Ekuguquleleni, igama elithi "dharma" elithi Buddhist lichazwe njengenkxaso, linokumelwa njengemigaqo yemigaqo enceda ukugcina ibhalansi yezithuba. Le yimiqathango yokuziphatha, indlela elungileyo ekufuneka umntu alandele ukuze athole ukukhanya. Injongo yedharma kukubambisana komphefumlo kunye nenyaniso, efezekiswe ngokuqinisekileyo.
Yintoni i-dharma?
Kwiimibhalo zesiBuddha igama elithiSanskrit elithi dharma lisetyenziswe ngentsingiselo ezimbini:
- Eqhelekileyo e-India yakudala, ibhaliwe nencwadi enkulu, ithetha "umthetho".
- UBuddhist. Awuguquli, upelo ngetale encinci
Ukunikezelwa kwezi ngcamango, kukho iingcaciso ezininzi ezichazela umxholo "we-dharma." Isiseko esilandelayo: sinika intlonelo, sicebisa indlela yokuphila ngokuvisisana nayo yonke indawo kwaye sineliseke. Kuthetha ntoni dharma?
- Ukulandela injongo yethu, umsebenzi kummandla wendalo.
- Ukuphucula umgangatho, ukunxibelelana kunye namaQumrhu aPhakamileyo.
- Ukunyaniseka kwimigaqo yokuziphatha.
- Ukuphuhliswa kobuqu bakhe obuphezulu kunye nokuncitshiswa kwezantsi.
- Umthetho wokuziphatha wehlabathi.
I-Dharma inceda umntu afikelele kuThixo, ubizwa nangokuthi ukulinganisa phakathi kokuphelelisa ngokomoya nangokwenyama. Njengoko imfundiso yaseNdiya ithi, ubomi obulungileyo bunemiba emine:
- ukugcina (tampu);
- ubunyulu (shauch);
- mfesane (ngokukhawuleza)
- ubulungisa (satya).
Dharma eBuddhism
Eli gama litshilwa kwiinkonzo ezahlukeneyo. NgamaBuddha, i-dharma ithathwa njengencazelo ebalulekileyo, imbonakalo yemfundiso kaBuddha-inyaniso ephezulu. Kukho inkcazo yokuba uBuddha ubonayo wonke umntu oyingqayizivele, ngoko akukho nto iququzelelwe ngokubanzi ye-dharma esebenza kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo. Kukhona kuphela ukufundisa, inxalenye ethile yamakholwa-eyakhe. Yintoni i-dharma eBuddhism?
- ukuziphatha, okufuneka abantu bazame ukufezekisa;
- ubunzima bezinto zokugqibela, bahlula ukuhamba okuyingcwele kwendalo yonke.
Dharma kwiHindu
Ngokokuqala ngqa, iHindu gurus ekhankanywe ngokucacileyo kwiimibhalo zasendulo, umbhali uRamacharitamanasa Tulsidas wambiza ukuba ungumthombo wenceba. Yintoni i-dharma kwisiHindu?
- Ikhowudi yemithetho yendalo yonke, ebona oko, umntu uyavuya.
- Umthetho wokuziphatha kunye nokuqeqeshwa ngokomoya.
- Isiseko sabakholwayo, kukuba kukuba zonke izidalwa zikaThixo emhlabeni.
Ingqwalasela ekhethekileyo ihlawulwa ekufundiseni loo mbono njengedata yokuphila kwentsapho . Ngokutsho kweZibhalo zeVedic, ukuba umntu ohlala kwintsapho uyayilandela kwaye enze umsebenzi wakhe, uThixo uya kumbuyekeza ngokupheleleyo. Kuba umfazi:
- uthembeke, akwazi ukukhonza umyeni wakhe;
- xabisa izihlobo zeqabane;
- ukuxhasa intloko yentsapho kuyo yonke into, landela indlela yakhe.
