Uxoxiswano olunolwazi luyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yezoshishino eziphumeleleyo, ukuseka intsebenziswano, ukuxazulula iingxaki zengxabano kungekhona kwishishini kuphela, kodwa nakubusano bobuhlobo. Ihlabathi lezo shishino lixabisa abantu abanekhono lokuthathethana ngendlela efanelekileyo.
Ukuxoxisana - yintoni na?
Ubugcisa bokuthintana buye lwacocwa ukususela kumaxesha amandulo. Namhlanje bafumana iingxoxo kubaxhamli kwiimfuno ezahlukeneyo zoshishino. Ingxoxo kunye nokulungiswa kwempi -impumelelo yale nto ixhomekeke ekubeni nolwazi lweengqondo kunye namava athile. Ubuchule bokunxibelelana kunceda ukufezekisa intsebenziswano enenzuzo, ukutsala abasebenzisi abathengileyo kunye nokwakha ubudlelwane bexesha elide.
Psychology of Discussion
Unxibelelwano olusebenzayo lwakhiwe ngolwazi lweengqondo zomntu. Izindlela zokuxoxisana zibandakanya iziqhelo ezahlukeneyo kunye namaqondo, ngoko ke umntu oshishino onolwazi uyisigqirha sengqondo. Ngexesha loxubusho, iindlela zengqondo zisetyenziselwa ukudala ukuthembela kunye nokuqonda okufanayo:
- Ukubonakaliswa kwenkathalo: "Wafika njani na? Kulula ukufumana idilesi, "ukunikezwa kweeyi / ikhofi.
- Ukubaluleka kukugxininisa kwimo kunye nokufaneleka komlingane.
- Ukuqhawula i-congruence yintlekeleko yentetho, isenzo kunye nesimo somzimba.
- Ukuqwalasela iingcinga kunye neziphakamiso zeqabane lamashishini.
Indlela yokuthetha ngokuchanekileyo?
Indlela yokuxoxisana - oku kufundiswa kwiiyunivesithi, kwiikhosi ezahlukeneyo, kodwa ngokwenene yonke into eyenzeka ngokungafaniyo. Kwaye zonke izibonisi ezilungiselelwe zikunceda nje ukuba zilahleke ngethuba lentetho yezoshishino. Eyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu yinkcazo eveliswa ngamanye amaqabane. Iingxoxo eziphumelelayo zizozola, zithemba, zicacise ubuhlungu kunye nokuhlonipha kwelinye icala kunye nokulandela imithetho:
- Injongo ecacileyo yintoni ekuthethwa ngayo;
- ukuqonda ngokuthe ngqalelo kwimimiselo yesivumelwano;
- yonke into mayiqinisekiswe ngesivumelwano, amaxwebhu;
- ukuthobela onke amalungiselelo-kubalulekile ukugcina igama lakho.
Indlela yokuxoxisana ngayo intsebenziswano?
Ukuxoxisana nabalingani bezoshishino kubangela ukuxhatshazwa okukhulu phakathi kwabo baqala nje ishishini labo. Ukukhawulela abathengi, amaqabane amashishini - konke oku kufuna ikhono lobugcisa. Iingxoxo zibalulekile ukukhokela emoyeni yentsebenziswano, kungekhona ukhuphiswano kunye nomoya wokukhuphisana. Ingxoxo kufuneka ithathwe ngokufanelekileyo. Uqhagamshelwano olunempumelelo luquka:
- indlela yokunxibelelana iyamnandi, ikhululekile kwaye ikhululekile;
- iingcamango eziphathekayo, iziphakamiso, izizathu - akukho ncokola "kwindawo engenanto";
- ukubonakaliswa kwemdla kwiimfuno zabaxumi, ingxoxo;
- Impendulo ithi "Ndiya kucinga", kwaye kungekhona ngokukhawuleza "ewe" kuya kunceda kwakhona kwakhona ukuvavanya yonke ingozi kunye nokufunwa kwale ntsebenziswano.
Imigaqo yokuqhuba iingxoxo zefoni
Ukuziphatha kwentetho yeeninzi kubonwa njengoluhlobo olunzima kakhulu lwentetho xa kungabikho mntu unxibelelana naye. Yonke ingqwalasela ijoliswe ekutheni intetho, isithinteli, ithoni yezwi, ingcamango yokuba ilizwi lenza. Inkqubo yokuxoxisana ngefowuni yinto yokuziphatha ngokugcina imilinganiselo ethile:
- Imigaqo emithathu yokulawula. Ukuba, emva komqondiso wesithathu, umntu akawuthathi ifowuni, kufanelekile ukuyeka umnxeba.
