Iipatatesi ezinomso-mveliso ezikhulayo

Ukutya okubalulekileyo kunye nesityalo sefestile njenge-sweet potato yam ikhulile kwimimandla enezityalo zezulu kunye neendawo ezitshatyalaliswayo, kodwa inokukhula kwindawo efudumeleyo. Imifuno isetyenziselwa ukupheka izitya ezahlukeneyo kwindawo ephekiweyo, ebhakiweyo, eyomisiwe, eyomisiweyo, apho ushukela, umgubo, utywala kunye ne-molasses zilungiselelwe.

Iipatato zebhodlela

Uninzi lwabantu luye lwava malunga namazambane amnandi, kodwa ngokuthe ngqo, luhlobo luni lwesityalo, abaninzi abazi. Iifatata ezintle ziimifuno ezinobhubhane ezinomdla ofana neengqayi, i-bananas, iinanphale, izaqathe ngokuxhomekeka kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo. Iifatata iqukethe isitashi, ngumthombo ophezulu kakhulu we-calcium kunye ne-carotene. Isalathiso esichazwayo sisinikwa yi-glucose, equlethwe kwi-pulp ngobuninzi. Kuthathwa njengento enamandla yokuxhatshazwa, ukucoca igazi kwi-cholesterol, ukukhuthaza ukuvuselelwa kwesikhumba, kunciphisa intlungu yesisu xa udla imifuno ngaphambi kokuzivocavoca. I-Fiber yenza ngcono imetabolism emzimbeni.

Bathat - iintlobo

Ehlabathini kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zamatatata. Ngaphandle bahluka:

• uhlobo lwee-tubers (ngeenxa zonke, i-ribbed, fusiform);
• umthunzi we-peel (ukusuka kumhlophe ukuya kobhedu-i-orange);
• inyama yombala (omhlophe, ophuzi, isanqante, obomvu, obomvu).

Iintlobo eziphambili zihlulwe zibe yi-dessert, imifuno kunye nefowuni, ezibonakaliswe ngongqinisiso we-glucose, i-carotene kunye nesinambitha. Iintlobo ezithandwayo kakhulu zamatatata amazambane azithandayo:

1. Inqoqo 100 Xa iibhubhu zilala phantsi, zidla njengamantongomane kunye nebhanana.
2. EBeorregard. Ukumelana nezifo, isivuno esiphezulu, asiyi kutyumba. I-rind i-honey-colored with a pulp orange, ecebile kwi-carotene.
3. IGeorge Red. Iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zilungelelaniswe kumgca ophakathi welizwe. Iibhubhe ezineziko lesibisi kunye nomzimba ococekileyo kwifomu eluhlaza kwiifatate ukuya kunambitha akufani, emva kokupheka kuba mnandi.

Ukhula njani amazambane?

I-sweet potato i-sweet-living-long year-winding, elineziqu ezi-1-5 m ubude, isasazeka kunye nomhlaba kwaye ithathe iingcambu kumaqhina. Ukuphakama kwesihlathi ku-15-18 cm, amaqabunga esi sityalo yi-petiolate, i-palchate-lobed or cordate. Iingcambu zangasese ze-potato zinyathela ngamandla, iifom zihlangene nezilwanyana ngaphandle kwe-ocelli kunye nenyama edliwayo, umbala wezinto ezixhomekeke kwiindidi. Iziqhamo ze-potato zinomlinganiselo we-200 g ukuya kwi-3 kg, iintlobo zemifuno ngenxa yezinto ezihlukileyo ze-glucose zinomdla ohlukileyo - zinomnandi kakhulu okanye azikho.

I-sweet potato?

Kwii-axils zamagqabi ama-potato, iintyatyambo ezinemibala ehamba nge-pink-colored lilac, efana neyomfanekiso kwi-convolvulus enkulu. Benza iibhululo ze-3-7 buds. Iipedicels zinokulingana nobude obufana ne-petioles yamagqabi. I-Batat isityalo semifuno nge-pollination esiphambeneyo, eyenziwa ngokuyinhloko yizinyosi. Uninzi lwezilimo zilahlekelwe amandla abo okuzala, ukuxhatshaza, abaninzi banakuqhakaza nantoni, kodwa ezinye iindawo ezivuyayo zize zenze iibhokisi zemizimba emnyama, emnyama okanye ebomvu ibe nobubanzi be-3.5 - 4.5 mm.

Indlela yokutyala amazambane amnandi?

Unako ukukhulisa iitapile ezinotyatyambo ngeentyatyambo ezinombewu okanye kwiimbewu, ezifumaneka emva kokuhluma kwezilimo. Indlela yokuqala idinga ixesha elininzi kunye nomzamo. Ngaphambi kokutyala iifatata ezinobumba kunye nembewu, kubalulekile ukufumana imbewu enhle. Ukukhula ngokusebenzisa izityalo ziqhelekileyo, kunokwenzeka ukuphumeza ukuphindaphindwa kwesityalo nokuba ngabaqalayo begadi. Ukutsalwa kwezilimo eziyizigaxa emhlabathini ngokukhawuleza, njengamazambane, akunconywa - inkcubeko yokuvuthwa ixesha elide kwaye ayiyi kuba nexesha lokuvelisa iziqhamo ngaphambi kokuqala kweqabunga.

