I-Anesthesia ngexesha lokubeletha kunceda umfazi ukuba atshintshe inkqubo yokubonakala komntwana ekukhanyeni. Ukuphuhliswa kobugcisa be-anesthesia kunciphisa umngcipheko weengxaki . Makhe sihlolisise ngokubanzi iinkqubo ze-anesthesia ngexesha lokunikezelwa, fumana ukuba zeziphi iintlobo ezikhethwayo, kunye nendlela yokwenza izilonda zomsebenzi xa zibeleka ngexesha lokubeleka ngaphandle kweyeza.
Ngaba u-anesthesia ngexesha lokubeletha?
Ukuzalwa ngaphandle kweentlungu kungekudala kubonakala kungenakwenzeka. Nangona kunjalo, uphuhliso lwamachiza luvumela umfazi okhulelweyo ukuba abe ngunina phantse ngokungenabuhlungu. Oku kudala iimeko zokududuza okukhulu, okunciphisa ukuphuhliswa kweemeko ezixinzelelekileyo, ukuphelisa ukwesaba. Ukunciphisa ngokupheleleyo i-syndrome yeentlungu, kwaye kunye nayo iyalala kunye nokwesaba kwinqanaba elincinci.
Kufuneka ukuba uqaphele ukuba i-anesthesia ngexesha lokubeletha ngezinye izihlandlo. Ngaphandle kwe-anesthesia, ukuhanjiswa akubizi kwiindleko ezingapheliyo. Ngoko, oogqirha banciphisa ubunzima bomama xa bebeletha, banciphisa ngokupheleleyo ukukhathazeka kwengqondo. Konke oku kukuchaphazela ngokukhawuleza ukukhawuleza kwexesha lokubuyisela kunye nobude balo.
I-Anesthesia ngexesha lokubeletha - "ngokuba" kunye "nokuchasene"
Abafazi bonke abakhulelweyo bakhetha umsebenzi olula ngaphandle kwentlungu. Uninzi luchasene ne-aneshesia kule xesha. Ukutshatyalaliswa kwabo kwangaphambi kokusuleleka kudibene nefuthe elibi kwi-fetus ye-anesthetic component. Ukongezelela, abafazi abakhulelweyo bayaqiniseka ukuba usana olune-anesthesia aluyi kukwazi ukulungelelanisa imeko engqongileyo. Nangona kunjalo, iindlela zanamhlanje ze-anesthesia ziquka ngokupheleleyo ukufumaneka kwezinto ezidweliswe.
Uphononongo olutshanje olwenziwe kwizibilini luye lwafakazela ukuba ukuphulukana kwentlungu efanelekileyo kunye nokunikezelwa ngexesha elifanelekileyo, ukuthotyelwa kwamayeza, kuncitshiswe uphuhliso lweengxaki. Ukuthetha nge-analgesia ngexesha lokubeletha, oogqirha babiza ezi ngongoma ezilandelayo:
- ukunciphisa intlungu yesifo;
- ukupheliswa kwengcinezelo;
- ukukhusela i- hypoxia yobusana .
Kodwa njengaye nayiphi na inkqubo yonyango, i-injection ye-anesthetic ekubelethweni inokuphazamiseka:
- ukuphuhliswa kweempembelelo ezithintekayo;
- ku thathaka ko msebenzi.
Uhlobo lwe-anesthesia kwiintlobo okanye ngokusebenza
Iindlela ze-aneshesia ngexesha lokubeletha, kuxhomekeke kwiindlela kunye nezindlela ezisetyenziswayo, zidla ngokuhlukana zibe:
- iindlela ezingaqhelekanga;
- mayeza;
- anesthesia yesithili.
Ukukhethwa kwendlela ye-anesthesia kubangelwa imeko yomntwana kunye nomfazi okhulelweyo. Oogqirha bacinga ukuba kungenzeka ukusebenzisa i-anesthesia, ukuqwalasela:
- kwexesha lokubamba;
- inani leziqhamo;
- ukungabikho kokuchasene kwabasetyhini abakhulelweyo.
