshane.
Ukugula kwamayeza okusuleleka
Cшиши дши C C C C C C H C C C C H C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C Inkqubo engapheliyo yesi sifo iyakubonwa ukuba i-radiation irradiation iphantsi, ifikelela kuma-radians angama-10-50 ngosuku. Izibonakaliso ezicacileyo ze-pathology zivela xa inani le-ionization lifikelela kwi-70-100 rad (0.7-1 Gy). Ubunzima bokuxilongwa ngexesha elifanelekileyo kunye nezokwelapha ezilandelayo zikho kwiinkqubo ezinzulu zokuvuselelwa kwamaseli. Izicubu ezinobungozi zibuyiselwe, kwaye iimpawu zihlala zingabonakali ixesha elide.
Izizathu zokugula kweemitha
Iimpawu zobunjani be-pathology echazwe phantsi kwezenzo:
- X ray ray;
- ion, kuquka i-alpha kunye ne-beta;
- iimitha zemibala;
- i-neutron;
- iiprotoni;
- iimon kunye nezinye iinqununu.
Izizathu zokugula kweemitha kwi-ifom elula:
- iintlekele zobuchwephesha kwintsimi yamandla enyukliya;
- ukusetyenziswa kwe-irradiation ngokupheleleyo kwi-oncology, hematology, rheumatology;
- ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zenukliya.
Cши Cши дши Cшиши C C Cшиши C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
- rhoqo i-radiographic okanye i-radionuclide kwizifundo;
- Cши д C Cшиши Chor C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
- ukutya ukutya kunye namanzi angcolileyo;
- kuhlala kwiindawo ezisasazwayo.
Iifom zokugula kwemitha
Iindidi zentsholongwane ezinikezelweyo zihlukaniswe ngokwahlukileyo ngenxa yesimo esibi kunye nesigqirha sesi sifo. Hisque hisquequequequequeque hisquequeque his hisque his his following following followingque hisquequeque his his following hisquequequequeque hisque hisqueque hisqueque hisque hisque hisqueque hisque hisque hisque hisquequequeque his his his hisque produitsque
- Umongo weThambo. His his hisque followingque his his hisqueque followingque his hisque followingque his hisque followingque his hisque hisque hisque hisquequequequequequeque hisqueque hisquequeque produits his hisque following produits produitsque followingqueque produitsque produitsqueque hisque produits produitsquequeque Olu luhlobo olulodwa lonyango olunezigaba zobunzima kunye nexesha lokuqhubela phambili.
- WeTshintsho. Ikhula emva kokuvezwa kwemisebe ye-ionizing kwi-dose ye-6-10 Gy. Isimo esingozi, ngamanye amaxesha kubangelwa ukufa.
- Amathumbu. Hisque hisquequequequequequequequequequequequequequequequequeque produitsqueque produitsquequequequequequequequequeque his hisqueque his his produitsque produitsque his his hisqueque hisqueque followingque hisquequeque hisque following his followingqueque hisque Iimpawu ezicacileyo zigcinwe kwimimiselo yokuqala yesihlunu, isiphumo esibulalayo senziwa emva kweentsuku eziyi-8-16 ngenxa yokulahlekelwa ngokupheleleyo kwe-epithelium yamathumbu.
- IVascular. Olunye igama liwuhlobo oluxhatshazwayo lwesifo se-radiation esiyingozi, esifana ne-ionization dose ye-20-80 Gy. Ukufa kwenzeka emva kweentsuku ezingama-4-7 ngokuphathelele imvelaphi yezifo ezinzima ze-hemodynamic.
- I-Cerebral (fulminant, acute). Umfanekiso weklinikhi uhamba kunye nokulahleka kwengqondo kunye nokunciphisa ukunyuka kwengcinezelo yegazi emva kokungena kwi-radiation yama-80-120 Gy. Isiphumo esibulalayo sibonwa kwiintsuku zokuqala ezintathu, ngamanye amaxesha umntu uyafa ngeeyure ezimbalwa.