Ukutyala ama-tuberate tubers

Okokuqala, kufuneka uthenge izilimo eziyizigaxa, kwindawo encinci abaya kuyidinga kuphela amacandelo ambalwa. Izinto zokutyala zikhutshelwe i-sulfate yesibinci. Iifatata ezinamanzi zenyameko zihlonyelwe ngohlobo lukaJanuwari-Februwari, ngenxa yale njongo ibhokisi ye-15-20 cm ephakamileyo ifanelekile. Ukutyala amazambane ama-sweet tuber:

• i-substrate ilungiselelwe kwiindawo ezifanayo zomhlaba ovulekileyo, i-humus nesihlabathi. Umxube kufuneka ubhakikwe ixesha elithile kwi-oven;
• Ingxenye yesithathu yebhokisi igcwele umhlaba, isanti kufuneka ibe phezulu kunye no-3 cm;
• Izigulana ezifakwe kwi-disinfected zibeka emhlabathini, zinyanzeliswe kwaye zityhala isihlabathi zibe zi-3-4 cm.
• Iqondo lokushisa liyakudinga ngaphakathi kwe-18-27 ° C, i-substrate ihlaziywa rhoqo;
• Izicucu zivela emva kweentsuku ezingama-30, xa zifikelela ukuphakama kwamahlumela e-10 cm zihlukaniswe kwaye zifakwe emanzini, ukwenzela ukuba iingcambu zivele, kwaye zifakwa kwiikomityi;
• Izihluma ezisuka kwizibilini zingasuswa kuze kube kwezihlandlo ezi-7, nganye iintsuku ezili-10;
• Kwizityalo zomhlaba ezivulekileyo zityalwe entwasahlobo, xa umhlaba uhlahlela ukuya kwi-15 ° C, kwaye ukushisa komoya kufinyelela ku-25 ° C;
• kwisayithi ukulungiselela izimbobo ubunzulu be-15 kunye nokuwahambisa;
• icebo lokulima: umgama phakathi kwezityalo 40 cm, phakathi kwemigca - 70 cm;
• Izityalo zixhaswa nge-internodes ezi-2, zikhuselwe iibhotile zeplastiki okanye izimbiza zeglasi, eziza kukunceda ukuba zibe ngcono. Emva kokuvela kwamacembe amasha, indawo yokukhusela isuswe.

Ukutyala amazambane ezinotyiweyo emhlabathini ngembewu

Ukuhlakulela iifatata ezinamanzi kunye nembewu kuqala ngomhla weshumi wesibini kaFebhuwari. Ukwenza oku, lungiselela umxube wehlabathi ovulekileyo, isanti kunye neengcambu ezinqamlekileyo kwiindawo ezilinganayo. Imbewu ayinakukhutshazwa ngesisombululo se-potassium permanganate kwaye isomisiwe. Imigaqo yokuhlaliswa:

• Izityalo zizaliswe nge-nutrient substrate, imbewu ihlanganiswe kuyo ngokubanzi kwe-1.5-2 cm;
• izityalo zifakwe ifilimu, zifakwe kwindawo efudumeleyo, zihlambulula rhoqo;
• Ihluma yamatatata amnandi amazambane athatyathwa njengelungele ukutyala emhlabathini ovulekile xa befikelela ubude be-15-20 cm;
• iiveki ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuba utshintshwe izityalo ziyanzima - zithathwa emoyeni omtsha ngeeyure eziliqela imihla.

Uphi na amazambane amnandi?

Xa uceba ukuhlakulela amazambane amnandi, ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kufuneka ihlawulwe kwisayithi apho iya kukhula khona. Amazambane amahle amnandi - izimo zokukhula ngokuphumelelayo:

• indawo yokudlala kufuneka ikhuselwe emoyeni oqinileyo kwaye ukhanyiswe kakuhle, isityalo asiyithandi ngisho nangomthunzi omncinci;
• Umhlabathi ongcono kakhulu unesihlabathi, i-sandy loam, ihamba, i-acidity ephantsi kunye nobunzulu bomhlaba ongaphezulu kwe-2 m;
• Ekwindla, iifometri zisetyenziselwa ukumba-i-3 kg ye-manure engaphezulu, 15 g ye-sulfate ye-potassium kunye ne-20 g ye- super- phosphate nge-1 m ₂ . Umhlaba oqingqiweyo kufuneka ungeze i-lime. Ngentwasahlobo, umhlaba ukhululiwe kwaye i-80 g ye-nitrogen nitrate yongezwa;
• Amazambane amazambane amnandi athuthuka kakuhle kumaqondo ashushu angaphezulu kwe-20 ° C, ngelixa lihla ukuya kwi-10 ° C, isityalo siyeka ukukhula, kwaye ku-0 ° C - iyafa.

Indlela yokukhulisa amazambane amnandi?