- Izwi likhadi lokubiza. Kwintetho, uqeqesho lomnxibelelwano luva ngokukhawuleza, uxolo kunye nokuzithemba
- Kubalulekile ukuzisiza ngegama uze ucele igama lomntu othetha naye.
- Bonisa umdla onyanisekileyo kumntu.
- Ingxoxo kufuneka iqhutywe ngokwecebo elenziwe ngokucacileyo.
- Ukusetyenziswa kwamasu okuphulaphula okusebenzayo.
- Ukubulela ixesha elichithwe ekupheleni kwengxoxo.
- Uhlalutyo lwencoko.
Iimpazamo eziqhelekileyo zokuthetha
Iingxoxo zempumelelo zixhomekeke kwiqela leemeko eziye zadibana. Abaninzi abasomashishini kunye nabaphathi bokuqala kwiinqanaba zokuqala bajonga iimpazamo eziqhelekileyo:
- Ukulungelelanisa okwaneleyo ukunxibelelana nomlingane onokuthi, umthengi. Ukuphucula ukuphuculwa kweli phepha kuya kudlala indima embi.
- Ukuqhuba iingxoxo kuqhutyelwa kwintsimi yomthengi okanye iqabane. Onke amalungelo kunye nokuxhaphaza ezandleni zeso "kwindawo" yakhe.
- Fumana uloyiko lwakho. Kubalulekile ukuphumeza ukwesaba intetho ngaphambi kokuba udibaniselwano olufunwayo lwenzeka.
- Iingxabano kunye nobungqina ngexesha leentetho: "Isiluleko sam sihle, kwaye (umntu) engenasiphelo" siya kushiya izinto ezimbi.
- Utyinzelelo lweengqondo. Ukunyanzela akubanga imbango yokusebenzisana.
- Ukulahlekelwa ingqalelo, kunokubonakaliswa ngokulinganisa nokubuza, intetho:
- ixhala;
- ukungakhathaleli;
- intetho ekhohlakeleyo;
- igama lamagciwane;
- ukuphelelwa yimonde ukubetha ipeni okanye ipencil etafileni.
Iincwadi kwiNtetho
Ukwazi ukuthetha - ezi ncwadi zilandelayo zinikezelwe kwesi sihloko:
- "Ndiyakuva ngeenxa zonke." Iintsebenzo zokwenza intetho. M. Goulstone . Le ncwadi ijoliswe kumadoda osomashishini, abazali kunye nabantwana babo kunye nabo bafuna ukuva nokuva abanye.
- "Intetho ngaphandle kokutshatyalaliswa." Indlela yeHarvard. R. Fisher, U. Jüri no B. Patton . Ngomsebenzi wabo, abalobi bachaze ngolwimi olulula iindlela zobuchule zokunxibelelana ngokufanelekileyo, ukukhuselwa kwabaxhasi kunye nabalingani abangenangqondo.
- "Ingxoxo ngokufanelekileyo." Ubugcisa bokunxibelelana kwabo bafuna ukufezekisa iinjongo zabo. S. Scott . Umqeqeshi wezebhizinisi onolwazi ulwabelana ngolwazi loqhagamshelwano kunye neendlela zokulawula iimvakalelo ezinamandla ngexesha le ncoko.
- "Indlela yokunqoba i-NO. Ingxoxo kwiimeko ezinzima. " U. Jüri. Ngokuqhelekileyo abantu bafumana izinto ezinjengokuthi: abadibaniselwano bayaphazamisa ngethuba le ncoko, musa ukuphulaphula ukuphela, memeze, zama ukufaka iimvakalelo zecala. Iinkqubo kunye nobuchule obuchazwe kwincwadi zinceda ukuphuma kumbambano kunye nokuqhuba unxibelelwano olwakhayo.
- "Phakamisa kwaye unqobe" Iimfihlelo zempikiswano efanelekileyo. N.Napryakhin . Ukuqhuba iingxoxo ezifanelekileyo kwanokukwazi ukukhusela indawo yokujonga. Incwadi inamasu amaninzi asebenzayo ekukholiseni nasekuthinteleleni abadibeneyo.