Ukugcoba umgudu ngokuphindaphindiweyo kubangela intlungu. Imfundo yayo iyafana nabantu abaneminyaka engama-30-50 ubudala. Ukuze kupheliswe, iindlela zokugqirha nokungaxilongo zinganconywa, ukhetho luxhomekeke kwizibangela kunye nemeko yesigulane.
I-disniated discs - yintoni na?
Zonke ii-vertebrae zihlukaniswe ngama-discs - iipayipi zangaphambili ezikhusela ithambo emonakalweni ngexesha lokunyakaza kwaye zinikezela ukuguquguquka kwazo zonke iposi. Ziqukethe iindawo ezimbini - i-kernel ye-pulp (okuphakathi kweemiliquid) kunye neendandatho (fibreous ring). I-intervertebral hernia yenziwa ngenxa yokulimala kwidiski kunye ne-bulging yecandelo leplastiki elinyanzela ukuphela kweentsholongwane zentambo yomthambo.
Oku kukhokelela ekuveleleni okungahambi kakuhle, ukunyuka kobubele bezitho kunye nokungasebenzi kwemisebenzi yezitho zangaphakathi. Ngokuvakalayo kukho ummandla we-intervertebral wendawo ye-lumbar, kwiindawo zentsimbi kunye neentloko ezibonakalayo. Kuba ukuvela akuyimfuneko imithwalo emininzi, ngamanye amaxesha ukunyanzelisa ngokungenamkhethe, ngokukodwa xa kubakho izinto ezichukumisayo.
I-Hernia ye-spin - izizathu
Imfuno ebalulekileyo yokuphuhliswa kwengxaki yile:
- kyphosis ;
- osteochondrosis ;
- nkosi ;
- ixhoba lomgudu;
- i-scoliosis ;
- ukubetha ngamandla okanye ukuwa emva.
I-hernia ye-vertebral iyakucasulwa ngamanye, izinto ezicacileyo:
- UPawulos. Abasetyhini banokukwazi ukuhlangabezana nosizi.
- Umsebenzi ophantsi. Amandla aqhubayo ngenxa yeengxube ezisezantsi, ukuba azinako ukunyakaza okufunekayo, ngoko umlayini ophakathi kwe-vertebrae uba namandla kakhulu.
- Ubukhulu ngaphezu kwe-170 cm kunye neminyaka engama-30.
- Isisindo esiphezulu.
- Ukutshaya.
- Ukuxutywa.
- Ukungabi nokuhamba-sebenza kwikhompyutheni, ukuqhuba imoto, ukuphulwa kwe-posture.
- Ubukhulu obuphezulu bokuqeqeshwa - umthwalo ogqithiseleyo womsebenzi okanye ukunyakaza ngokukhawuleza ngaphandle kokufudumala kungakhokelela kumonakalo kwimbumba enobumba.
I-Herniated spine - iimpawu
Ubonakaliso obalulekileyo bubuhlungu, obuyahlukahluka ngokubhekiselele kwindawo yendawo yesilonda. Ukuba kukho i-hernia ye-vertebral, iimpawu zokungazinzi ziyakongezwa ngokuphulwa kwemisebenzi yezinye izitho:
- ukungaphumeleli kwimimiselo yokukhupha;
- uxinzelelo lwemisipha;
- ukunciphisa ububele.
I-Herniated lumbar spine
Ukuvalelwa kwintlungu kule meko kubukhali kwaye kuyatshisa, oku kungenxa yempembelelo enamandla kwiingcambu zentliziyo, ehlangene. Ininzi idla ngokuchaphazela umva womzimba. I-Herniated lumbar spine ibonakala:
- intlungu engaphantsi kweenyanga ezintathu;
- kunzima kweenzwane;
- ukubetha okanye ukubetha emlenzeni;
- ukulahlekelwa kwintlungu kwi-groin;
- ukukhathazeka enyaweni, entanyeni, emlenzeni ophantsi, okanye kwisitye;
- ukuphazanyiswa kwamalungu epilvic.
I-Hernia ye-thoracic umgudu
Le ngxaki ibangela ezinye iingxaki ekuxilongweni, kuba ixhomekeke njengeentliziyo okanye izifo zesisu. Ubuhlungu kwi-hernia yomgudu kusekho esifubeni, kodwa kunokuhlahla kwisisu esisentla. Ezinye izibonakaliso zezibonakalisi zi:
- ukubetha, ukugubungela, okanye ukuguqulwa kwisifuba, isisu, iingalo, okanye umva;
- ukukhubazeka ngaphantsi kwendawo echaphazelekayo - inxalenye okanye igqibeleleyo;
- ubuthathaka kwezandla;
- iingxaki zesibindi, izitho zangasese kunye ne-rectum.
