Njengoko kuyaziwa, injongo yezemfundo yeprayimari kukunceda abantwana bafunde isiseko solwazi kwizifundo eziphambili, eziza kuqhutyelwa phambili kwixesha elizayo. Ukongezelela, kubalulekile ukufundisa abafundi ukuba bahambe ngendlela yolwandle ngolwazi, bafumane iimpendulo kwimibuzo yabo, bahlalutye, basebenze ngolwazi. Iziphumo zomsebenzi odibeneyo ootitshala nabafundi ngenxa yokucacisa zivame ukuphawulwa ngolu vavanyo.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, inkqubo yokuhlola iyenze utshintsho kunye noshintsho, kunye nokubuza ngokufaneleka kwesicelo sayo kwisikolo esiprayimari. Nangona zikhona kwaye zibonakala ziqinile, kukho inkozo engqiqweni kule nto, kuba yimiqathango yokuvavanywa kwisikolo esiprayimari esinokuchaphazela kakubi ukujonga isimo sengqondo kubafundi kwinqanaba lootitshala, kwaye yenze iinjongo ezingenasiphelo zangaphandle zokufunda kubafundi. Abaqulunqi bezemfundo bacebisa ukuba bafumane amava amaninzi kumazwe aseYurophu kwaye ngokubanzi ukucima uvavanyo lwabafundi abasesikolweni kwizifundo eziliqela.
Inqobo yokuhlola kwisikolo esiprayimari ixhomekeke ngqo kwisifundo. Kulowo nalowo kubo, kukho imilinganiselo yeemfuno umfundi kufuneka azidibanise ukuze afanelekele omnye okanye omnye uvandlakanyo. Ukongezelela, kukho uluhlu lweempazamo ezibhekwa "zingenangqondo" kwaye kufuneka zichaphazele ukuhla kweempawu, kwaye zikhona ezo "ezingabalulekanga". Iimfuno ziyahluka, kuxhomekeke kumhlobo womsebenzi-ngomlomo okanye obhaliweyo.
Ngokuphathelele imigaqo kunye nemigangatho yokubamba esikolweni esiprayimari, zixhomekeke ngqo kwizinga lovavanyo. Uninzi lwethu sijwayele kwaye siqhelana neenkqubo ezinhlanu zokuvavanya impumelelo yesikolo, eyayilawulwa ezikolweni ukususela kumaxesha eSoviet. Emva kokupheliswa kweManyano, amazwe ayekade ejoyina ngokuthe gqolo aqhubela kwamanye amabakala ovavanyo. Ngokomzekelo, e-Ukraine ngo-2000, kwaqaliswa inkqubo yovavanyo lweshumi elinambini.
Imilinganiselo yokuvavanya ngezinga elilishumi elinambini
Zingabakanywa ngamanqanaba ama-4, ngasinye sinezidingo zayo ezicacileyo:
- nqanaba lokuqala - amabakala ukusuka kwi-1 ukuya kwi-3 amanqaku. Ulwazi lomfundi ngalesi sifundo luhluke kwizinga lokumelwa kwabafundi;
- umgangatho ophakathi uvela kwi-4 kuya kwezingama-6. Umfundi unolwazi olusisiseko malunga nesifundo, uyakwazi ukuvelisa, kwaye unezakhono ezisisiseko zemisebenzi yemfundo;
- kwinqanaba elaneleyo - ukususela kuma-7 kuya ku-9 amanqaku. Umfundi unezizathu eziyimfuneko malunga nomxholo, unokuchazela iipatheni zazo kunye nokudibanisa, usebenzise ngempumelelo ulwazi oluqokelelweyo kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo, kodwa akanakho ukuzimela ngokuzimela;
- nqanaba eliphezulu - ukusuka kwii-10 ukuya kuma-12 amanqaku. Ulwazi lomfundi lubanzi kwaye luyisiseko. Unako ukuhlalutya ulwazi olufunyenweyo, ukuzakhela izigqibo, ulisebenzise ukuphumeza iiprojekthi zokudala. Unombono ocacileyo kwaye uyakwazi ukuyikhusela.
Kunconywa ukuba uqale ukufakwa kwisikolo esiprayimari kule nkqubo ukususela kunyaka wesibini wokufunda. Kulo bakala lokuqala, utitshala unika nje inkcazo yomlomo wolwazi, izakhono kunye neziphumo zabafundi.
Imilinganiselo yokuvavanya kwinqanaba elingamahlanu
Nangona kukho ukuguqulwa kwezemfundo ezisebenzayo, izikolo zesiRashiya ziyaqhubeka zisebenzisa inkqubo yeendlela ezintlanu zokuvavanya ulwazi, apho ukuhlolwa kukhishwe ngokubhekiselele kule migaqo elandelayo:
- Ibanga lesi-5 - elihle kakhulu-eliboniswe kumfundi, olwazi lwakhe, iimpendulo kunye nokusebenza ngokufezekisa ngokupheleleyo iimfuno zekharityhulam;
- Ibanga lesi-4 - abantwana abakolweni abanolwazi lwabo lomsebenzi ngokubanzi bahlangabezana neemfuno ezifumanayo, nangona zingaphelelanga okanye zineziphene ezimbi;
- uvavanyo lwe-3 - olwanelisayo - lwenziwe ngabafundi abawaziyo izinto eziphambili kwisifundo, kodwa bavumele iimpazamo kunye nokungaphumeleli;
- Uvavanyo 2 - alufumaneki - lunokufumana abafundi abanolwazi lwabo oluhambelana neemfuno zenkqubo yoqeqesho kuphela;
- Iimpawu zoku-1-ezikhethiweyo-zifakwe kwimeko xa iimpendulo zabafundi, imisebenzi kunye nemisebenzi eyenziwa ngokukhawuleza iya kuhambisana neprogram kwaye ayihambisani nayo.