Izindlela ezingezizo ze-pharmacological ze-analgesia zokubeletha
I-anesthesia engeyiyo iziyobisi ekuzalweni kokuzalwa ayifaki ngokupheleleyo ukusetyenziswa kwamachiza. Kule meko, oogqirha basebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zengqondo, i-physiotherapy, ukuphefumla okufanelekileyo . Ngoko kunokwenzeka ukuphazamisa loo ntokazi kwintlungu yesininzi kangangoko kunokwenzeka, ukunciphisa intlungu ehambelana nenkqubo yokuvula intamo , ukuxosha umntwana. Phakathi kweendlela eziqhelekileyo:
- I-Psychoprophylaktka - iqhuba izifundo apho owesifazane okhulelwe aziswa kwizinto ezikhethileyo zenkqubo yokubeleka, ufundiswa ukuphumla, ukuphefumla, i-tuzhitsya.
- Ukuhlambalaza kwendawo yesigxina kunye ne-sacrum - kunciphisa intlungu, kunceda ukufudula ixesha lokuphuphuma komlomo wesibeleko kulula.
- Inkqubo yokuphefumula - inceda ukuphumla, kungekhona ukuva intlungu.
- Ukwenziwa komzimba - ukufakwa kweenaliti ezikhethekileyo ngexesha lokubeleka kunceda ekunciphiseni uxinzelelo lwengqondo, lungiselela umfazi okhulelweyo ukuzala.
- Ukuhlamba okufudumalayo - ukunciphisa ithoni ye-uterine musculature, ukukhawuleza inkqubo yokuvula, ukunciphisa ubuhlungu.
Izindlela zonyango ze-analgesia zokubeletha
Njengoko igama libonisa, iindlela ezinjalo ze-anesthesia ziquka ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi. I-analgeic for analgesia yokubeletha ikhethwe ngabanye. Kumele kuthathelwe ingqalelo ukuba ezi ziyobisi ziyakwazi ukungena kumngcipheko we-placental, ngoko zingasetyenziswa kuphela kwixesha elithile labasebenzi kunye nomyinge oqeshwe ngugqirha. Ngokwendlela yokulawulwa kwe-anesthétic, kuyisiko ukuhlukanisa:
- I-aneshesia. Iyakubonisa ukuqaliswa kweziyobisi ngokuthe ngqo kwi-bloodstream jikelele, ekhokelela ekuqeshweni ngokupheleleyo kwengqondo. Isiguli sigxininise ekuphumeni, ngelixa uvelwano lukhutshwa.
- Epidural anesthesia. Iyakubonisa ukuqaliswa kweziyobisi kummandla wentambo yomgogodla. Ngenxa yoko, ukuhanjiswa kweentsholongwane zentsholongwane ukusuka kwiindawo eziphantsi zomzimba kuvaliwe.
- Inhalation anesthesia. I-Anesthetic ifakwe kwi-tract tract.
I-anesthesia yezokwelapha yokubeletha ithintela ngokuqinisekileyo ukuvuselelwa kowesifazane. Umama ozayo akayi kutya, uxinzelelo lwengqondo luhambelana nokuziswa okuzayo. Imigaqo yamanje ye-anesthesia ekubelekeni inezinzuzo ezininzi, phakathi kwazo:
- ulawulo olupheleleyo lwenkqubo yokuhambisa;
- ukungabikho kwemiphumo emibi;
- impembelelo encinci kumntwana.
Izindlela Zanamhlanje zobuhlungu obubuhlungu
I-anesthesia yanamhlanje yokuzalwa ayifaki ngokupheleleyo ukuphuhliswa kweengxaki ezinxulumene nokusetyenziswa kwamachiza ngexesha lokunikezelwa. Kule meko, umphumo weziyobisi ze-anesthetic kwi-fetus ngokwawo incinci. Kunceda ukubeletha umntwana onempilo, ukhawuleze iinkqubo zokubuyiselwa komzimba wesetyhini ngexesha lokugqibela. Phakathi kweendlela eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenzisiweyo ezisetyenziswa ngokubanzi ze-anesthesia:
- anesthesia ;
- ukukhusela i-pudendal (ukuqaliswa kwe-anesthetic kummandla wentsholongwane ye-pudendal);
- Ukuqaliswa kweziyobisi kwiimfucu zomdanso wokuzalwa (kunciphisa ukuqonda, kunciphise ukunyameka xa usulela umntwana ngedaka lokuzalwa).
