Isizathu esibalulekileyo sokuhlaselwa kwintliziyo , ukubetha kunye nezinye ukulimala kwemithambo yegazi yi-atherosclerosis. Indima ephambili ekuphuhlisweni kweentlupheko idlaliswa yi- cholesterol (i-lipophilic alcohol), iimoleksi zazo ezifakwe kwiindonga zeetriyiti kunye nama-capillari ngendlela yamathala eninzi. Ingcamango yayo kufuneka iyancitshiswe ukukhusela kunye nokonyangwa kwe-atherosclerosis.
Statins - yintoni na?
Uninzi lwabantu abaphethwe zizifo zentliziyo ziyabona ukuba imithi ehlawulekayo yeepid iyalisebenzisa njengamachiza asebenzayo kunye nokhuseleko olunciphisa i-cholesterol. Oku akuyona inkcazelo yinyani. Ukuqonda ngokucacileyo ukuba yiyiphi imimiselo, kubalulekile ukwazi indlela yokwakha kunye nokujikeleza kwe-lipophilic alcohol, injongo kunye nomsebenzi.
I-cholesterol inokuveliswa ngaphakathi komzimba, kwaye ungenise ngaphandle, umzekelo, ngokutya. Le ngqungquthela yezinto eziyimfuneko kuyimfuneko:
- i-biosynthesis ye-corticosteroids kunye ne-hormone yesondo;
- ukukhuselwa kwe-erythrocytes kwi-hemolytic poisons;
- ukulawulwa kweeselingi;
- umveliso we-bile acid kunye namavithamini eqela D;
- ukuzinzisa kwimbumba yeplasma.
Umzimba womntu uvelisa iiprotheni eziyinkimbinkimbi - i-lipoproteins. Badlala indima yabathwali be-cholesterol molecules ukusuka kwesibindi ukuya kwiishuva nangemva. Iitatimins zithintela imveliso yee-enzyme ezandulela ukubunjwa kweepoprotein. Ngenxa yoko, inani le-cholesterol engena kwiimfucu liyancipha, kwaye umthamo wezothutho ohambelanayo uyanda. Ngenxa yoko, izinga elipheleleyo le-lipophilic yotywala emzimbeni linciphisa kakuhle. Ngexesha elifanayo, iziyobisi ezithathelwa ingqalelo zifaka isandla ekukhutsheni ngokukhuselekileyo kwezicubu ezinamafutha asele asele kunye neeplates ezitya.
Iitatimins kwi-cholesterol zilungile kwaye zibi
Kwanokuba izidakamizwa ezincitshisiweyo zepilisi zineempembelelo ezingalunganga, ngoko zithintele ukuba zikhethe kwaye zizithathele zona. Izitatimende zimiselwe kuphela ukuba kukho ubungqina obuchanekileyo bokusetyenziswa kwazo. Kwiimeko ezininzi, i-coleticol concentration ingancitshiswa kwezinye iindlela ezifanelekileyo nezikhuselekileyo. Ezi ziquka ukulungiswa kokutya, ukukhanyela imikhwa emibi, ukwanda kwinqanaba lomsebenzi wokwenyama kunye nokuqhelaniswa kolawulo lomsebenzi nokuphumla.
Iitatimins ezivela kwi-cholesterol zilungile
Iidakamizwa ezichazwayo ziyiyo yodwa inketho yokuthintela kunye nokonyango lwezilwanyana ezinobungozi ezinobungozi kakhulu, xa iindlela ezingekho kweziyobisi zingenakwaneleyo ngokwaneleyo. Izibonelelo zeemimiselo zilandelayo:
- ukunciphisa ingozi yokuhlaselwa kwentliziyo;
- ukuthintela ukuhlaselwa kwe-ischemic esingaphantsi kwexesha , imivimbo;
- ukuphuculwa kwentuthuko nokukhusela ukukhula kwe-atherosclerosis;
- ukuqheleka kwenhliziyo intsebenziswano kunye ne-angina, ischemic disease;
- ukukhululeka kweempawu zesifo sikashukela;
- ukulahleka kwesisindo kunye nokukhuluphala;
- ukubuthathaka kweenkqubo ezivuzayo kwiindonga ze-vascular;
- ukuzinzisa kwee- atherosclerotic plaques ;
- ukuxutywa kwegazi, okunciphisa umngcipheko wee-clots zegazi;
- ukuqhelanisa iinkqubo ze-metabolic emzimbeni;
- vasodilation.