I-Hernia yomgudu ingazibonakalisa ngokwamandla ahlukeneyo, kuxhomekeke kwinqanaba lefuthe le diski ehlile kwiingcambu zomlenze okanye intambo yomgogodla. Indlela yokunyanga i-hernia intervertbral isinqunywe emva kokuxilongwa kunye nokufumanisa ubunzima besilonda. Ukuba inxalenye yesebe yonakalisiwe, ukukhubazeka okupheleleyo kunokwenzeka, apho kuphela intloko igcina imisebenzi yemoto, kodwa loo matyala awanqabile.
I-Herniated umlomo wesibeleko
Ulwaphulo-mthetho kweli sebe lwenzeka kwi-19% yamatyala, okwenza ukuba okwesibini ithandwa kakhulu. Ingozi kukuxhamlaniswa ngokusondeleyo kunye nezitho ezibalulekileyo zangaphakathi, ngoko ukulibaziseka kunyango kunokukhokelela kwiingxaki ezinzulu. Ukuba i-hernia yomgudu wesibeletho yenziwe, iimpawu zingasasazeka kuwo wonke umzimba:
- ukulahlekelwa kwesisa;
- Ukubonakalisa ubuhlungu emagxeni okanye entanyeni, ngokukhawuleza uzuza umlingana osisigxina;
- ukungcola;
- ingxolo ezindlebeni ;
- ubunzima bokuhambisa amahlombe nentamo;
- ukwanda kwentlungu ngexesha lokukhwehlela, ukuguqula okanye ukujika;
- intloko;
- uxinzelelo lwehla.
Ama-Syndromes of hernia of backbone
Zonke iimvakalelo ezingathandekiyo ezibangela i-hernia intervertbral, iimpawu ezithetha ngokucima iintsholongwane, ngaphandle kwenkqubela phambili yonyango. Ama-syndromes anokuhlakulela kwimvelaphi yawo, eya kuthi yenze ngakumbi imeko yezempilo.
- I-vertebral. Ngenxa yentlungu eqhubekayo, intambo yomgogodla iqala, okwandisa ubunzulu beentlungu. Abakuvumeli ukuba baqonde ngokupheleleyo, banciphise ukuhamba okuhambayo, ukukhawuleza ukuhamba, okubangela ukuba skewing ngendlela ephilileyo. Ubungakanani be-hernia yomgudu kunye nolwalathisi luchaphazela imiphumo. Xa zibonakaliswe kwintambo yomthambo, iingxaki zomsebenzi weengxenye ezixhunyiwe zomzimba ziyafumaneka.
- Okuqhelekileyo. Ukuba iingcambu zentambo yomthambo zinyanzelwa ixesha elide, ngoko ziya kufa. Isiphumo siya kutshabalalisa izondlo zesondlo kunye nokuqhubela phambili kwamandla okukhubazeka. Imisipha yemilenze ibuthathaka okokuqala, okwenza kube nzima ukuhlala nokunyuka izitebhisi, ngoko i-atrophy yabo ifika, ukukhubazeka kuya kwenzeka. Ukuqonda kwesikhumba kunciphisa, kwaye inkqubo yokukhupha ingaphazamiseka. Umsebenzi wezitho zeplavic zibuhlungu.
I-Herniated hernia - ukuxilongwa
Ukubona ukukhutshwa kwedisk kuvumela i-tomography - ikhomputha okanye i-imagination magontic resonance. Olu hlobo lokugqibela lukhethwayo, kuba bhetele lubonisa isimo samathambo athambileyo. Akubonisi nje kuphela i-hernia yomgudu, kodwa iphinde inikeze uvavanyo lwezinga lokunciphisa umgca we-spinal. Ukuba le ndlela ayimkelekanga, sebenzisa ukuhlukana kwemilography. I-hernia intervertbral isoloko ineempawu ezifana nezinye izifo. Ukuze ungabandakanyi kubo, ungadinga i-ECG, i- radiograph okanye i-gastroscopy.
