Isifo se-oncological, esichazwe ngokusasazeka kwesakhiwo se-tumor eludongeni lwe-esophagus, kuthiwa ngumhlaza wesophageal. Olu hlobo lwe-oncology luyinto yesibhozo eqhelekileyo, esoloko ixilongwa kubantu abaneminyaka yobudala, kodwa iyakhula kwizigulane eziselula. Ngako oko, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba ziphi iimpawu zokuqala zesifo somhlaza.
Indlela yokujonga umhlaza wesisu?
Okokuqala, sifunde ukuba yiyiphi impawu kunye nemisebenzi yayo. I-esophagus iyilungu elingenalutho elifana nebhubhoni eneendonga ezininzi ezidibanisa umlomo ngomlomo. Eli lilungu lisebenza ukuhambisa ukutya kwisisu, esikuncedwa yi-mucus efihliweyo ngamathambo alo, kwaye ukukhusela ukungeniswa kwangaphambili kwendawo yokutya kwi-pharynx kunye ne-airways.
Ngenxa yokulula kwayo, i-esophagus idinga isimo sengqondo esifanelekileyo kwaye phantsi kwefuthe lezinto ezinokungahambi kakuhle, kuquka ukutshaya, ukusela utywala, iziphuzo ezinxilisayo kunye nezitya, kunokubandakanywa kwiinkqubo zempilo. Iimvumi zengculaza ziqala ukukhula ngokubonakala kweeseli ezingaqhelekanga ezichaphazela ukuguqulwa kwe-DNA, okungahluliyo kwaye ikhule. Iimpawu ezinjalo ezingangonakalisi nje kuphela ilungu, kodwa zingaphinde zihlasele izicubu ezikufuphi, zisasaze kwezinye iindawo zomzimba ngegazi kunye nokuhamba kwe-lymph.
Iimpawu zokuqala zesifo sengculaza ayinakudluliswa kwisigaba sokuqala, kodwa sele sele siphumelele ngokuphuhliswa kobukhulu obusayizi obukhulu. Kule meko, isibalo sezigulane sisabhalisa ukubonakalisa ukuxhalaba, kodwa, nangona kunjalo, akunakucacile kwaye kaninzi kubangelwa ezinye i-pathologies - i-gastritis, i-reflux esophagitis, i-neurocirculatory dystonia, njl.
- ukuphazamiseka kwi-sternum, enxulumene okanye engahambelani nokutya;
- ukuvutha komlilo kule ndawo.
Indlela yokujonga umhlaza wesifo se-esophageal kwinqanaba lokuqala?
Abo banomdla kwaye banakekele empilweni yabo baya kukwazi ukubona iimpawu zokuqala zomhlaza wesifo se-esophageal kwisigaba sokuqala, okwandisa kakhulu amathuba okuphumelela kunyango. Izibonakaliso ezibonakalayo eziphambili, ezikhawuleza zifuna ukuvakala i-alamu kwaye zibheke kwingcali, ziyimpawu zendawo ezihambelana nokutshatyalaliswa kwezicubu ezinomzimba:
- I-Dysphagia , engabangelwa yimishini , iikhemikhali okanye i-traumatic trauma ye-esophagus, isenzo esiyinkimbinkimbi sokugwinya, ekuqaleni singabizwanga, kwaye emva koko siyanqabela ukula ukudla okuqinileyo;
- ukuvakalelwa kwesidlo sokutya ngokusebenzisa isisu, ukungonwabi xa udla okanye usela;
- ukuvakala kwezwi, kungabandakanywa nezifo ze-catarrhal;
- salivation;
- ukubetha ukutya emva okanye ngexesha lokutya;
- ukuguquka;
- isicefe
- i-hiccough rhoqo;
- kufana nokukhwehlela, okubonakalayo xa usela;
- ukuphefumula okubi.
Iimpawu zokuqala zomhlaza wesisu, ezihambelana nemibonakalo eqhelekileyo enxulumene nokuxhatshazwa komzimba ngemveliso yokubola kweeseli ezibi, zibandakanya:
- ukuhlala ubuthathaka;
- ukukhathala ngokukhawuleza;
- ukunyuka kwesisindo;
- i-anemia.
