Ubuchule bobuchopho ngenye yezilwanyana ezinobungozi kakhulu, ngelixa ziba zixhaphake ngakumbi, kubandakanywa nabantu abaphakathi. Ukugxekwa kwesi sifo kunqunywe ngokukhawuleza kokubonelela ngononophelo olufanelekileyo lwezonyango kunye nokunyamekelwa kweso sigulane.
I-infraction ye-cerebral - yintoni na?
Isifo esicatshulwayo sisifo se-kliniki esichukumisayo, esibonakaliswe yimisebenzi yengqondo engaphumeleli ngenxa yokupheliswa kwegazi kwisebe layo. Ubume kunye nobukhulu belilonda lungahluka. Xa igazi lingafikeleli kwiingcambu zengqondo, kungakhathaliseki ukuba yintoni yokubangela, i-hypoxia (i-oksijini yindlala) kunye nezinye izifo ezibangelwa yintsholongwane, utshintsho lwe-pathobiochemical, ziyabonakala. Ezi nkqubo, ezibizwa ngokuthi "i-ischemic cascade", zikhokelela kumonakalo ongenakunqunyulwa kwi-neurons echaphazelekayo nokufa kwabo-isifo.
Xa i-cerebral cerebral ephazamisayo ivela, indawo yenziwe ngeenxa ye-necrosis foci, apho ukuphuma kwegazi kuphazamiseka, kodwa ayizange ifinyelele kumgangatho obalulekileyo ("i-penumbra ye-ischemic"). Kulo mmandla, i-neurons ayengakaphendululwa kwimiba yokuziphatha, kwaye ixesha elithile ligcina umsebenzi walo. Ukuba unyango luqaliswa ngexesha (kungekudala emva kweeyure ezingama-3-6 emva kokuhlaselwa), ukujikeleza kwegazi kuqhelekileyo, izicubu zomzimba zibuyiselwa. Ukungabikho kwonyango, la maseli aqala nokufa.
Uthini umahluko phakathi kwe-infrection ye-cerebral kunye ne-stroke ye-cerebral?
Abaninzi banomdla ukuba ingaba "i-cerebral infarction" ne "stroke" zilingana, yintoni umehluko phakathi kwabo. Igama elithi "elingenanto" kwiyeza, elithetha i-necrosis yezicubu ngenxa yokungabi nalutho lwegazi, lisebenza kwizitho ezininzi, kanti "ukubetha" kuthetha enye, kodwa kuphela kwingqondo. Oku kwahlukileyo kwimiba kuthathwa ukuze kuphephe ukudideka, ngoko ukuphazamiseka kwe-cerebral kunye ne-brain stroke zifana.
I-Lacunar infarction yengqondo - yintoni na?
Phantse iipesenti ezingamashumi amabini zenze i-lacunar i-cerebral infarction, ebonakala ngokubonakala kancinci kwezinto ezincinci kwiindawo ezinzulu ze-hemispheres okanye kwi-trunk region. Ubungakanani obukhulu beethambo ezichaphazelekayo ngu-1.5-2 cm ububanzi. Ukukhubazeka kubangelwa kukutshatyalaliswa kweemibhobho ezincinane ezondla le mimandla yengqondo. Emva koko, kwisiza sezinto ezifayo, i-cyst yenziwe, igcwele i-cerebrospinal fluid. Imfundo enjalo, njengommiselo, ayiyingozi yaye ayiyikukhuphaza iingxaki ezinkulu.
Ukutshatyalaliswa okukhulu kwesiberebhu
Xa kukho i-cerebral infarct ephazamisayo, oko kuthetha ukuba utshintsho olunezitsholongwane luchaphazela imimandla emikhulu ye-hemispheres ngenxa yokuphelelwa kwegazi ukuhamba komnye weetriyari ze-carotid. Kuxhomekeke kukuphi i-hemispheres echaphazelekayo (kwesobunxele okanye ekunene), loo ntsholongwane ye-cerebral ineempembelelo ezahlukeneyo. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ukugxekwa kwale hlobo lokukhubazeka akubi.
I-Cerebral infarction - ibangela
I-cerebral infarction ehambelana nokulimala kwe-cerebral vascular often does not occur in a sudden, ngexesha elifanayo, kodwa ikhula kancane kancane phambi kwezifo ezithile kunye nezidalwa eziphambili. Ukubanjwa kweenqwelo ze-cerebral kungabangela ukuba:
- i-thrombi (i-blood clots);
- zatshatyalaliswa iipatros atherosclerotic;
- iziqhekeza zezidumbu eziphazamisekileyo;
- umoya we-intravascular embolus;
- i-fat fat.
Ukongezelela, i-blood circulation disorder iyakwenzeka xa ubugqwetha beempahla buphulwa okanye ngenxa ye-spasm yabo ende. Iziganeko zeCausal zidla ngokuba:
- xi nzelelo ;
- i-atherosclerosis;
- endocarditis ye rheumatic;
- isicic heart disease ;
- Ukungaphumeleli kwentliziyo kunye nexinzelelo elincinci;
- fayili
- migraine;
- isifo sikashukela;
- izifo ze-hematological;
- ukukhubazeka kweentlobo zentuthuko;
- izicubu zesisu;
- i-osteochondrosis yomkhuhlane wesibeletho;
- bunzima bomzimba;
- uxinzelelo;
- ukusetyenziswa kakubi kotywala;
- ukutshaya;
- ukungabi nokuhamba;
- ukugqithiswa ngokomzimba, njl
Ubuchule bobuchopho - iimpawu kunye nemiphumo
I-Ischemic cerebral infarction kunye nezilonda zendawo encinci yeengxube zamatye kwezinye iimeko kunzima ukuyiqonda ngenxa yokukhukuliseka kweempawu, kodwa nge-lesion-scale scale, imifanekiso yekliniki ichazwa, kwaye imiphumo ayiyiki ngaphandle kwesiphumo esibulalayo malunga nama-40 ekhulwini kumaxhoba. Ukuba uncedo lunikwa ngexesha elifanelekileyo, amathuba okufumana iziphumo ezihle kakhulu.