- Ukufa phantsi kwe-ray. Ngamayeza angaphezu kwe-120 Gy, umzimba ophilayo uyafa ngokukhawuleza.
Isifo esingapheliyo sesifo sifakwe kwiintlobo ezi-3:
- Siseko. Ukubonakaliswa kwe-radiation yangaphandle kwimizuzu emide.
- Inhomogeneous. Iquka zombini i-irradiation yangaphandle kunye nefuthe elikhethekileyo kwizitho ezithile kunye nezicubu.
- Idibeneyo. Ukungabikho okungafaniyo kumbane (kwendawo kunye neenkqubo) ngefuthe jikelele kwizinto eziphilayo.
Izigulane zokugula kwemitha
Ubunzima bokuphula umthetho buvavanywa ngokuhambelana nemali yemimiselo efunyenweyo. Isiganga sokubonakaliswa kwesifo se-radiation:
- ukukhanya - 1-2 Gy;
- I-medium-heavy-2-4 Gy;
- enzima - 4-6 Gy;
- nzima kakhulu - ngaphezu kwe-6 Gy.
Ukugula kwemitha - iimpawu
Umfanekiso wekliniki wezilwanyana zixhomekeke ekumeni kwawo kunye nomlinganiselo wokulimala kwizitho zangaphakathi kunye nezicubu. Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zokugula kwemitha kwisigaba esilula:
- buthathaka;
- isicefe
- intloko;
- zichazwe;
- kulala;
- ukukhathala;
- ukuvakalelwa, ukukrakra emlonyeni .
Iimpawu zokungena kweemitha kwiidesi ezinzima kakhulu:
- ukuhlanza;
- umkhuhlane;
- isifo sohudo;
- obomvu obunzima besikhumba;
- kutyhafa;
- entloko;
- hypotension;
- ukungacaciswanga kwe-pulse;
- bradycardia ;
- ukungabikho koqhagamshelwano;
- ukudibanisa kweengalo;
- ukungabi nesidlo;
- ukubetha;
- isithintelo esiswini ;
- kuphuma;
- ukubunjwa kwezilonda kwiimbrane ezinobumba;
- ukulahlekelwa kweenwele;
- ukunqumla, izipikili ezinobumba;
- ukuphazamiseka kwezitho zobulili;
- intlungu entliziyweni ;
- izifo zokuphefumula;
- ukuthuthumela kweminwe;
- ukunyamalala kweetekisi;
- itysile yehla yehla;
- izibilini zangaphakathi;
- ukungonakaliswa komsebenzi ophezulu we-cerebral;
- i-hepatitis nabanye.
Iziganeko zokugula kwemitha
Umonakalo ogqithisekileyo wemisebe uvela kwiinqanaba ezi-4. Ixesha ngalinye lixhomekeke kwisigaba sokugula kweemitha kunye nokuqina kwayo:
- Ukuphendula ngokuphambili. Isigaba sokuqala sithatha iintsuku eziyi-1-5, ubude balo bubalwa ngokuxhomekeka kwinqanaba le-irradiation elalifunyenwe - isixa ku-Gy + 1. Isibonakaliso esona siphumo sokuqala sinobuhlungu obukhulu bomzimba , okubandakanya iimpawu ezi-5 ezisisiseko-intloko, ubuthathaka, ukuhlanza, ukubomvu kwesikhumba kunye nobushushu bomzimba .
- Ubomi bentlalo. Isigaba "sokuhamba isidumbu" sibonakala ngokungabikho kwesithombeni esithile. Isigulane sicinga ukuba ukugula kwemitha kuye kwadlula, kodwa ukuguqulwa kwamathambo emzimbeni kuya phambili. Ukuxilongwa kwesi sifo kungenziwa ngenxa yokuphulwa kwegazi.
- U bushushu. Kule nqanaba, ezininzi iimpawu ezibhalwe apha ngasentla ziyabonwa. Ubunzima babo buxhomekeke kubuqili be-lesion kunye nomthamo we-radiation ionizing efunyenwe.
