Ehlabathini, kukho abantu abayi-1 bhiliyoni abanexinzelelo lwegazi eliphezulu. Ingaba sisisifo esizimeleyo (isiseko somngcipheko ophezulu), kunye nokubonakaliswa kwe-pathology ye-organ (i-secondary blood pressure).
Iimbangela zexinzelelo
Ezi zifo zilandelayo zingabangela ukunyuswa kwengcinezelo yegazi:
- endocrine;
- umthimba;
- inkqubo yomzimba;
- I-Neurogenic (kunye nomonakalo we-CNS).
Izizathu zokuvela koxinzelelo lwengcinezelo zingaba zizinto ezinje:
- yokuphila;
- i-atherosclerosis ;
- utywala no kutshaya;
- ukwandisa ityuwa;
- imfuza.
Njengomthetho, uxinzelelo olungaphezu kwama-140/70 mm Hg lubonwa njengoluphakamileyo. Ukunciphisa kukho iindiza ezinobungozi obuninzi.
Ulwahlulo lwezidakamizwa ezichanekileyo
Zonke iziyobisi ezichasayo zidibene ngokwahlukileyo ezine.
Abagcini
Laba bangabarhente abaguqula umsebenzi wenkqubo yesifo. Ezi ziquka iziyobisi:
- Methyldopa;
- Clopheline;
- Reserpine;
- Octadin.
Ukongezelela, eli candelo libandakanya abakhi be-ganglion, i-alpha-adrenoreceptor blockers kunye ne-beta-adrenoreceptor blockers. Umphumo walezi yobisi zijolise ekunciphiseni umsebenzi wokukhutshwa komzimba kunye neetuscular tonus, egalelo ekunciphiseni uxinzelelo lwegazi. Zisetyenziselwa ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lwexinzelelo kwiimeko ezixinzelelekileyo kwaye zijojowe nge-intravenously imizuzu emi-5-6.
Vasodilators
Kuthetha, ngokukodwa isenzo se-peripheral, esenzelwe ukuhlaselwa kwe-vasodilation. Ezi zi:
- Apressin;
- Nitroprousside sodium;
- IMinoxidil;
- Diazoxide.
Ezi zisebenzisi zisetyenziswe kwiimeko ezinzima zokwehluleka kwentliziyo.
Diuretics
Ezi mali zimiselwe ukuba zihlambulule umzimba weetyu kunye namanzi ngeentso. Ngokunciphisa i- edema ebangelwa ukunyuswa kwengcinezelo yegazi ngenxa yeengxaki zesimo senhliziyo, umthwalo entliziyweni unciphisa. Bona, ngokwazo, bahlulwe ngamaqela amathathu:
- Thiazide (Oxodolin, Saluretin, Hygroton);
- i-potassium-sparing (Amyloride, Spironolactor, Triamterene);
- i-loop (iBumetonid, Furosemide, Piretanid, Torasemide, i-ethacrynic acid).
Ezi ziyobisi zingasetyenziselwa unyango olunzima olujoliswe ekunciphiseni uxinzelelo.
Izidakamizwa ezixhatshaziweyo
Ezi ziyobisi zichaphazela inkqubo ye-renin-angiotensin. Ezi ziquka:
- izalathisi zokudibanisa kunye nabaphikisanayo be-angiotensin II (i-Saralazine);
- i-inhibitors ye-enzyme yokuguqula i-angiotensin (iCaptopril).
Ukulungiselela isizukulwana esitsha
Iziyobisi ezixhamlileyo zesizukulwana esitsha zidibeneyo ukulungiswa kwezenzo ezide. Badibanisa amayeza avela kumaqela ahlukeneyo kwelinye ithebhulethi. Ezi zonyango zithathwa kanye ngosuku kwaye zithwala kakhulu ngaphezu kwezidakamizwa zexesha elifutshane, eziboniswa xa unyango olungxamisekileyo lunikwa uxinzelelo olukhulayo. Uluhlu lwezidakamizwa ezichasene nezidalwa zesityalo esitsha zazaliswa yi-Moxonidine (physiotherosis). Esi sidakamizwa asikho ngaphantsi kweyona nkoliso yabangaphambili abavavanywa, kodwa kunemiphumo engaphantsi kwaye ixhomekeke kakuhle ngumzimba ngaphandle kokubangela umlutha.
Kwakhona, esinye isilwanyana esitsha esilungileyo sinezilingo ze-kliniki - i-Aliskiren-inhibitor ye-renin, i-hormone elawula ukutshintshiselwa kwamanzi kunye ne-electrolytes emzimbeni.
Ngonyango oluchanekileyo oluqeshwe ngutitshala, akunakulungele ukuhambelana nemithetho ethile kwimpilo yemihla ngemihla:
- Ukukhokela indlela esebenzayo yobomi.
- Hambisa ngaphezulu.
- Ukunciphisa ityuwa nokutya okukhawulezayo.
- Yongeza kwimifuno yakho yokutya entsha kunye neziqhamo zonyaka.
Uncedo kakhulu ukusebenzisa:
- chokeberry;
- ubusi;
- umhluzi wetshisi;
- i-strawberries;
- utamatisi.
Kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba ukunyamekela impilo kufuneka kuvelise uvuyo kwaye ube ngumgangatho wobomi.