Ukwahlula kakhulu i-squamous cell carcinoma ye-esophagus
Ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu ze-hertological of tumors kule ngqungquthela, zihlelwa kwiintlobo ezininzi. Eyona nto iqhelekile yi-squamous cell carcinoma, apho iiseli ezinqabileyo kunye ezincinci zinobukhulu bomhlaba zifom ephezulu. Isifo esinjalo sisoloko sichaphazela inxalenye ephakathi yelungu. Ukuba isifo se-cell squamous sihluke kakhulu, asiyi kukhula ngokukhawuleza, iiseli zayo zithobela ukhathala. Kule meko, iimpawu zokuqala, iimpawu zesifo somhlaza wesifo sokutshatyalaliswa komzimba zibonakaliswa ngokuthe ngcembe, i-metastase iyakuboniswa kwinqanaba elizayo.
I-squamous cell carcinoma ephantsi
Olu hlobo lwesifo lubonakaliswe ngokubunjwa kwamaseli angabonisiwe, afaneleke ukukhula ngokukhawuleza kunye nokuqhubela phambili. Le ndlela ifuthe, ebonakala ngokunyuka ngokukhawuleza kwimbonakalo kunye nomngcipheko omkhulu wokusabalalisa ngokukhawuleza kuwo wonke umzimba. Indlela yokuchonga umhlaza wesifo, ukujonga ukubonakala kwayo kunye nesigaba emva kokubona iimpawu eziphazamisayo, kunokuncoma ugqirha. Ngokuqhelekileyo, kule meko, i-X-ray okanye i-zofagoskopiya ekhethiweyo, ngokuqinisekileyo ifumanisa iimpawu ezimbi emzimbeni.
Umhlaza wesibeleko we-oopopus
Ingqumbo eqala ukuphuhliswa kwayo kwiiseli ezigwenxa kuthiwa yi-glandular, elinye igama li-adenocarcinoma. Ngokuqhelekileyo le fom ye-oncology yenziwe kwinqanaba elingaphantsi kwendawo. Umhlaza wesifo se-Esophageal, iimpawu zokuqala ezingalindelekanga kulo mzekelo, ngezinye iimeko zikhula ngokubhekiselele kwi-pathology efana ne-Barrett's syndrome. Ukubonakaliswa kwangaphambili kwimeko enokuthi kunoku: ukuguquka kwentliziyo, ukuhlanza ngegazi, intlungu yesisu.
Iimpawu zokuqala zesifo somhlaza kubasetyhini
Iimpawu zokuba nomdlavuza wesifo esiphathekayo kwabasetyhini azifani nezo zindoda, nangona kunjalo, ngokwemibare, iziganeko zesini esilungileyo ziphindwe ngamaxesha amaninzi. Ngenxa yobungqina obungabonakali bokubonakaliswa kokuqala, esi sifo sivame ukuxilongwa kwiinyanga eziliqela emva kokubonakala kwe-tumor. Ngeli thuba, kunokubakho ukugqabhuka kwezicubu zomhlaza ngaphaya kweendonga ezixhasayo, ezihamba kunye nezibonakaliso eziphambili:
- ukuphefumula okufutshane;
- kwandisa i-lymph nodes;
- ukuhlanza;
- utshintshe uvelwano lwelizwi;
- bradycardia, njl
Umhlaza we-Esophageal - iimpawu zokuqala, bangaphi abantu abahlala kuyo?
Umhlaza we-Esophagus, iimpawu zokuqala ezifunyenwe ekuqaleni, kwaye kunye nenkango echanekileyo ngexesha elichanekileyo libonakaliswa ngento ekhuthazayo kakhulu. Ngaloo ndlela, ngaphezu kwe-90% yezigulane ezithe zafumana unyango ogqityiweyo, unyango lwe-chemo kunye neyeza , zinezinga elininzi leminyaka yokuphila. Isifo somhlaza esophageal esifumanekayo sichasene ngokuchaseneyo: ngaphandle kokonyango kwizigulane ezininzi, iziphumo ezibulalayo zenzeka emva kweenyanga ezi-5-6, kwaye kunyango lwamahlanu ukususela kuphela kwi-10% yezi gulane.