Ukuzalwa kwendlela yokuphanda izenzo kunye nemvelaphi yengqondo yomntu ngexesha lokuthunyelwa kwabo kubhekisela kwi-XVII inkulungwane. Kwimithombo yalo kwakukhona izazi zefilosofi ezidumileyo R. Descartes, D. Locke nabanye bazama ukuqonda amathuba omntu ozihlaziya ngokuzimeleyo izenzo zakhe kunye nokuvalelwa kwangaphakathi okudibene nabo.
Yintoni i-introspection?
Nangona eli lizwi elingenakuqondakalayo elisetyenziswe kwisengqondweni kunye nentsingiselo "jongeka ngaphakathi," ukuqonda kwangaphambili kuyaqhelaniswe kuninzi lwethu. Akukho mntu ongazami ukuqonda izenzo zakhe kule ndawo okanye kuloo meko, ukuhlaziya iziphumo zayo. Kwaye bambalwa abantu bayakrokraza ukuba ngeli thuba utyunjwa kwilizwe elithathwa nje ukuba likwazi ukuqala.
Ngaloo ndlela, ukuzazisa ngenye yezindlela zokuziqonda ngokweenene, xa umntu ekwazi ukuhlalutya ngokuzimela:
- izenzo;
- iimvakalelo;
- ngcamango;
- iimvakalelo;
- Iinjongo ezifakwe kwingqondo.
I-Introspection kwi-Psychology
Ikhono lokuzibandakanya isipho esikhulu; awanabo bonke abanayo, kwaye nabo abo banikwayo abayisebenzisi ngokufanelekileyo, bayiguqula ibe ngumdla, xa ngexesha lokuhlalutya kweemeko kuphela kugqitywa kwiingcamango ezingekhoyo neemvakalelo. Iyakwazi ukufikelela kwi-samoyedstva, xa kukho konke okwenzekile, umxholo uphawula yena ngokwakhe. Ngokungafani nalezi zenzo ezibhubhisayo, ukuxelwa kweengqondo kwi-psychology kukuhlalutya okuvumela ukuhlolwa kweenjongo zokuziphatha kunye nesimo sengqondo ngaphandle kokugwetywa kunye nokuzisola.
I-Introspection - i-pros and cons
Indlela yokwenza i-psychological, njengokwenza nayiphi na indlela yophando, inokuba neenkalo ezintle kunye nezimbi, kuba iifoto zengqondo zodwa zihlukile, kwaye akunakwenzeka ukunika iziphakamiso ezifanelekileyo nakanjani wonke umntu. Nangona kunjalo, indlela yokwazisa ukusetyenziswa kweso simo somntu ibonakalisa iinkalo ezininzi zobume balo. Phakathi kwezinto ezintle zilandelayo:
- ulwazi lwemikhwa yabo, imilinganiselo kunye neentlanzi;
- ithuba lokuziphucula;
- "Valiwe" ngaphandle kokuqwalasela yonke into eyenzeka kumntu.
Ngokubhekiselele kwimimandla engalunganga yendlela, abaphandi apha bawubiza enye kuphela: isimo sengqondo esichasene naso kwibala elibanzi kunokwenzeka. Iyakwandisa kwi-assessment: "Ndiyithethelela, ntanda wam," kuthi: "Yonke into ephosakeleyo, kuba ndibi (ulahlekile, ugosa, njl.)." Ukuhlawula irhafu kwiimvavanyo zangaphakathi ezixabisekileyo kumntu, iingcali aziboni njengosayensi.
Ukwazisa nokuqala
Phakathi kwendlela yokwenza kwangaphambili kunye nokwazisa kwangaphambili ngamanye amaxesha kufaka uphawu olulinganayo, okubonisa ukuba iinkalo zezifundo ngabo zifana: ukuphendula kwangaphakathi kwemizwelo kwiziganeko ezahlukahlukeneyo, apho uvavanyo lunikezelwa ngutitshala, odla ngokubizwa ngokuthi "umlindi ongenalwazi". Kodwa iingcali zikholelwa ukuba ukungeniswa kwe-introspection kunye ne-introspection kunemibono ephawulekayo:
- Ukuzibonela yindlela yokufumana ulwazi malunga nomoya wengqondo kunye nengqondo yomntu;
- ukubeka ingqalelo - ukusetyenziswa kwedata efunyenwe ngenxa ye-introspection.
Ukucatshungulwa kunye nokuchasana kwemibono yinto eyahlukileyo. Ukusebenzisana phakathi kokungena kunye nokubonakalisa umdla kunomdla nje ngeendlela ezimbini ezibanzi iindidi zezifundo zesimo sengqondo somntu ngamnye. Uninzi lweengcali zivuma ukuba zombini zibalulekile: ukungena kunye nokucinga; umahluko kukuba "zangaphambili iimpendulo" zomphefumlo, ukuhlalutya indlela esabela ngayo kwizenzo ezenziwayo, kunye nesibini - kumzimba, ukunika ulwazi malunga nezenzo zakhe.
Iintlobo zokwazisa ngeengqondo
Imbali yemvelaphi yale ndlela yazala iintlobo ezithile zokuqala, ezifunyenwe ngabazinzulu bezikolo ezahlukeneyo ze-European philosophy and psychological. Phakathi kwazo:
- ngokuchanekileyo, ukuvumela ukuhlalutya ukuvela kweengcamango neemvakalelo ekubuyiseleni, oko kukuthi, emva kokuthunyelwa kwezenzo ezithile;
- Uhlalutyo, njengokungathi ukuxhalabisa imizwa, ukuwahlula zibe ziincinci ezincinci kwaye ubonakalise ukususela kumzuzwana wokwenza ukubonakaliswa;
- Ukuzibonakalisa kwangaphambili kwemvelo-ukuzithobela, esetyenziswe kwi-Psestalt yengqondo, xa uhlalutyo lwangaphakathi lomntu lwenzeka ngokuchazwayo, ngaphandle kokubangela ukukhathazeka ngokomzwelo.
Kule ncwadana yezoshicilelo zenzululwazi, olunye uvavanyo olulungelelweyo luye lwachongwa, ngendlela ekunokwenzeka ngayo ukuba uhlolisise ngokuphindaphindiweyo impendulo yomntu yomntu kwizenzo zomntu ophindaphindiweyo. Ngokwenza njalo, kunika iziganeko zengqondo ezizimeleyo zokuqwalasela. Kuze kube sekuqaleni kwekhulu lemashumi mabini, ukuxilongwa kwangaphambili kwakucatshangelwa yindlela efanelekileyo yokufunda imeko yomntu.