- Ukubuyisela. Ngomlinganiselo ovumelekileyo wemisebe ehambelana nobomi, kwaye unyango olwaneleyo, uqala ukubuyela. Zonke izitho kunye neenkqubo zibuya ngokukhawuleza ekusebenzeni ngokuqhelekileyo.
Ukugula kwelanga-unyango
Unyango luphuhliswa emva kweziphumo zoviwo lomntu olimele. Uphulo olusebenzayo lokugula kwe-radiation luxhomekeke kwinqanaba lomonakalo kunye nobunzima be-pathology. Xa ufumene amanani amancinci emisebe ye-radiation, igalela ukuyeka iimpawu zetyhefu nokucoca umzimba weexin. Kwiimeko ezinzima, kufuneka unyango olukhethekileyo, olujoliswe ekulungiseni zonke iziphazamiso eziye zavela.
Ukugula ngonyango yinkxaso yokuqala yonyango
Ukuba umntu uboniswe kwimisebe ye-radiation, iqela leengcali kufuneka libizwe ngoko nangoko. Ngaphambi kokuba bafike, kufuneka usebenze ngendlela ethile.
Ukugula kwe-radiation eyiyo-uncedo lokuqala:
- Ukucima ngokupheleleyo ixhoba (izambatho ziya kulahlwa).
- Uhlambe ngokupheleleyo umzimba phantsi kwesitya.
- Kukulungele ukuhlanza amehlo, umlomo kunye nesiswini somsinga ngesisombululo soda.
- Gcoba isisu kunye namathumbu.
- Nika i-antiemetics (i-Metoclopramide okanye nayiphi na i-analogue).
Ugulo lwe-radiation olunzulu-unyango
Xa ungena kwikliniki yesibhedlele umntu ufakwa kwiwadi engaselunqeni (ibhokisi) ukukhusela ukusuleleka kunye nezinye iingxaki ze-pathology echazwe. Ukugula kwesibindi kuyadinga i-regimen elandelayo:
- Ukuyeka ukuhlanza. Utyunjwe i-Ondansetron, i-Metoclopramide, i-neuroleptic iClorpromazine. Ngaphambi kwesilonda, i-platifillin hydrotartrate okanye i-atropine sulfate ifanelekile.
- Ukuxutyushwa. Isisombululo ngesisombululo somzimba kunye ne-glucose, iilungiselelo zeDextran zisetyenzisiweyo.
- Ulwaphulo lwendawo. Hisque following hisque hisque hisque hisque hisque hisque hisque hisqueque his his hisqueque his his hisqueque hisqueque hisqueque hisqueque hisqueque hisquequequequequequequequeque hisquequequequequequequequequequequequequequeque Ukwenza oku, i-fat emulsions kunye nezisombululo ezinomxholo ophezulu wezinto zokulandelela, i-amino acids kunye namavithamini-Intralipid, Lipofundin, Infezol, Aminol kunye nabanye.
- Ukubuyiswa kwegazi. Ukukhawulezisa ukubunjwa kwegranulocytes kunye nokwandisa ukugxininiswa emzimbeni ngokuphathekayo ngokulawulwa kwe-Filgrastim. Uninzi lwezigulane ezinezifo zonyango zibonisa ukongezwa kwansuku zonke kwegazi lomnikeli.
- Unyango kunye nokukhuselwa kwezifo. Iimvavanyo ezinamandla zokulwa neentlobo zamachiza ezinamandla ziyimfuneko - i-Methylcin, i-Tseporin, i-Kanamycin kunye neempawu ezifanayo. Iilungiselelo ze-Biological-type, njenge-hyperimmune, iplasma ye-antistaphylococcal, inceda ukwandisa ukusebenza kwazo.
- Ukuncitshiswa komsebenzi we-intestinal microflora kunye nefungi. Kule meko, kwakhona, i-antibiotics imiselwe - i-Neomycin, i-Gentamicin, i-Ristomycin. Ukukhusela i-candidiasis, i-Nystatin, i-Amphotericin B.