Umyeni:
- khusela umfazi kuzo zonke iimeko;
- ukuba uthembeke;
- ukubonelela iqabane kunye nabantwana;
- kuba yinkokeli yokomoya yentsapho.
Dharma kwi nkwenkwezi
Abavumbuli beenkwenkwezi baye benza igalelo labo, bachaza ingcamango ye "dharma." Kwizenzululwazi zemizimba yasezulwini, izindlu ezibonisa ubuntu bomntu, iinombolo 1, 5 neye-9 ziziindlu ezifanelekileyo kwi-horoscope. Ukuba banamandla, ngoko umntu unikwe ubungqina obukhulu kunye nobuchule. Iindlu ze-dharma zichonga ukuba karma inomdla kangakanani umntu. Injongo ephambili yomntu wokuzalwa kukulandela i-dharma, kunye neentsika ezintlanu zokufundisa zingamnceda:
- ulwazi;
- lungisa;
- nomonde;
- nya niseka;
- uthando.
Iindidi zeDharma
Kukho ama-dharmas ama-5 kwimfundiso eguqulelwe ngokuthi "imigaqo yokuziphatha": "
- Musa ukulimaza zonke izinto eziphilayo.
- Yeka ukukhetha okokunikezelwa ngokuzithandela.
- Gwema ukungcola nokusetyenziswa kakubi kwezinye izidalwa.
- Ukugcina ukuxoka, ukulwa nemithombo yalo: ukunqamana, inzondo kunye noyiko.
- Musa ukusela utywala kunye neziyobisi, okukhokelela ekulahlekelweni kolwazi. Kwezinye ihlabathi ezibiza ubuBuddha, le nto iguqulelwe njengento yokuziyeka ngokupheleleyo, kwezinye iyingqinelana.
Uyazi njani i-dharma yakho?
Abantu abaninzi bayazibuza: indlela yokuchaza njani i-dharma? I-Vedas iyacetyiswa ukuba ikhokelwe yesazela kunye nemilinganiselo yabo, kungekhona ngenzuzo, kuba, into ebaluleke kakhulu ebomini, umntu kufuneka azenzele yena ngokwakhe. Iingcali zenzululwazi ziye zachonga iintlobo ezi-5 zedharmic ezinceda "ukuzama" kuzo:
- Ukukhanyisa : izazinzulu, ootitshala, oogqirha, abefundisi. Ubungqina: imfesane, ubulumko.
- Umkhosi : umkhosi, oopolitiki, amagqwetha. Ubungqina: isibindi, ukujonga.
- Umrhwebi : oomashishini, abashishini. Ubungakanani: inceba, amandla.
- Umsebenzi : abagcisa, abasebenzi. Ubungqina: ukuzinikela, ukunyamezela.
- Ukuvukela : ukukwazi ukuvalela, uthando lwenkululeko.
Ivili leDharma - lithetha
Ivili le-dharma libizwa ngokuba ngumqondiso ongcwele we-Buddhist imfundiso, abaphandi banoluvo lokuba lo mfanekiso wokuqala. Ivili livela kwi-5 ukuya kwe-8 izithethi, kwezinye zeemidwebo eziseduze nayo zikhona iindumbu. Kwinkcubeko yamandulo yaseNdiya kwakuthetha ukukhuselwa, kwiBuddha yinto engumqondiso kaBuddha. Kukho umqondo othi "ukujika isondo se-dharma," ithi uBuddha akazange afundise yena ngokwakhe, ukufundisa kwakhe njengevili, isishukumo esiqhubekayo kunye neminyaka emininzi kamva.
- Ukujika kokuqala kwesondo kuchazwe kwipaki yezilwane, apho uBuddha exelela malunga nekarma.
- Okwesibini ku-Rajgir, apho uThixo wafundisa abantu uPrajnaparamita.
- Ukujika kwesithathu kwevili le-dharma kwenzeka kwiidolophu ezahlukileyo, xa uBuddha efundisa imfihlo iMantrayana kuphela ngabafundi abaneetalente.