Unyango lwe-hernia ye-intervertebral ngaphandle kokuhlinzwa
Kwezinye iimeko, ukuhlinzwa akudingekile, isiphumo esihle siza kwenzeka emva kokuthatha amayeza kunye nezinye iingcebiso zogqirha. Indlela yokunyanga umthambo womgudu kufuneka ugqitywe yicwecwe esekelwe kwisantya sesi sifo. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba ngaphandle kokonyango okanye ngokunganaki ukuqeshwa, ingxaki iqhubekela phambili, leyo eya kwenza ukuba kulungele ukutyelela itafile yokusebenza.
I-Hernia yonyango, unyango
Iskimu sikhethwe ngabanye, ngamanye amaxesha kuthethwa iingcebiso ngeengcali ezininzi. Ukuthatha unyango kunokuncedisa i-gymnastics kunye nomnxeba womgogodla okanye iinkqubo ezikhethekileyo. I-Monotherapy nayo inokwenzeka, kodwa iziphumo ezinzima zisetyenziswa rhoqo. La maqela alandelayo asetyenziswayo.
- NSAID. Kukho uhlobo lwe-ointments okanye iipilisi ( iDiclofenac , Ibuprofen, Indomethacin). Ngokukhawuleza ukuphelisa intlungu, kodwa ukulimaza isondlo sesisu, ngoko kusetyenziswa ngokudibanisa neziyobisi ezikhusela (Omeprazole, Almagel).
- Novocaine blockade. Ukuphelisa intlungu ebuhlungu, isiphumo sigcina iintsuku ezingama-20. Unyango lwe-hernia ye-intervertebral ngale ndlela ayiqhelekanga, kuba inokubangela ukuba i-atrophy yeigaments.
- Hondoprotectors. Ukusebenza kwinqanaba lokuqala kwesifo, ncedisa ukubuyisela izicubu zomzimba ( Teraflex , Structum).
- Ukuzihlaziya kwemizimba. Hlaziya i-musculature, ususe ama-spasms (Sirdalud, Midokalm).
- Corticosteroids. Basusa ukuvutha, kodwa abanako ukusetyenziswa ixesha elide (Decadron, Metiprednison).
I-Herniated spine - physiotherapy
Iinkqubo azifaki zodwa, zixhasa kuphela unyango olusisiseko. Ukuvelisa iziphumo ezilandelayo:
- ukukhuthazwa kweenkqubo zokuxilisa;
- ukuphucula i-microcirculation yegazi;
- ukukhawuleza kokubuyiswa;
- uncedo lweentlungu;
- ukuphelisa ubunzima beentlungu.
I-disc ye-Herniated iphathwa ngeendlela ezilandelayo.
- Electrophoresis. Inceda ukuhambisa iyeza kwisiza sokuvuvukala, isebenzisa ngoku ngqo.
- IPhonophoresis. Inkqubo ifana, kodwa i-ultrasound isetyenziswa.
- I-Electrostimulation. Ukubuyisela izihlunu kunye nokuqhelanisa ukuhamba kwe-lymph, isiphumo senziwa ngoncedo lokutshintshwa kwamanzi.
- Magnetotherapy. Akuyona indlela yokonyango, inceda kuphela ukuqinisa ukusetyenziswa kwamanye amayeza.
- Unyango lwe laser. Inceda ekunciphiseni ukuvuvukala nentlungu, kuphucula ukuvuselelwa.
Ukuzivocavoca nge-hernia yomgudu
Le ndlela isetyenziswe kuphela ekungabikho okanye emva kokususwa kwentlungu ebuhlungu. Unyango lwe-hernia yomgudu luquka uqeqesho oluhlelekile ngaphandle kwemithwalo enzima. Impembelelo ayifumanekanga ngokukhawuleza, i-dynamics iya kufuneka ihlolwe ngokuhlolwa rhoqo kwi-MRI. Zonke izinto zenziwa ngokusesikweni, ngokukhawuleza kwaye ngokukhawuleza. Kunconywa ukuphindaphinda kwama-10-12, ukuba kukho ukubandezeleka okanye ukuphazamiseka okukhulu kokuhamba, kubalulekile ukuyeka umsebenzi.
- Ukuphikisana kwengxenye ephezulu ye-trunk. Imisongo ebubanzi beemagxa, iingalo ziyawela esifubeni, umzimba uvela kuqala ukuya kwelinye, emva koko ukuya kwelinye icala. Ngaphantsi kwelinqeni, umzimba kufuneka uhlale uhleli.
