Ngokuqinisekileyo, wonke umntu uyazi ukuba u- onion oqhelekileyo ubonakala ngathi. Kodwa nangempendulo yombuzo othi "yintoni isalathisi?" Abaninzi bethu bakuthola kunzima ukuphendula. Kwaye ke esi saphetha sithandwa kakhulu kwilizwe lethu nakwamanye amazwe. Kwintsimi yase-Ukraine, i-shallots yaziwa ngokuba "kuschevka", ebukhulu beRashiya njengowentsapho "," kwaye phantsi kwegama elithi "shalolots" bayayazi eYurophu. Ekuhlaleni izitshalo ze-shallots ezivela kwimbewu kunye neziseko zeendlela zakhe zokulima kwaye kuya kuxutyushwa kwinqaku lethu.
Iintlobo zezitshalo
I-shallot liqela lama-anyanisi ahlukeneyo. Ukususela kwii-anyanisi eziqhelekileyo, zikwahlukana ngokwazi ukwenza ifomu enye yintombi. Ngokuxhomekeke kwiindidi, ii-bulbs ze-shallots zinemibala eyahlukeneyo kunye nomlo. Eyona ininzi ethandwa kakhulu yiintlobo zeengqungquthela:
- Chapaevsky;
- Sprint;
- Kunak;
- Kushchevka Kharkov;
- Albert;
- Aristarko;
- Asterisk;
- Ixesha elingasebenziyo.
Ukuhlakulela i-shallots nokunyamekela
Ukuhlakulela i-shallots kungenziwa ngeendlela ezimbini: ukusuka kwiimbewu kunye nama-bulbs. Xa uhlalwa i-anyanisi (ngokusondeza), i-patch for shallots iyakulungiswa ekwindla, kwaye ityalwe ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ikunye ukugcina impahla yokutshala ixesha elithile emanzini afudumele. Ukutyala, iibhola ezincinci (ukufika kwi-4 cm ububanzi) zikhethiweyo kwaye zixhomekeke emhlabathini ngendlela enokuthi intamo ihlala ephezulu. Ukutshala i-shallots kwenziwa ngokwezicwangciso 10 * 20: 10 cm phakathi kwama-bulbs kunye no-20 cm phakathi kwemiqolo.
Ukusuka kwimbewu, i-shallots ikhulile ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: bahlwayayo imbewu kwi-groove malunga ne-3 cm ejulile, bebancedise kwangaphambili iiyure ezingama-48 kwisikhwama segreyze emanzi emanzini. Emva kokuhlwayela i-grooves yokutyala kufuneka ihanjiswe nge-compost okanye peat.
Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukutshala i-shallots izityalo zilula kakhulu kwaye zisebenza kakuhle, njengoko le saphetha ibhekiswe ngokufanelekileyo, kwaye imbewu kaninzi ayinaso ixesha lokuvuthwa. Umbhede we-shallots kufuneka ukhethwe kwisalathisi esinelanga kunye nomhlaba okhulayo kunye nomhlaba. Abaphambili abahamba phambili kwi-shallot baya kuba yimifuno: iifolo, iimbotyi, iimbotyi kunye nommelwane ophumelelayo - iinqotyi . Endaweni ekhethiweyo, ibhedi yokuqhawula ingasayi kufakwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwiminyaka emine kwiminyaka yokugcina imithetho yokujikeleza isivuno.
Iisiseko zegratomy of shallots
Xa sisebenzisana nendlela yokutshala i-shallots, masiqhubeke nendlela yokunyamekela ngayo. Ukunyamekela esi saphetha kubandakanya yonke imisebenzi eqhelekileyo: ukunyusa, ukunisela, ukukhulula umhlaba. Ukuxilisa i-anyanisi kuyimfuneko njengoko kuyimfuneko, ukuze umhlaba ubisiwe, kodwa ungagcwaliswa. Kwiiveki ezine ngaphambi kokuba isityalo sisuswe, ukucwiliswa kufuneka kumiswe.
Ukongezelela ekutheni, i-shallots nayo ifuna ukuxhaswa, ngakumbi xa ityalwe kwihlabathi elisezantsi. Ukutshala emva kokukhupha amaqabunga, ukuzisa umhlaba kwi-nitrogen fertilizer: urea, slurry. Ngethuba lokubunjwa kwee-shallots, kunokwenzeka ukuba ukondla ngokufaka i-potash fertilizer kumhlaba.
Ukuze ufumane ama-bulbs amakhulu, phakathi kwehlobo, inxalenye ye-anyanisi esenyakatho isusiwe, ishiya kuphela iinqununu ezinkulu (ama-5-6). Yenza oku ngale ndlela: ngokukhawuleza ulunge umhlaba uze uphume kuyo i-anyanisi encinci kunye neepeni. Ukongezelela ekukhuleni ngaphandle, ama-shallots afanelekileyo kwaye atyala
I-Shallots - izifo kunye nezinambuzane
Kwixesha elide lokubanda nemvula, i-shallots ingabandezeleka ngenxa yezifo zenyama: i-peronosporosa kunye nokubola kwebele. Ukuthintela eso sifo ukuba singathinteli umbhede wonke, izityalo ezichaphazelekayo kufuneka zisuswe kwaye iibhedi ziphathwe ngama-antifungal agents. Ukulwa ne-anyanisi ubhabhise ngomlotha, kwaye ukusuka kwiimbungu kwiifishi, izibhamu zingagcinwa zisetyenziswe isisombululo setyuwa (1 ingilazi yetyuwa kwibhakethi le-1 yamanzi).