Abantwana bakhula ngokukhawuleza. Umntwana kwiinyanga ezi-3 sele esazi kakhulu kwaye uyamkholisa abazali bakhe ngempumelelo yakhe yokuqala. Wonke umama ufuna ukuba umntwana wakhe aphile ngokubhekiselele kulawulo oluchanekileyo, luphile kwaye luphuhliswe ngokwemimiselo yesiqhelo, nangona esi siqhelo sinemeko. Bonke ngabanye, kwaye abantwana abanakuqhathaniswa nezibonakaliso ezicacileyo ezifanayo.
Ukuphakama nobunzima bomntwana kwiinyanga ezintathu
Kwiinyanga zokuqala zobomi, abantwana banqobe isigaba sokulungelelanisa kwihlabathi elijikelezile kwaye baqale ukuwufunda ngokuzimeleyo. Ziyakhula ngokukhawuleza, zifumana umyinge wama-500-900 g nganye iintsuku ezingama-30 kwaye zolulela iipentimitha ezimbalwa. Ukuvavanya rhoqo ukuphuhliswa komzimba wengane yimbopheleleko yonyango, kodwa abazali banokwenza oku ngokwemiqondiso yangaphandle. Kukho imigangatho apha:
- ubunzima bomyinge womntwana kwiinyanga ezi-3 ngu-5-7 kg;
- ubude (kubini ngesini) - 62 cm.
Abafana badla ngokukhudlwana kunamantombazana, kodwa akunjalo. Abo bafumana isisindo sokunyuka kwesisu ngokubanzi. Kuba abantu abakhethiweyo kufuneka bahlolisiswe ngokukhawuleza, bebonisana nodokotela wezilwanyana ngenxa yokuphambuka kwimimiselo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ubunzima kunye nokuphakama komntwana akuhambelani "nesiqhelo", kwaye ngexesha elifanayo umntwana uvakalelwa kakuhle, akukho sizathu sokufumana.
Ukutya komntwana kwiinyanga ezintathu
Ngenyanga yesithathu yobomi inkqubo yokutya yentsana iyatshintsha into encinci: isisindo sesisu sanda, njengokuba umthamo wokutya ufunyenwe. Ingakanani umntwana ayidla kwiinyanga ezintathu? Ngesinye ixesha, malunga ne-150 ml ye-fluid, umthamo wemihla ngemihla - kufika ku-900 ml. Kodwa umntwana usengakulungeli ukuthatha nantoni na, ngaphandle kobisi lwebele okanye ubisi lwefom. Ukuphela kokuncediswa kokutya (kwiingcebiso zogqirha) yi-vitamin D, njengokuthintela izixhobo. Inikwa ngendlela yehla. Ukulungelelaniswa kule minyaka yesantya kudala ukuzazisa.
Iinyanga ezi-3 - ukuncelisa umntwana
Abantwana abancinci badla rhoqo, kunye nokuphazamiseka okuncinci. Ngokomyinge, lo ngumhla wokutya wama-10-12 kunye no-4 ebusuku ukutya, ukususela ngexesha lokuvuswa nokuphela kokutya ngaphambi kokulala. Umntwana oneminyaka engama-3 ubudala unokuzimela ngokuzimeleyo umthamo wobisi owamkelekileyo. Ukuba uthe wadla, uya kukhulula esifuba sakhe. Nje ngeenyanga ezidlulileyo, ukutya kunikezelwa kwimfuneko. Kubalulekile ukuba oomongikazi baqonde ukuba ngeli xesha, ubisi lwebele luba luncinci ( ubunzima bezobisi ), kodwa umntwana usweleka, akufanelekile ukuyeka i-GW.
Iinyanga ezi-3 - isondlo sokufakelwa komntwana
Ukutya okungqongqo kunikwa abantwana abondliwa kwimxube eguqulelwe. Umyinge wenani lokutya lithandathu, amaxesha athile phakathi kwabo ngama-3-3.5 iiyure. Umthamo wobisi ubalwa ngokwecandelo elilandelayo: isisindo somntwana esahlukaniswe ngu-6, umlinganiselo obangela ukuba uhlulwe yi-number of diurnal feedings. Ngokomyinge, ngu 150-180 ml yobisi ngexesha. Ukutya komntwana kwiinyanga ezi-3 ze-IV kukuxanduva lwabazali. Unina makaqiniseke ukuba umntwana ufumana ukutya okuqhelekileyo ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Kodwa ukuba akayidli kakhulu kwaye ucela "umlinganiselo" ongaphezulu, awukwazi ukumbamba ukutya okungeziwe.
