Ngoku kukho ukunyuka okuqhubekayo kwinani lezifo ezithintekayo kunye nokuvela kweempembelelo ezinzulu. I-Antihistamines yesizukulwana esitsha ngokukhusela i-neuromediators inokumisa iinkqubo ze-pathological processes. Indawo ephambili yokusetyenziswa kwezi ziyobisi kukulwa nempawu zeentlungu kunye nokubandayo. Ngokwahlukileyo, izidakamizwa zangaphambili zanciphisa iimpawu, kodwa azizange zithintele ipropati yokukhusela.
Yintoni isizukulwana esitsha sama-antihistamines?
Eli qela lamachiza lijoliswe ekunqandeni i-histamine, echaphazela i-receptors yenkqubo yokuphefumula, isikhumba kunye namehlo, okukhokelela ekubonakaleni kweempawu zokungabikho komzimba, ezi zikhusela izilwanyana ezifanayo.
I-Antihistamines ine-sedative, anticholinergic, i-anesthetic yendawo, iipropati ze-antispastic. Ziyakuvumela ukuba uqede ukutshaya nokuvuvukala.
Ngokuxhomekeka kwixesha lokubonakala kwazo, iziyobisi zihlulwe zibe ngamaqela amathathu aphezulu:
- Iimpawu zokuvimbela i-H1, i-histamine receptors isetyenziselwa ukulawula i-allergies;
- Iibhloko ze-H2 zithathwa zizifo zesisu;
- iibhloko ze-H3, zisetyenziselwa ukunyanga i-pathologies ye-neurological.
Izizukulwana eziza kutshatyalaliswa ngama-antihistamines, amagama abo axoxwa ngawo kwinqaku, banokukhetha okwaneleyo kwaye bangangeni ngaphakathi kwindonga yengqondo-ngqondo, ngenxa yokuba akukho miphumo echaphazelekayo esuka kwinkqubo yesantya nentliziyo.
Ezi zakhiwo zivumela ukusetyenziswa kwexesha elide kwizifo ezinjalo:
- qha ga mshelana ne-dermatitis;
- urticaria ;
- i-rhinitis yonyaka, ixesha layo lingaphezulu kweeveki ezimbini.
I-antihistamines yesizukulwana esitsha - uluhlu
Izidakamizwa eziphambili ze-antihistamine eziza kulutsha olutsha zichongwa kuloluhlu lulandelayo:
- Citirizine;
- Bamipin;
- Ebastin;
- Fexofenadine;
- Loratadin.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, izigulane zinqunywe iLatatadine, apho kungekho nhlobo yendalo, kodwa ukukhusela, kufuneka uvumele ukusela utywala. Iyeza lifanelekileyo ukusetyenziswa ngabantu baluphi na ubudala. I-analog yayo nguClaritin, ethengiswa kwikhemisi ngaphandle kwemithi.
Elinye ikhambi elithandwayo nguFexofenadine, okunye kuthiwa yiTeflast. Ukusetyenziswa kwayo akuchaphazeli inkqubo yentsholongwane, umphumo wayo ufikelela kwisiza emva kweyure. Akukhuthazwa ngabantu abanganyanzelwanga kwamalungu.
I-antihistamines yesizukulwana esitsha esinamandla
Ngenxa yokuba loo myeza ayinayo i-sedative ne-cardiostatic effect, ingasetyenziselwa ukunyanga umntu onomsebenzi onxulumene nokusebenza kwengqondo enzulu kunye nokuxininiswa kwengqalelo.
Phakathi kwayo yonke i-antihistamines yesizukulwana esitsha, uZirtek uchongiwe. Ukuba yi-blocker ye-histamine, iphazamise umsebenzi wayo. Oku akuvumeli kuphela ukususa iimpawu zesifo, kodwa nokukhusela ukuvela kwezilwanyana. Isilwayo sinakho
- kunciphisa ukuvuvukala;
- kuphelisa ukukhawuleza nokubetha;
- kuncitshiswe ukuphelela kwamaplasilla;
- kunciphisa ubonakaliso besikhumba nge-urticaria ebandayo.
Kwakhona kufuneka ubeke ingqalelo kwenye i-antihistamine iziyobisi ezinxulumene nesizukulwana esitsha, u-Erius. Isithako esisebenzayo esisisigxina senza i-desloratadine, enesiphumo sokukhetha kwi-histamine receptors. Xa uthatha amayeza, i-serotonin kunye ne-chemokine zigcinwa ukuba ziyeke, ukubetha kunye nokuvuvukala kuncinci. Umphumo weziyobisi uyaqhubeka ngeeyure ezingama-24, umphumo ugcinwa emva kwesigamu seyure emva kokungena.