I-Anesthesia ekuzalweni - i-anesthesia ye-epidural
I-epidural anesthesia ngexesha lokubeleka lixhaphakile ngenxa yokusebenza kakuhle, ukungabi nethonya kumntwana. Ngexesha elifanayo, kunokwenzeka ukuqinisekisa ukukhululeka kwindoda ebesemsebenzini. Isilwayo sijojowe kummandla phakathi kwe-3 kunye ne-4 ye-vertebrae ye-lumbar. Ukuvala ukutshatyalaliswa kwemisipha ye-nervous excludes feelings of pain. Umfazi ngokwakhe uyazi kwaye uyava ukukhala kokuqala kwentsana yakhe, njengokuzalwa komntwana.
Nangona kunjalo, le ntlukwano ngexesha lokubeletha linokungaphumeleli. Phakathi kweyona ndawo:
- ukungaziphathi kakuhle komama onobudlelwane obubi;
- Ukwandisa ixesha lokuxothwa komntwana;
- umngcipheko we-hypoxia ebonakalayo kumntwana ngenxa yokwehla okunamandla kwixinzelelo legazi kumama.
I-analgeous analtraia ngexesha lokubeletha
Ama-painkillers awanakuthi alawulwe ngendlela engaphaya. Oku kubangelwa umngcipheko ophezulu weengxaki. Emva kokusebenzisa uninzi lwama-anesthetics, kukho ukwehla kumsebenzi, ukuphuhliswa kwe-inhibition, eyonakalisa kakubi inkqubo yokunikezelwa. Ukongezelela, kukho ithuba lokunciphisa ithoni yezakhiwo zamascle, ezimbi ukukhutshwa kwe-fetal: ukulwa kubuthathaka, kube nobude obufutshane kunye nobukhulu.
I-anesthesia yemvelo ngexesha lokubeletha
Ukucinga malunga nendlela yokuzala abantwana, abesifazana bahlala behlangana neendlela zendalo ze-anesthesia. Ezi ndlela zithintela ngokupheleleyo ukusebenzisa iziyobisi, zikhuselekile umntwana kunye nonina. Isenzo sabo sijolise ekuphumuleni. Phakathi kwazo:
- ukusetyenziswa komculo wonyango;
- ukuxutywa kwendawo yesilwanyana;
- umsebenzi wemoto.
Indlela yokulungiselela ukuhambisa ngaphandle kwentlungu?
Xa sicinga ngeendlela zokusebenzela abasebenzi, kuyimfuneko ukuthetha indlela efanelekileyo yokuziphucula. Xa sele esazi kakuhle ezo zakhono, ibhinqa liya kukwazi ukunciphisa imeko yakhe ngexesha lokubeletha. Kufuneka ufunde oku kwangaphambili, kwimeko yokuzala umntwana. Ukuze ukwazi ukulawula umzimba wakho oyifunayo:
- Yamkela isikhundla esiphambili.
- Ukuphefumula kufuneka kuphuculwe kwaye kugxininiswe.
- Ukuphakamisa umlenze omnye, ngoko ke, uziva uxinzelelo.
- Cima iqela elinye, ke enye.
Xa uvakalelwa ukuxhatshazwa, kuyimfuneko ukulungisa izihlunu iintsuku ezingama-5-10, uze ukhulule. Njalo kwesebe ngalinye lomzimba, ngokukhawuleza usebenzisa imisipha yomva, imilenze, isisu, izandla, i-pelvis. Ezi ndlela ze-anesthesia ngexesha lokubeletha ziya kunceda umfazi ekusebenzeni ngokukhululekileyo ngexesha eliphakathi kokuphambana, ukuphumla nokuqhubeka nenkqubo. I-Rhodorazorazhenie ngokwayo iya kuba nzima kakhulu, kwaye iingxaki ezinjengokugqitywa kwesisu kunye ne-perineum, ziya kugwenywa.