Urhulumente wabantwana kwiinyanga ezintathu
Izinto ezisiseko zemihla ngemihla zibalulekile ekuphuhliseni umntwana. Umntwana uneenyanga ezintathu ukulungele ukumfundisa kulawulo. Injabulo enkulu kubazali kukubona okufanelekileyo ngexesha lokuvuka nokulala. Ixesha elimnyama linxulumene nokuphumla. Imodi yebantwana kwiinyanga ezi-3 inikezela ubuthongo obude. Kubalulekile ukuqheleka kwiindawo zokutya nokuphumla, ukubeka ngaphandle kwebhotile kwisikhumba sakho uze ungalibali ngokuhamba ngomoya omtsha. Kwixesha elifudumeleyo, unokuchitha ixesha elingama-6 iiyure kwisitalato.
Umntwana kufuneka alele kangakanani kwiinyanga ezintathu?
Enye yemibuzo ephambili ebakhathazayo abazali: bangaphi abantwana abalele kwiinyanga ezintathu? Ukuba ubomi kwintsapho iyaqhubeka njengesiqhelo, oomama nootata bazama ukuba umntwana aphule ngaphezulu ebusuku kwaye ahlale ephaphile emini. Ngokomyinge, abaneminyaka emithathu ubudala balele kwiiyure ezili-12 ukuya kwezi-18 ngosuku, abaninzi babo (8-10) bawela ebusuku, kodwa konke kuxhomekeke kumoya kunye nokuziphatha okufanelekileyo kwabazali. Iimitha ezili-3-4 eziseleyo ziyabelwe ukuphumla kwemini, okungekho nto ifanele ibe yinto efanayo:
- ubuthongo obulodwa okanye ezimbini kwiintsuku ezingama-1-2;
- enye okanye ezinye izifinyezo, zihlala imizuzu engama-40-45.
Iintsana ezi-3 azilala kakuhle
Ngokuqhelekileyo, abazali bajamelana neemeko ezingathandekiyo xa umntwana elele kakuhle ngexesha lonke leenyanga ezintathu - akayi kulala, aziphatha ngokuxhalabile, ahlawule kuyo nayiphi na i-rustle. Ukuba ayiphumeli ukulungelelanisa urhulumente "oqhelekileyo", umntwana useyakhe, kodwa oku akuchaphazeli impilo yakhe, mhlawumbi unokulala ngokwaneleyo. Kwezinye iimeko, imodeli kufuneka ilungiswe. Ukulala komntwana kwiinyanga ezi-3 kunokugqitywa ngemibandela efana nale:
- Umkhwa owenziwe. Umzekelo, ukuba ezinyangeni zokuqala umntwana usetyenziselwa ukulala e-stroller ngexesha lokuhamba, kwiingalo zikamama, kwaye ngokukhawuleza wahluthwa ngeli thuba, akuyi kuba lula ukulungiswa. Ngoko ke, ukususela ekuzalweni, umntwana kufuneka alele ebhedeni.
- Iimpazamo ekudleni. Umntwana olambileyo akalala kakuhle, mhlawumbi wayengenelisekanga ngaphambi kokuba aphumelele embhedeni. Kunengxaki ngokukodwa ukunyusa umntwana ebusuku, kodwa unina unokukhawuleza ukubamba ibhotile okanye amnike ibele, ngoko akayi kuvuka kuze kube sekuseni.
- Iingxaki zempilo. I-Colic yinkinga eqhelekileyo yokukhusela iintsana zokulala ngokuthula. Kufike ngexesha lokunyamekela impilo yephepha lokutya, ukwenzela ukuba ungahlangabezane nobunzima. Iingxaki eziqhubekayo zokulala, isizathu sokuba abazali abanakuzixilonga, zifuna iingcebiso zonyango lwezingane.
