Xa uceba ukutyala kwezityalo kwi-site, qaphela ukuba zeziphi izityalo ezikhulile kule ndawo kunyaka ophelileyo, nokuba izityalo owakhula ziphilile. I-akhawunti enjalo iya kukunceda ukulungisa ukufika: ukuba ngaphambili kule ndawo imifuno ifumaneka kwiintlobo zezilwanyana okanye izifo, kubalulekile ukuphula imibhede kunye nesityalo kwisinye isigaba segadi.
Izifo zetamatato, ukubetha imifuno enhle nephilileyo, ukutshabalalisa inxalenye yesityalo. I-Symptomatology yezifo zahluke, ngoko makhe sizame ukubona ukuba zeziphi izifo ezithintela ukutshala ngokuphindaphindiweyo, nendlela yokulwa nezilwanyana ezinamatamatayi.
Septoria weetamatisi
Septoria of utamatisi (i-white spotting) - isifo se-fungal ngokuqhelekileyo senziwa kwiindawo ezinomswakama ogqithiseleyo. Esi sifo sibonakala ngokubonakala kwimibala ebomvu, ngoko ziba mhlophe ngomda omnyama. Iintlobo zokuqala zentamatyambo ziyakwazi ukutheleleka. Izibonakaliso ze-septoriosis maxa wambi zibonakala kwiziqhamo ezisandul
Ukukhawuleza kwexesha leetamatato
Isifo sesibindi sokugqibela sithinta amaqabunga entamatati, iziqu kunye neziqhamo. Ngamanye amaxesha iziqhamo ziyancipha kwaye zibola. Ukubonakala kwesi sifo kubangelwa yimpembelelo ebushushu obude kunye nokutshala ngokukhawuleza kwemifuno.
Umlenze omnyama weetato
Umlenze omnyama uyisifo sefungal, iimpawu zazo ezibonakaliswa ngokukhazimulayo kwengxenye yengcambu yesityalo kunye nokunyuka kwayo.
Unyango lwe tatato
Zonke izilonda ezikhankanywe ngasentla zine-etiology yefungal, kwaye ngoko ke iindlela zokulwa nazo ziyafana.
- Ekubeni kukho nasiphi na isifo sefungal kwingingqi echaphazelekayo ayikhuthazwa iminyaka engama-3 ukutyala le nkcubeko (kunye namazambane kunye nesitshalo seqanda).
- Ekubeni bachitha ukujula okunzulu komhlaba kwaye bachithe iintyatyambo kunye neengcambu.
- Kwiiveki ezi-2 ngaphambi kokutyala emhlabeni, izityalo ziphathwa ngefongicides. Ngexesha lokukhula, umhlaba uphathwa rhoqo kwiintsuku eziyi-14.
- Xa iqela elichaphazelekayo libonakala, litsalwa kwaye litshabalalise. Xa kukho umonakalo omkhulu, izityalo ziphathwa ngefungicides ngokwemiyalelo.
Indawo yeBrown
Ukuba izifo ezidlulileyo zithintela izityalo zokutsalwa kwezityalo kunye nezityalo ezikhulile kwindawo evulekileyo, indawo enombala obomvu ibhekisela kwiintsholongwane zetamatato kwi-greenhouse . Ngaphantsi kweengqameko zezityalo ezisulelekileyo zibonakalisa iintlobo ezimnyama ngeengubo ezimhlophe. Kwiqondo eliphezulu, kwiqondo eliphantsi ebusuku kunye nokuthambisa ngamanzi abandayo, ii-spores zichaphazela inkcubeko yemifuno. Kwiimpawu zesifo, kubalulekile ukuyeka ukunisela nokunciphisa umswakama womoya, ukufafaza utamatisi ngesisombululo sulfate okanye sulfur colloidal. Kwi-greenhouse umhlaba emva kokuvuna imifuno kunconywa ukuba uphathwe ngamanzi abilayo okanye (ukuba isakhiwo se-hothouse sincinci), bhaka umhlaba ngomlilo.
Nematode utamatisi
Ngokuqhelekileyo, izityalo zihlomelelwa ukuhlasela-ukusuleleka kwiimbungu ze-parasitic. Ezi ziinambuzane zezityalo zentamatyambo ziyafakwa kwi-rootlets yesityalo kwaye, ngokuphindaphindiweyo, ziza zinezondlo ezondlo ezivela kwintsimi yezityalo. Utamatisi ulale emva kokukhula, ushiya ubune kwaye uphenduke. Ngesifo esinamandla, izityalo ziyafa. Ukulwa nematode ekwindla, zonke iingcambu kunye namaqabunga ayacinywa, kwaye umhlaba uphathwe nge-eco-pesticides: ukunyuka kwe-anyan, i-garlic okanye i-celandine.
Ukukhahlela ngokukhawuleza
I-Dachniki ihlala ikhononda ukuba iziqhamo ezintle zetamatati ziqala ngokukhawuleza, ngenxa yento ebonakalayo yokuthengisa imifuno ilahleka, kwaye ubomi be-shelf bufutshane. Kodwa izifo kunye neentsholongwane zezityalo zentamato azihlangani nazo! Le nzekayo yomzimba idibene nokutshintshwa ngokukhawuleza kwomswakama lomhlaba: kwindlala, isityalo sinisela ngamanzi amaninzi ngelo xesha. Kungcono ukutyalela ukutyala kwenkcubeko yemifuno encinci kunye namaxesha amaninzi ngemini.
Ngokutsho kobungqina befama abanamava anamava, i-plant-hybrids are less-affected by disease and disest damage. Qaphela le ngcebiso xa ukhetha iintlobo zee-tomato!