I-encephalopathy kwiintsana ezisandul 'ukuzalwa yintsholongwane yengqondo eyenzeka ngexesha lokuphela komntwana. Ngamanye amazwi, i-cerebral dysfunction, i-diagnostic collective diagnosis, enika inkcazelo ngokubanzi malunga nokuphazamiseka okwenzeka kumsebenzi we-system central neervous system (CNS) yabantwana kwiminyaka yokuqala yobomi.
Ukubonakaliswa kwe-neonatal encephalopathy
Ukubeka oku kuxilongwa, oogqirha bavavanya ukuphambuka okusemandleni ekusebenziseni kunye neengcamango zabantwana. Ezi zilandelayo zi-syndromes (ubunzima beempawu) zingabonwa:
- Iziphazamiso zeenjini ezinjenge-hypertonic okanye hypotonic muscle. I-neurologist kufuneka ikwazi ukwahlula le syndrome evela kwi-hypertonia yomzimba. Oku kuququzelelwe ngamandla akhe okugqiba umgangatho we tonus, uphawu lwexesha elithile.
- Ukwandiswa kwe-neural-reflex ukukhutshulwa, ukufunyaniswa ngesiseko solwazi malunga nomgangatho wobuthongo bomntwana, ukulula ukulala, ukukhwabanisa kwezandla, imilenze kunye neenki.
- Ukunyanzeliswa kwenkqubo ye-nervous, isalathisi sezinto ezibhekwa njengento yokulibala nokunyaniseka kwabantwana. Kule meko, i-hypotension iboniswa, i-asymmetry yobuso kunye nomzimba ngenxa yeetoni ezahlukeneyo zezihlunu. Ukudakumba kwenkqubo yesantya ephakathi kubonakaliswa ngunyana olungasondliyo kunye nokukhahlela rhoqo ngexesha lokugwinya.
- I-intracranial hypertension , enokuba yinkimbinkimbi yokwahlula kwengqondo, idinga isisombululo esiphuthumayo. Ama-alarms yile: ukwanda kwinqanaba lekhanda lomntwana, i-bulging kunye / okanye ukwanda kwipinanel enkulu, ukungafani kwe-suture ye-cranial.
- Ukuxubusha, okubalulekileyo ukucacisa kunye kunye nokulingana kokuxhamla (umququzo, ukuhlaziywa, ukunyakaza okuzenzekelayo, ukunyuka kwe-salivation), ezinokuthi zibonakalise umonakalo we-CNS.
Iimbangela zokuxhamla kwiintsana
Esi sifo senziwa kubantwana aba-4 baphuma kwi-100. Izizathu zingaba ngolu hlobo:
- iingxaki kunye neentsholongwane zokukhulelwa, kubandakanywa nosongelo lokuphazamiseka kwayo;
- ukukhathazeka ngokubeleka nokuhanjiswa okunzima;
- izifo zengxaki;
- usulelo lomama ngexesha lokukhulelwa.
Umonakalo oqhelekileyo womonakalo womnatha we-nervous is hypoxia, okubangelwa u-hypoxia we-hypoclinic encephalopathy of the newborns - ngenxa yokungakwazi ukunikezelwa kwegazi kwingqondo yomntwana ngaphambi kokuzalwa, ngexesha lokubeleka nangenyanga yokuqala emva kokuzalwa, kubonakaliswe njengento engafanelekiyo yeengxaki zegazi kunye neemeko ezinzulu, umzekelo, ngesimo sengqondo yokukhubazeka kwengqondo yobuncinane.
Unyango lwe-encephalopathy kwiintsana kufuneka luyinkimbinkimbi kwaye kuxhomekeke kwonyango lweempawu eziphawuliweyo. I-encephalopathy kwintsana iphiliswa kwikota yamatyala, ukuba ifunyenwe ngexesha.