Ingane kwiinyanga ezintathu-uphuhliso
Kwiinyanga ezimbini zokuqala zobomi bentsana, uhlala esetyenziselwa ukunyaniseka kuye: ukutya, ukulala, ukufumana amandla. Bonke abanyamekela umntwana bancitshiswa ukuba banakekele - izenzo ezinokumanyanisa, imihla ngemihla. Le nto ilahlekile. Kodwa ukususela kwinyanga yesithathu kukho izidingo zengqondo: inkunzi ifuna iimvakalelo ezivela kubazali, iyancipha kumncinci womama, ingxoxo, ukuhleka. Umntwana ngokwayo ubonakalisa ngokunyanisekileyo iimvakalelo: uyavuya, "izibungulu", ukukhala kunye nokukhala xa enganeliseki ngento ethile.
Ukuphuhliswa kwengqondo yomntwana kwiinyanga ezi-3 kubonakaliswa yintleko yokubilisa, ukuphucula kwamanye amalungu engqondo (ukuva, ukubona, ukuthintela), ukuvela komdla kwihlabathi elikujikelezayo kunye nokukwazi ukuveza iimvakalelo zabo. Ingane ijolise kwisifundo esinye (ithoyi, umama), kwaye ilinde ixesha elide. Ngeli xesha, umntwana uncedo ukugqoka ezandleni zakhe, ukubonisa izinto zekhaya, ukuziqhelanisa nemifanekiso ekhanyayo.
Yintoni kufuneka umntwana ayenze kwiinyanga ezintathu?
Abazali abancinci abaye baqonda kuphela izinto ezisisiseko zokuba ngumama kunye nomntwana onomdla: umntwana angenza ntoni kwiinyanga ezintathu? Ukuzama ukufanisa isiqhelo, baqhathanisa izakhono kunye nempumelelo yazo. Bonke ngabanye, kwaye baninzi abantwana bahlakulela ngendlela efanayo. Ukususela kwindawo yokujonga imeko yomzimba kunye nengqondo, umntwana kufuneka akwazi ukwenza ezinyangeni ezintathu:
- ubambe intloko ngokuqinileyo;
- qwalasela izinto ezikufuphi;
- zama ukubamba;
- ukuzama izinto "kwizinyo";
- ukwenza iinzame ezisebenzayo zokujika ukusuka emva ukuya kwisisu;
- ukuvuselela xa ebona ubuso obuqhelekileyo;
- ukuvakalisa izandi ngomsindo, ukuthetha kunye nezihlobo;
- ukuhlala abantu ukuze babonise inzala engaphezulu kunezinto.
Indlela yokuphuhlisa umntwana kwiinyanga ezintathu?
Ukwenza umntwana afunde ihlabathi ngokukhawuleza, kuncedo ukuqhuba iiseshoni zoqeqesho kunye naye ngendlela yemidlalo kunye nokuzivocavoca. Ezinye iintshukumo umntwana angenza yena ngokwakhe xa elele embhedeni. Ukwenza oku, iingubo eziqhakazile zixhomekeke kummandla wokubonakala, ekufikeleleni kufana ne-turntile encinci apho umntwana angakwazi ukufikelela khona. Oku kuya kumnceda afunde indlela yokuhlala. Umthamo ophuhlisayo uyakuncedo, ngoncedo olungaboni nje kuphela, kodwa ukuchaphazela lufezekiswe.
Umntwana uncinci kakhulu, kodwa abazali kufuneka banike ixesha lokufundela umntwana, iinyanga ezi-3-ixesha elifanelekileyo lokuqala ukufunda iifriythi, intetho, iingcaciso (ngexesha lokuhamba, yonke into oyibonayo kufuneka ibizwe ngamagama abo). Oku kuya kunceda ukubeka isigama, ngaphandle kwengane imnandi kakhulu ukuva ilizwi likamama. Unokwenza i-gymnastics eqhelekileyo kwisigxina sesandi: hlabela iingoma kumntwana, funda iinkondlo.
