Izizathu zokuziphatha okungahambiyo

Ukuziphatha okukhohlakeleyo ngumsebenzi womntu okanye iqela labantu abangahambelani nemimiselo eyamkelekileyo. Ukongezelela, inkcazo yokuziphatha okunjalo iyinto engabonakaliyo, kuba nayiphi na indawo inemimiselo yayo kwaye yintoni kwihlabathi lezobugebengu ngokuqhelekileyo yamkelwa ngokuqhelekileyo - imivuzo ngokuphanga, ngoko ke kulunye uluntu kuthiwa lugqithiseleyo.

Iindidi kunye nezimbangela zokuziphatha ezingaphambuki zingaba zilungile kwaye zibi. Ukungahambi kakuhle kukunqoba imimiselo yoluntu yokuguqulwa kobunjani kwinkqubo yoluntu. Kwaye ukuziphatha okungahambi kakubi kubangela ukutshabalalisa, ukuhlaziywa.

Ukuziphatha okukhohlakeleyo kungabonakaliswa kwizonyango okanye ekugqibeleni, kwiingxoxo, kwiintlanganiso. Ukuziphatha okunjalo kusetyenziswa ngabaxhasi bezenkolo, abaguqukeli, abagubungela, bonke abo balwa noluntu apho bafumaneka khona.

Izizathu ze-devinata

Iimbangela zokuziphatha ezingaziphathiyo zineenkcukacha ezichanileyo, zesayensi. Kodwa kukho iingcamango ezahlukeneyo esiza kuthetha ngazo.

Physiology

Izizathu zokuvela kokuziphatha okungafunekiyo zifunyenwe kwaye zifunyenwe kwizidalwa zendalo, ukungaqondakali kwengqondo, iimpawu ezikhethekileyo zobuntu kunye nokubonakala. Yaye ezi mpazamo zibonakaliswa ngokugqithisileyo - izidakamizwa ezisebenzayo njengendlela yokubuyisela inyaniso kunye nehlabathi elikhohlisayo lotywala, i-nicotine, iziyobisi. Isiphumo sesilwaphulo-mthetho sinokutshabalalisa ubuntu.

Ngokubhekiselele kwimpembelelo yentlalo yokuziphatha okungahambi kakuhle, bajonga ubunzulu bezinto ezinje ngakumbi nangaphezulu. Kukho iingcamango eziliqela ngokukhawuleza:

  1. Ukuphazamiseka kukungavumelani phakathi kwamava obomi bomntu kunye nemimiselo eyamkelekileyo. Njengokuba ubomi buhlala ngumntu, amava akhe athetha ukuba ukunamathela kwimimiselo yoluntu, awuyi kufika naphi na. Kwiimeko ezinjalo kuvela i-anomi-ukungabikho ngokupheleleyo kwimiqathango yoluntu yokuziphatha kwabantu.
  2. R. Merton, isazi senzululwazi yaseMelika, wenza i-anomie impembelelo ngendlela eyahlukileyo. Ngokutsho kwengcamango yakhe, i-anomi ayikho ukungabikho kwemimiselo, kodwa akunakwenzeka ukulandela. Kwimimandla yanamhlanje, iinjongo eziphambili ezamkelweyo ziyimpumelelo kunye nentlalo-ntle. Uluntu aluniki abantu bonke ukuba bafezekise iinjongo, kule nkcazo ibonakala. Umntu unelungelo lokhetho - ukuphulwa komthetho, ukwenzela ukufezekisa iinjongo ezifanayo (impumelelo kunye nobutyebi) okanye ukwenqaba ukulandela ezi njongo, kwaye ngokufanelekileyo, ukulibala - iziyobisi, utshwala , njl. Kwakhona kunokwenzeka ukuvukela uluntu.
  3. Isizathu sengqondo sokuziphatha kakubi kukuxhoma kwamalebula. Umzekelo, umenzi wobugwenxa wenza isigqibo sokunyaniseka ukuba aqale indlela, kodwa uluntu, ukwazi ukuba akathembeli lolwaphulo-mthetho alumsebenzi, uhlala ekhumbuza ukuba "ulungile." Emva kokufikelela kumda weengqondo, lo mntu uphoqeleka ukuba abuyele ebukhosini ndlela, ngenxa yokuba uluntu aluyekanga kuye. Ukuziphatha okukhohlakeleyo kukuba, ngandlela-thile, ukungcola kwethemba lokugqibela kwibhola.

Phakathi kwazo zonke iindibano zentlalo, ukuphambuka kubangelwa yintsholongwane. Baye bavelisa umnqweno wokuzifeza, kodwa ubomi abangeke banikeze ithuba lokuqonda nokuziqonda. Ingqondo yabantwana isengozini kakhulu, kwaye iyangqinelana nokuphulwa kwamalungelo namathuba. Ngamanye amaxesha, kukho icala elinye kuphela elingenangqiqo okanye uhlazo lwabazali okanye ootitshala besikolo, ukwenzela ukuba intombazana ibambe indlela yokuziphatha kakubi. Yaye indlela eyona ndlela elula yokuba yintsholongwane, utywala, iziyobisi, ukutshaya.

Njengomthetho, ukuphambuka kuyingozi, kodwa kukho ukungabikho. Ngokomzekelo, ubuchule, ubuqili, ubuchule bungabonwa luluntu njengentambo. Yaye le nto engeyiyo imbono yohlobo oluthile lokucinga, ebizwa ngokuba yi-intentricity, yenza ukuba ulutsha lusengozini kwaye luvuselela ukuhlukana.