Iitatimins ezivela kwi-cholesterol ziyimveliso ekhuselekileyo nekhuselekileyo yokukhawuleza ukuvuselelwa emva koko:
- ku vumela;
- u kuphazamiseka;
- utyando lwe-coronary surpass;
- angioplasty;
- i-myocardial infarction;
- ukuxhamla kwepommonism.
Ububi beemimiselo
Ingozi ebaluleke kakhulu yokusebenzisa la mayeza asemngciphekweni weempembelelo. Ngokuhambelana nokunciphisa ukuveliswa kweepoprotein, izidakamizwa ze-statin zinciphisa umveliso we-coenzymes Q10. Ezi zixhobo zamakhemikhali zinika amandla kumisipha yomzimba kunye nengqondo. Ngobunqongophala be-coenzymes, iingxaki ezilandelayo ziyabonwa:
- ukukhathala;
- ubuthathaka kunye nentlungu emiswini;
- ukuguquka nokugubha ngokukhawuleza kwixinzelelo legazi;
- ukungaphumeleli kwentliziyo;
- ukutshatyalaliswa kwezicubu zomzimba (rhabdomyolysis).
Kukho ezinye izinto ezimbi ezicatshulwa yimiphumo yesigxina zibandakanya:
- izifo zokulala;
- ukuphazamiseka kokuva kunye nobukhali beentlobo zengqondo;
- ukunciphisa inani leplatelet egazini;
- ukuguquka;
- ukuphuma ngegazi rhoqo;
- intlungu kwindawo yesipigastric;
- ukwanda kwexesha lokuhamba;
- iziphazamiso zesitopu;
- khulisa;
- ukuphulwa kwamanzi;
- iimpendulo ezithintekayo;
- ukungcola;
- isicefe
- ukukhwehlela;
- i-edema yedatha;
- Ukwanda kwesikhumba kwi-radiviolet;
- eczema;
- ubomvu kunye nokutshiza kwe-epidermis;
- ukuguquka;
- ukuhlanza;
- ukwanda kwexesha lokuphindaphinda kwe-asthma ye-bronchial;
- imeko zoxinzelelo;
- ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo;
- ukuguquka kwemizwelo;
- i-jaundice;
- pancreatitis;
- zixhala;
- ukunyanzeliswa kwe-arthritis ne-arthrosis;
- ukuguquka kwemizwelo;
- ukucaphuka;
- izilonda zamathambo ezinobuthi ezingabhubhisiyo;
- i-anorexia;
- ukuhlanza;
- ukucukucezwa nokucubungula kweziqendu eziphezulu zesikhumba;
- i hepatitis;
- ukuguqulwa kwamanqanaba eshukela egazi;
- ukunqotshwa nokuvuvukala kweentso.
Iimimiselo ezikhuselekileyo zinemiphumo emibi emininzi, kodwa zenzeka ngokugqithiseleyo kwaye zininzi kubantu abangayithobeli imithetho yokusebenzisa amayeza. Unyango olunee-lipid-downing medication lubandakanya ukulahlwa kotywala, ukutshaya, ukuzivocavoca rhoqo kunye nokutya okunempilo. Ukuba uhambelana nale mi miselo, iziphumo zecala ziphepheka kalula.
Izizukulwana zemimiselo
Izinto zokuqala zokunciphisa i-lipid zazingekho kwimveliso yendalo. Ngokusekelwe kula maqulunqa, izidakamizwa zeqela lovastatin zaphuhliswa. Iintsholongwane ezisele kunye nezizukulwana ezitsha zamachiza zenziwe ngamacandelo okwenziwa. Kuyimpazamo ukukholelwa ukuba i-statins yemvelo ephuma kwi-cholesterol yona ndlela iphumelele kwaye ikhuselekile. Amachiza asebenzayo akanakwenzeka kakhulu ukuba abe nemiphumo emibi kwaye ibekezeleke ngakumbi. Ukongeza kwi-lovastatin, isizukulwana sokuqala seenjini ezichazwe ziquka i-simvastatin kunye ne-pravastatin.