Amathoyizi ezintsana ezinyangeni ezintathu
Iimpawu eziphambili zeli xesha: ama-rattles aqhakazileyo, amanani e-rubber (izilwanyana kunye nabantu), amodoli, ukuvelisa amatshini. Bamele babe mnandi kwibala. Ubuninzi bembala kunye nemifanekiso, izandi ezishicilelweyo ziya kunceda ukutsala ingqalelo yomntwana, ukunceda ekubunjweni kwezinto eziphathekayo, ezibucayiweyo kunye nezibonwayo. Inkwenkwezi kwiinyanga ezintathu zifuna ukugcina intetho kunye nabantu abadala, ngoko kulungile ukuba le midlalo ihamba neengcamango zabazali. Xa umntwana avunyelwe ukudlala ngokuzimeleyo, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba izinto ekufikeleleni kwakhe zicocekile kwaye azixakekanga (ngaphandle kwemida ebukhali, ukukhanya).
Iinyanga ezi-3 - ukuxilisa kumntwana
Ootitshala bezilwanyana bancoma ukuba uphuhliso olupheleleyo imihla ngemihla ukwenza ukusikwa komntwana, kwenziwa ngokubambisana nemidlalo. Ngokukodwa iinkqubo zibalulekile kwiintsana zangaphambi kwentsana kunye neengxaki kunye nezihlunu zentanyeni (intloko yentloko ekhuni). Injongo ephambili yokuxilisa kukuphuhlisa nokuqinisa isakhelo se-muscular, isimiso se-musculoskeletal, izakhono zezithuthuthu zezandla. Abantwana kwiinyanga ezi-3 bezama ukufunda indlela yokuguqula ukusuka emva ukuya kwisisu, ukuhlawula kuya kubanceda kule nto. Ukuxilisa, kufuneka unike imizuzu eyi-10-20 ngosuku, uyongeze ngokuhlamba, usebenzise ibhola (fitball).
Iingcebiso zokusilalisa:
- Qalisa inqubo ngendlela enhle (abadala kunye nabantwana).
- Ukuba kunokwenzeka, sebenzisa iindlela ezicocileyo nezomileyo (ngaphandle kwama-creams kunye ne-powders).
- Ukuhambela ukusilalisa ngokuthetha, ukuxelela iingqungquthela, imilolotelo yokunyumba.
- Intshukumo yokuqala (yilezo zokugqibela) zibetha lula, zithuthuzela umntwana.
- Izandla ezenziwe ngamathanga kunye nezihlambulukileyo (ukusuka emagxeni ukuya eminwe) ngokuxuba kunye nokuzalisa, emva koko umlenze, imilenze kunye nomva.
- Ukucoca ngamadolo ngokuchanekileyo akukhuthazwayo. Yaye inyawo ziphathwa ngokucokisekileyo - zisuka ezintendeni kuya kwiminwe, ngaphandle kokuhamba ngokuzumayo.
- Umva usuka ukusuka ngaphantsi ukuya phezulu - ukusuka emacaleni kuya kumahlombe.
I-Gymnastics kwiintsana ezi-3
I-Gymnastics yinkqubo enomsebenzi ekufuneka iqhutyelwe imihla ngemihla. Intsana eneminyaka emithathu ubudala isebenza ngokweengcamango. Ukuba uyayiphakamisa, ukugcina ngobumnene izandla zakho ngebele, kwaye uyigcine ingqongqo, umntwana uya kugoba, aphakamise intloko nemilenze. Lo msebenzi ubalulekile ekuphuhliseni imisipha. Yaye ukuba umntwana olalayo uthathwa ngamadolo aze adonsele kwicala eliphambene nalo, liya kuqala ukugqithisa kunye nomzimba wonke emva komlenze. Ngoko unako ukukhawuleza ukuqonda ukukhupha kwi-tummy yakhe.
Isethi yamanyathelo okunyamekela kakuhle umntwana uquka ukutya okunomsoco (ubisi okanye umxube), ukuphumla okupheleleyo, ukutshintsha nomthwalo. Usetyenzisi nje kuphela ukuhamba emoyeni omtsha, kodwa ukuhlawula indlu, ukusilalisa, ukuphucula umzimba kunye nemidlalo. Yonke imisebenzi enomntwana ayiyi kuthatha kubazali ixesha elininzi kunye nomzamo. Kodwa ngokubulela kubo, umntwana kwiinyanga ezintathu uza kuba nako ukuqonda zonke izakhono eziyimfuneko ukuhlalisana ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokuqhubeka kunye noontanga.