- Ukucima ukulala. Isikhundla siyafana, inxalenye ephezulu yokuqala ibonisa ukushiya ngakwesobunxele, kuze kube sekunene. Ubungakanani obuphakanyisiweyo buphakanyisiwe, kodwa ngaphandle kobuhlungu.
- Vula iinqumle zakho. Imilenze ibonene, izandla zixinzelelwe ngeentende zisezantsi, zihlukane kancane kumacala. Xa uphendulela iinyawo zakho imilenze kufuneka ihlale kunye.
- Iinyawo ezinqabileyo. Isikhundla sifana nesangaphambili, imilenze kunye. Ziyashukunyiswa ngenye indlela okanye enye, ixinzelele iimbumba ze-lumbar kunye ne-lateral.
Ugqirha ukususa i-hernia yomgudu
Lo mlinganiselo ngowokugqibela xa iindlela zokuzigcina zingasebenzi. Oku kunokwenzeka ukuba unyango lukhawulezileyo kwaye ugqirha okanye ukungawuthobeli irejimen yeyeza. Ukuba imeko ibuhlungu, ukususwa kwe-hernia ye-intervertebral kuyakuba yedwa okukhethwa kukho. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba:
- unokufumana imiphumo;
- ngamanye amaxesha uncedo oluphindaphindiweyo olufunekayo
- idinga isigulane ukuba isebenze ukufumana ngokupheleleyo.
I-Herniated spine - iintlobo zemisebenzi
- Discectomy. Kufuneka ukuba isuse idisk - ngokupheleleyo okanye inxalenye. Yenziwa ngokunqunyulwa malunga ne-8 cm phantsi kwe-anesthesia jikelele. Kuthathwa njengendlela engapheliyo ngenxa yokuphucula okucothayo kunye nemfuneko yokunyango lwe-antibiotic iintsuku ezili-10 esibhedlele.
- Endoscopy. Iqhutywe nge-5 mm incision usebenzisa izixhobo ezincinci. Ukususwa kwengqolowa yomgudu ngale ndlela kuqhelekileyo, kuba akukho monakalo wemisipha, oqinisekisa ukuphulukiswa ngokukhawuleza. Umsebenzi ukhawuleza, ukhutshwe ngosuku olulandelayo. Kuthatha malunga neveki ezi-3 ukufumana kwakhona. Ingcipheko yengozi yokuphindaphinda kunye nesidingo se-anesthesia yomqolo.
- Microdiscectomy. Isixhobo si-4 cm, esenziwa phantsi kwe-microscope kunye ne-anesthesia jikelele. Ngokuqhelekileyo isetyenziswe, inzwa ikhutshwe ngaphandle kwemonakalo kwimisipha. Unceda ukususa ukuhlukulwa kwemininzi, kwisibhedlele sesigulane esishiyekileyo kungekho iintsuku ezi-3.
- Nucleoplasty. Indlela ekhoyo yamanje, i-hernia yomgudu ipheliswa phantsi kwe-anesthesia yendawo. Isiphumo senziwa yi-laser, i-plasma okanye i-radiofrequency mizilo ngokusebenzisa izilingo 2-3 mm ububanzi. Ngenxa yoko, uxinzelelo kwi-nerve liyancipha, intlungu iyaphela. Ukukhutshwa kwenziwa ngeeyure ezimbalwa. Ukulungele kuphela i-hernias ayikho ngaphezu kwe-7 mm.
I-Herniated hernia - ukubuyiselwa emva kokuhlinzwa
Isantya kunye nomgangatho wokubuyiselwa kuxhomekeke ekubuyiselweni okufanelekileyo. Emva kokususwa kwe-hernia yomgudu, indlela edibeneyo iyacetyiswa, iinqununu zayo zikhethwe ngabanye.
- Amachiza. Ziqeshwe ukuphelisa intlungu, ukukhawuleza ukuphilisa, ukuthintela ukuvela kweengxaki.
- Physiotherapy. Uphucula ukuphumelela kwezinye iindlela.
- Ukusebenzisa unyango. Ibuyisela umsebenzi we-muscle, iphucula ukuhamba kwe-vertebrae.
- Ukubuyiswa kweSanatorium. Ibonisa imigaqo yenkqubo - ibhafu, izicelo, ukuhlalisa.