Ngaphambili neziyobisi ezincinci zokunciphisa i-lipid zivelisa umphumo obiziweyo. Iimpawu ezisemgangathweni zisetyenziswe ngokubanzi ekuthinteleni ukubetha, i-atherosclerosis, i-myocardial infarction, ingakumbi ukuba kukho izidalwa eziza kuzaliswa kwizilwanyana. Izimpawu zokuthatha iziyobisi zokuqala:
- i-coronary atherosclerosis;
- Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kokutya okunzima kunye nemithwalo yemvelo;
- hypercholesterolemia.
Isizukulwana sesibini sezidakamizwa esicatshangelwayo sifakwe kuphela yi-fluvastatin. Lezi ziyobisi ezikhuselekileyo nezikhuselekileyo ezinokumiselwa kubantwana abaneminyaka eli-10 ubudala. Ziqukethe ityuwa yesodium, ngoko i-cholesterol egazini iyancitshiswa ngokukhawuleza. Izimpawu zokusetyenziswa kwe-fluvastatin:
- i-dyslipidemia yohlobo oluxubekileyo;
- isicic heart disease (ukukhusela iingxaki);
- i-coronary atherosclerosis;
- hypercholesterolemia;
- Ukuthintela imiphumo emibi yentliziyo kunye nokutyunjwa kwe-vascular.
Isizukulwana sesithathu semithi yokunciphisa i-lipid i-atorvastatin. Ubungqina beli yobisi bubungcono obuphawulekayo ekusebenzeni kwenkqubo ye-cardiovascular ngokupheleleyo. Kukholelwa ukuba i-statins ephuma kwi-cholesterol yiphilisi ekhawulezileyo, ebonakalayo kwaye ekhuselekileyo yokuthintela isifo sikashukela kunye nesifo se-cardiovascular disease, kuquka nesifo esingasasigxina se-ischemic. Iinkcazo ngenjongo yazo:
- iindawo eziza kuba nezifo zesimo senhliziyo;
- dyslipidemi;
- ukulinganisa i-hypercholesterolemia;
- i-atherosclerosis.
Izitatimende zezizukulwana ezitsha ziquka iPitavastatin kunye ne-rosuvastatin. Ezi zonyango ziphuhliso zakamuva kwintsimi ye-pharmacology, zinemivuzo emininzi ngaphezu kwabo baqala ngaphambili:
- umphumo wokukhawuleza (iziphumo zibonakala kwiveki yokuqala yokungeniswa);
- umlinganiselo osisiseko wokwelapha;
- isenzo esiqhubekayo;
- Umngcipheko ophantsi weziphumo ezibi;
- ukusetyenziswa kwexesha elifanayo kunye neentliziyo ze-cardiac;
- akukho mpembelelo kwi-glucose metabolism.
Iimimiselo ezintsha kwi-cholesterol ziyimichiza ekhuselekileyo kunye nekhuselekileyo ekucetyiswa kwezi zilandelayo:
- hypercholesterolemia nasiphi na isigaba;
- inkqubela ye-atherosclerosis;
- isicic heart disease;
- isifo sikashukela ;
- dyslipidemia;
- imfuyo yezinto eziphilayo eziza kuzalisa izidumbu ze-vascular;
- ukuvuselelwa emva kokuhlaselwa kwentliziyo, ukubetha, ukuhlinzwa kwentliziyo.
I-Statin yobisi - uludwe
Amayeza angentla apha kwisizukulwana ngasinye anamagama ahlukeneyo karhwebo. Ngokuzikhethela ukhethe izidakamizwa ezinciphisa i-cholesterol egazini, awukwazi. Isilungeleko esingafanelekanga, isilinganisi esingafanelekanga, ukudibanisa namanye amaqela ase-pharmacological agents angakhupha umphumo weempembelelo ezinobungozi kakhulu kunye nezinguqu ezingenakuguqulwa kwintsebenzo yesibindi, iinkqubo zokuxilonga. Kuphela ugqirha ofanelekileyo kufuneka acebise ukuba zeziphi izidakamizwa zinciphisa i-cholesterol egazini ngokukhuselekileyo nangempumelelo. Isizukulwana esifanelekileyo seemimiselo sikhethwe ngumcebisi.