Ubuchule beengqondo - iimpawu
Nge-infraction ye-cerebral, ngamanye amaxesha iimpawu zifanekisela, zibonakala kwizigulane ezininzi kusasa okanye ebusuku ngenxa yeeyure eziliqela kunye neentsuku ngaphambi kokuhlaselwa. Ngokuqhelekileyo oku kuku:
- utywala obunzima obuhambisana nobumnyama emehlweni;
- ukuphazamiseka kuyo nayiphi na inxalenye yesigxina okanye esezantsi;
- ukuphazamiseka kwexesha elifutshane.
Sichaza iimpawu eziphambili ze-infrectional cerebral, ezinye zazo zibonwa kulolu hlobo okanye uhlobo lwentsholongwane:
- ukulahlekelwa kwengqondo;
- isicupunu, ukuhlanza;
- intloko;
- uvakalelo olushushu lokushisa;
- zixhala;
- ubuthathaka obunamandla;
- i ziphene;
- mbono o
- uvakalelwa;
- isimo esingekho ngokomoya;
- ukulahleka kobubele kwimilenze;
- ukulahleka kwememori;
- ukunyuswa okungalawulwayo;
- Ubuso obuthathekayo kwicala elinye, njl.
Ubungakanani bemiphumo yengqondo
Ukuxilongwa kwe-"cerebral infarction" kunokukhokelela kwezinye izifo ezininzi, eziqhelekileyo phakathi kwazo:
- pneumonia;
- i-thromboembolism ye-pulmonary artery;
- ukuhluleka kwentliziyo;
- i-edema yengqondo;
- izilonda zoxinzelelo;
- ukungahambi;
- ukuphulwa kwentetho, ukubona, ukuva;
- ukuwohloka komsebenzi wengqondo;
- ukuxhwaba;
- coma;
- ukulahleka kwememori.
I-cerebral infarction - unyango
Ukuba ukubonakaliswa kufumaneka kumntu osondeleyo onokubonisa ukuphazamiseka kwe-cerebral, kufuneka ufune ngokukhawuleza ugqirha oogqirha uze unike ixhoba lokuqala uncedo:
- ukubeka isigulane emhlane wakhe, ukubeka i-roller encane ehlombe lakhe, emahlombe kunye nentloko;
- ukulahla iingubo ezinqabileyo, izesekeli;
- unikeze umoya omtsha;
- xa ukuhlanza - vula ikhanda lakho kwelinye icala, coca i-airways yohlanza;
- ukulinganisa uxinzelelo lwegazi.
Izigulane ezifunyaniswa ngokuba ne-infraction ye-cerebral ziphathwa ngeendlela ezilandelayo:
- ngokuqhelekileyo imisebenzi yokuphefumula;
- ukuzinzisa umsebenzi wenhliziyo;
- ukulawula uxinzelelo lwegazi;
- ukulawulwa kwamanqanaba eetyuwa yamanzi, izinga le-glucose;
- ukugcina ukushisa komzimba;
- ukunciphisa i -edema yebherebhu ;
- unyango olusisigxina ngokuya kwiimpawu zeklinikhi;
- ukuthintelwa kweengxaki.
Izigulane kunye neentsapho zabo kufuneka zithintele unyango lwangexesha elide, ube nomonde, kholelwa ekuphiliseni kwaye ulandele zonke iingcebiso zonyango, okwandisa ithuba lokuphumelela. Kwezinye iimeko, ukungenelela kwe-neurosurgical kuyadingeka ukuba kubuyiselwe ubuchule be-vascular, kodwa ngokuthe rhoqo kufuneka unyango olusisigxina kuphela. Ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi kuqukwa namaqela alandelayo:
- i-antiplatelet agents (Aspirin);
- i-anticoagulants (i-Heparin, i-Warfarin);
- iziyobisi zeNootropic (iCerebrolysin, iPyracetam);
- i-calcium antagonists (i-Nimotop, i-Akatinol);
- kuthetha ukuphucula izakhiwo ze-rheological zegazi (Reopoliglyukin, Pentoxifylline);
- izidakamizwa ze-hypotensive (lisinopril, iFurosemide);
- i-antidepressants (i-Fluoxetine, i-Amitriptyline);
- izidakamizwa zokunciphisa i-lipid (rosuvastatin, simvastatin).
I-cerebral infarction - ukuvuselelwa
I-infraction ye-cerebral ebangelwa yimimandla eyahlukeneyo idinga ixesha lokubuyisela ixesha elide, ngexesha apho ininzi yemisebenzi yengqondo elahlekileyo ingabuyiselwa. Ukubuyiselwa emva kwalokhu kuphila kubandakanya amanyathelo alandelayo:
- physiotherapy (iiparafini, i-electrostimulation, njl);
- gymnastics yokwelapha;
- ukusilisa;
- zengqondo zengqondo;
- ukuqhuba ukubuyisela intetho;
- ukuqeqeshwa kwememori yokusebenza (ukukhumbula iindinyana, imidlalo yeetheyibhile kunye nezinto zokukhumbula);
- ukulungelelaniswa kwezentlalo (ukukhangela izinto zokuzilibazisa, ukutyelela kwiithala, imibukiso).