- Unyango lweentsholongwane. Que hisque hisquequequequeque hisqueque hisqueque hisque hisque his his his his hisqueque his hisque hisqueque hisquequeque produitsqueque hisquequequeque hisque hisqueque hisque following hisquequequeque hisquequeque produitsqueque hisqueque:
- Ukulwa negazi. Ukuphucula i-coagulation yegazi kunye nokuqinisa iindonga ze-vascular zinika i-hormone ye-steroid, i-Dicinone, i-Rutin, iprotheni ye-fibrinogen, ukulungiselela i-E-ACC.
- Quequequequequequequequequequequequeque followingquequeque produitsquequequequequequequequequequequequequequequequequequequequequequequequequequequequequequequequequequequequequequequequequequequequequequequequequeque I-heparins esetyenziswayo - i-Nadroparin, i-Enoxaparin kunye neentetho.
- Kupirovanie iinkqubo zokuvuvukala. Isiphumo esheshayo senziwa yi-prednisolone kwizilwanyana ezincinci.
- Ukuthintela ukuwa. Bonisa i- glycosides ye-cardiac , i-Nitacamide, iPhenylphrine, iSulphocamphocaine.
- Ukuphuculwa komgaqo we-neuroendocrine. Injectedly nojected in Novocain, isetyenzisiweyo isetamin B, i-calcium gluconate.
- Unyango lwe-antiseptic yezilonda zamagqabini kwiimbrane ezinamaqabunga. Iphakanyiswe isisombululo se-soda okanye i-novocaine, i-furatsilinom, i-peroxide ye-hydrogen, i-proulis emulsion kunye nezinto ezifana.
- Ulwaphulo lwengingqi kwilusu elichaphazelekayo. Kwiindawo ezitshisiweyo zokugqoka ezimanzi zisetyenziswa kunye neRivanol, iLinol, iFuracilin.
- Utyando lwempawu. Ngokuxhomekeka kwiimpawu ezikhoyo, izigulane zichazwe ngamadala, ama-antihistamines kunye neyeza zintlungu, izixilongo.
Ukugula kwe-radiation engapheliyo-unyango
Inkalo ebalulekileyo yonyango kule meko ukupheliswa koonxibelelwano kunye nemitha. Ukucetyiswa izilonda, kuyacetyiswa:
- ukutya okunobuthi;
- benzisa unyango;
- ukuvuselela kwendalo kwenkqubo ye-nervous (lemongrass, ginseng kunye nabanye);
- ukulungiselela ibhrom ne caffeine;
- iivithamini zeqela B;
- kwiinkcazo - zengqondo.
Izindlela, indlela yokunyanga ukugula kwe-radiation yezifundo ezingapheliyo kwinqanaba elibi, zifana neendlela zokwelapha zesimo esibucayi se-pathology. Ubukhulu beempembelelo zonyango kuxhomekeke kwi:
- umda we-radioactive umonakalo;
- imbonakalo yeempawu ezithile;
- ubukho beengxaki.
Iziphumo zokugula kwemitha
Ubume bomonakalo obungafanelekiyo buhambelana nohlobo lweeseli ezithintekayo kwi-ionization kunye neli dose elifunyenweyo. Iziphumo zengxubevange ye-radioactive:
- nciphisa ixesha lokuphila;
- cataract;
- izihlamba ezibi;
- ukuguquka kwemfuza (ifa);
- utshintsho kwinkqubo yokuzala;
- i-sclerosis yeemithwalo yegazi kunye nezicubu;
- iintsholongwane ze-immunity kunye nabanye.
Ukugula kwemitha - ukukhusela
Amanyathelo okukhusela anceda ukukhusela ukuphuhliswa kwentsholongwane. Ukuthintela ukugula kwemitha:
- ukuphononongwa kweendawo ezibonakaliswe kumbane;
- ukugcinwa kwemithetho yokukhusela abasebenzi;
- ukufumana i-radioprotectors, i-vitamin C, i-B6 ne-P;
- ukusetyenziswa kwama-anabolic hormonal.