Simvastatin analogues
Le ntengiso ithengiswa ngefomethe yegama elinye. Njengomxube osebenzayo, i-simvastatin iqulethe izidakamizwa eziphantsi kweepilisi-uluhlu:
- Simvastol;
- Zovatin;
- Simgal;
- Zocor;
- Simvagexal;
- Eyona ndawo;
- Simvard;
- Vastatin;
- Simvakor;
- Ovenkor;
- Simlo;
- Vazilip;
- Sincard nabanye.
Pravastatin analogues
Lo ngumnye ummeli osebenzayo kwaye okhuselekileyo kwisizukulwana sokuqala sezilwanyana eziphantsi kweepilisi. Isithako esisebenzayo esichaziweyo siqulethe izidakamizwa ezinciphisa i-cholesterol egazini (izitembu):
- Rightsgrave;
- Lipostat;
- Pravastatin.
ILovastatin efanayo
Isidakamizwa sokuqala sokuphuhlisa i-lipid, esingekho kwi-fungic penicillin, asiyona eyona ndlela iphumelelayo, kodwa enye yeyona ndlela ikhuselekileyo. Iziyobisi eziphantsi kwe-cholesterol, esekelwe kwi-lovastatin:
- I-Holletar;
- Lovacor;
- ICardiostatin;
- Lovasterol;
- Mevakor;
- Lovastatin;
- Apexstatin;
- Lovahexal;
- Medostatin;
- Rovacor;
- Liprox nabanye.
Fluvastatin analogues
Iitatimins ukusuka kwikholesterol yesizukulwana sesibini zimelelwe yinto enye kuphela. Ngesiseko sayo iipilisi kuphela eziveliswayo - iLeskol. Ziyathengiswa ngeenguqulelo ezi-3 kunye nomlinganiselo ofanayo (80 mg):
- I-Classical (Leskol);
- Ukukhupha;
- XL.
Atorvastatin - ezifanayo
Esi sithako se-hypolipidemic singeyesityalo sesithathu. Ukulungiswa komfanekiso ngokusemthethweni:
- Lipitor;
- Anistat;
- Liprimar;
- Atorvastatin;
- Tulip;
- Atomax;
- Canon;
- Torvacard;
- Atorvox;
- Liptonorm;
- Atoris nabanye.
Rosuvastatin analogues
Izitatimende zokunciphisa i-cholesterol ukusuka kwisizukulwana sesine ziindlela eziphambili kunye ezikhuselekileyo kunye nezenzo ezide. I-Rosuvastatin, ngaphezu kweepilisi zegama elifanayo, iqulethwe kumayeza alandelayo:
- Mertenil;
- Rosulip;
- Umnqamlezo;
- Rosewood;
- Akorta;
- Rosart;
- Tevastor;
- Roxer.
Pitavastatin analogues
Izidakamizwa zokunciphisa i-Lipid zesityalo sesizukulwana sesine zazaliswa ngedakamizwa embuzo nje kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo. Le miqulu evela kwi-cholesterol iyona ndlela iphumelele kwaye iphephile kuzo zonke iimichiza ezifanayo. Ziba nefuthe elikhawulezayo nelona lide kunayo nayiphi na ingozi yempilo. Ngokwe siseko sePitavastatin, ukhetho olulodwa kuphela olukhoyo - Livazo.
IiNkcazo zezizukulwana zakutsha kunye nemiphumo engaphantsi
Oogqirha abanolwazi banqwenela ukumisela kuphela iziyobisi ezikhuselekileyo ezinezithintelo ezincinci kunye nokuthatha ixesha elide. Iimpawu ezisemgangathweni ezisuka kwi-cholesterol yi-rosuvastatin kunye nePitavastatin:
- Umnqamlezo;
- Mertenil;
- Roxer;
- Valarox;
- Rosáv;
- Akorta;
- Rosewood;
- Livazo.