Isityalo kubalulekile ukuba singagxininiswa kwi-internodes, njengoko oku kunciphisa isivuno sawo. Ngako oko, iziqu zezambatyambo zimele zihlonywe ngokukhawuleza zivela emhlabathini ngexesha lokulima kwaye zikhusele ukubunjwa kwe-rootlets ezingadingekile. Xa ukuhlakula kubalulekile ukukhusela ukhula ngendlela echanekileyo, ngaphandle koko bachitha ukutshala kwaye bachithe umhlaba, kwaye isityalo siba buthathaka.

Ukuvuna kusekupheleni kukaSeptemba. Iifatata zibhekwa zivuthiwe xa amahlamvu awo kunye neziqu ziba ziphuzi kwaye ziqala ukubola. Iintyatyambo zicatshulwa ngokufanelekileyo kwimimandla eyomileyo, zibekwe phezu kombhede wokumisa. Zingadliwa ngokukhawuleza. Iibhubhu, ezijoliswe ukugcina, zigcinwa ngeveki kwi-28-30 ° C, kwaye zifakwe kwiibhokisi, zinokugcinwa kwi-10 ° C ngeenyanga eziliqela.

Ukukhathalela iBatat

Iitapile ezinomsoko yinkcubeko engamelana nesomiso, ungayithandi i-waterlogging nonke. Ukunkcenkcesha kufuneka kube ninzi ekuqaleni, xa iinqununu zithatha ingcambu. Ekuqaleni, bayakha ezininzi iingcambu, kwaye ke ukhula lukhula kwaye ludibene kuyo yonke indawo. Kwisiqingatha sesibini semifuno, ukuthambisa kuncitshiswe kuye kwimihla eyi-10. Xa imvula iqhubeka rhoqo, awukwazi ukunyanzezela konke. Kwiiveki ezintathu ngaphambi kokuvuna, ukunycenkceshela kumisiwe.

Ukususela phakathi ko-Agasti, ngexesha lokuvuna kunye nokwakhiwa kwezilimo ezinobuncwane amazambane amaqabunga amnandi adinga ukuchumisa okongezelelweyo. Ukwenza oku, sebenzisa kanye ngeveki isichumisi se-potassium, esifanele umlotha womthi. 1-2 iiglasi ze powder kufuneka ziqhutywe kwiilitha ezili-10 zamanzi, ukugxininisa iiveki ezimbini, zivuselela ngamanye amaxesha. Ukwenza ilitha enye yokwakheka kwihlathi ngalinye.

Ukuzaliswa kwamazambane

Amazambane athambileyo avelisa amahlumela kunye nezihlunu. Isiqhamo esikhethiweyo sokuzalisa sigcinwa kukushisa kwe-10 ° C endaweni emnyama. Ukulethwa ekukhanyeni nasekujuleni kwesiqingatha kwisigxina, banikezela ihlumela elula. Ukufakwa kwinqanawa ngamanzi amaninzi emva kweentsuku ezi-3-7 ziqale iingcambu kunye namahlumela ezityalwe kwiiphothi. Kamva baqala ukukhupha amaqabunga.

Kwakhona, kulula ukunika iingcambu kunye nemivimbo eluhlaza ebuncinci ekhulile emhlabathini ngexesha lokuwa kwamatatata amnandi. Kutyalwe kwipopi yasekhaya, baya kuvelisa isityalo esihle kwaye bahlobise igumbi ngexesha lokubusika, kwaye entwasahlobo baya kuba ngumthombo wokuvelisa amatsha. Emhlabathini batyala iintlobo ze-cuttings 15-20 cm, ziyakhiwa kalula zibe zezityalo ezipheleleyo.

Izilwanyana zeepatata

Isityalo sithathwa ngokunganyangekiyo kwizifo kunye nezilwanyana ezinambuzane, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha ziyakwazi ukuphazamisa isivuno. Iingxaki ezinokwenzeka xa ukhupha amazambane amahle amnandi:

1. Iintonga okanye izibungu zikaMeyi. Ama-parasites afihla emhlabathini aze adle ii-tubers. Ukutshabalalisa izinambuzane kuya kunceda ukucwina iibhedi kunye ne-Aktara, Aktofit, kwimigca efunekayo ukubeka izibamba zeglue kubantu abadala ngoMeyi.
2. Slugs. Ikhathaza ngokukhethekileyo imifuno enotyatyambo kwimvula. Kwisayithi kuyimfuneko ukubeka izitya ngebhiya kwaye emva kwexesha ukuqokelela izinambuzane.
3. Spider mite. Ichaphazela amaqabunga kunye neziqu, ukutshabalalisa i-parasite kuya kunceda ukuhlanza i-Fitoverm okanye i-oun, i-chamomile.
4. Umlenze omnyama. Isifo sefungal, sinokuchaphazela imbewu, ijikeleza isiqu. Ukuze ugweme eso sifo, hlwayela amazambane adibeneyo kuphela kufuneka ukuba u-decontaminated, i-substrate kufuneka ichithwe kwangaphambili kunye ne-Phytosporin-M, ukwenzela ukuba ingabi yinto ecacileyo, igobolondo leqanda lingeniswa kwihlabathi.